22 JUL197 BULLETIN OF V* THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. XXVIII BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) LONDON: 1974 Printed in England by Unwin Brothers Limited CONTENTS ENTOMOLOGY VOLUME XXVIII No. I. The genus Etiella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): a zoogeographic and taxonomic study. By P. E. S. WHALLEY i No. 2. G. B. Buckton's works on Aphidoidea (Hemiptera.) By J. P. DONCASTER 23 No. 3. A catalogue of the genus-group names of the Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera). By W. G. TREMEWAN m No. 4. A catalogue of the family-group and genus-group names of the Gele- chiidae, Holcopogonidae, Lecithoceridae and Symmocidae (Lepidop- tera). By K. SATTLER 153 No. 5. The ant genus Polyrhachis F. Smith in the Ethiopian region (Hymen- optera: Formicidae). By B. BOLTON 283 No. 6. The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) : a tentative arrangement. By J. N. ELIOT 371 No. 7. A revision of the genera Hieroglyphus Krauss, Parahieroglyphus Carl and Hieroglyphodes Uvarov (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). By J. B. MASON 507 Index to Volume XXVIII 561 INDEX TO NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN VOLUME XXVIII abbreviata, Hieroglyphus daganensis . 531 achaja, Cowania ..... 454 Acupicta . . . 433. 45 1 . 4 8 ( fi g-) alsulus, Famegana . 454, 492, 499 (figs) Amblypodiini . . . 432, 480 (fig.) architecta, Polyrhachis laboriosa . . 308 asomaningi, Polyrhachis 298, 360, 362 (figs) atrociliata, Polyrhachis schistacea . .318 Famegana . . -453 felici, Polyrhachis lanuginosa . . 335 fernandensis, Polyrhachis decemdentata . 302 flavipes, Polyrhachis decemdentata . . 302 flavofasciella, Etiella . . . 5, 14 florinda, Arhopala .... 399 fracta, Polyrhachis schistacea . .318 furella, Nephopterix .... 5 fuscalis, Nephopterix .... 5 balli, Polyrhachis revoili bequaerti, Polyrhachis . bruta, Polyrhachis militaris bubases, Acupicta . 342 gagatoides, Polyrhachis schistacea . .318 304 gallicola, Polyrhachis cubaensis . . 329 313 gerstaeckeri, Polyrhachis . . . 329 454 gustavi, Polyrhachis decementata . . 302 calabarica, Polyrhachis militaris Candalidini Catapaecilmatini ... Cerodendra . . . clariseta, Polyrhachis nigriseta Cleoda . . . coerulea, Titea ... conduensis, Polyrhachis revoili congolensis, Polyrhachis gagates conradti, Polyrhachis lanuginosa Cowania .... crassa, Polyrhachis revoili . critala, Arhopala . . 313 442, 485 (fig.) PI. 4 ... 432 . .122, 125 . . 305 . 123, 125 .. 454 . . 342 . . 305 . . 335 .. 450 . -342 399, 47 8 ( fi g-) cupreopubescens, Polyrhachis militaris . 313 decellei, Polyrhachis . 301, 360, 362 (fig.) delicatum, Acupicta .... 454 divina, Polyrhachis schistacea . . 318 divinoides, Polyrhachis schistacea . . 318 donatana, Pseudotajuria . . . 454 donisthorpei, Polyrhachis revoili . . 338 drososcia, Etiella grisea 4, 13, Pis i, 6, 10, n, 12 durbanensis, Polyrhachis 327, 357, 359 (figs) hintza, Zintha holozona, Hypogryphia hortulana, Polyrhachis Hypolycaenini Hypotheclini . 454 5 308 438 433 ifraneella, Staudingeria . . 5 imatongica, Polyrhachis cubaensis . 330 indicus, Hieroglyphus . . 536, 537 (fig.) instabilis, Aphis ..... 29 iperpunctata, Polyrhachis . . .310 kohli, Polyrhachis . . . . 34 1 laeta, Polyrhachis lauta . . . 3 11 latharis, Polyrhachis 348, 361 (fig.), 365 (fig.) lentiginis, Aphis . 29, 61 lestoni, Polyrhachis 349, 361 (fig.). 366 (fig.) limitis, Polyrachis . . . 350, 359 (fig-) localis, Polyrhachis lauta . 3 11 Loxurini . -433 Luciini . 429 Lycaenesthini 44 2 lyrifera, Polyrhachis . 34 6 edentula, Aphis . . . . 29, 52 elongata, Hieroglyphus banian . . 541 esarata, Polyrhachis . 303, 360, 363 (figs) Euclimaciopsis . . . . .126 maynei, Polyrhachis . 34 6 mayumbensis, Polyrhachis rufipalpis . 317 melanella Etiella . 4, J 3 Monalita . *3*. *34 myosticta, Cryptoblabes 5 562 Neoherpa nigriseta, Polyrhachis Niphandini . INDEX 129, 134 305 442, 499 (fig-). P1 - 4 obsidiana, Polyrhachis gagates . . 305 ochristrigella, Etiellia . . . . 5, 18 ochristrigella, Etiellia . . . 5, 18 Ogyrini . 431, 47 8 ( fi g-) Oxylidini . . 433, 480 (fig.) penicillata, Aphis .... 29, 61, 75 perpolita, Hieroglyphus . . 515, 516 (fig.) perpolita, Miramia . . . .512 plebeia, Polyrhachis schlueteri . .321 Pseudocyrtomyrma .... 288 Pseudotajuria . . . 451, 483 (fig.) purpurea, Psychonotis 399, 445. 498 (fig.) regesa, Polyrachis . 337, 361 (fig.), 364 (fig.) Remelanini .... 437, 483 (fig.) rugulosus, Polyrhachis . . . .318 Rysops. . . 452, 490 (fig.), 499 (fig.) schoutedeni, Polyrhachis . . . 328 scintilla, Rysops ..... 454 scitivittalis, Etiella 4, 10, Pis i, 5, 10, 12, 14 scrophulariae, Siphonophora . . 29, 81 sincerella, Etiella . . . . 4, 10 spretula, Polyrhachis viscosa . . . 330 ssibangensis, Polyrhachis militaris . . 313 striativentris, Polyrhachis militaris . 313 striolatorugosa, Polyrhachis cubaensis . 325 sublutea, Titea ..... 454 Tarakini . . . . . .427 tenuistriata, Polyrhachis decemdentata . 302 Titea . . . . . . 452 Tomarini . . . . . 439 transiens, Polyrhachis 340, 360 (fig.), 365 (fig.) ugandensis, Polyrhachis fissa . uniformalis, Catastia 304 5 venustella, Phycita .... 5 volkarti, Polyrhachis 341, 356 (fig.), 357 (fig.) wilrnsi, Polyrhachis cubaensis . . 325 yangtseella, Epischnia .... 5 Zesiini . . . . . . .431 Zintha 447, 453 THE GENUS ETIELLA ZELLER ' 4JUU ' (LEPIDOPTERA : PYRALIDAE) : A ZOOGEOGRAPHIC AND TAXONOMIC STUDY . P. E. S. WHALLEY BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 28 No. i LONDON : 1973 THE GENUS ETIELLA ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERAj, PYRALIDAE) : A ZOOGEOGRAPHIC AND TAXONOMIC STUDY 4 ^1973 BY Pp. 1-2 1 ; 15 Plates, I Text-figure, j Maps THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 28 No. i LONDON: 1973 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. In 1965 a separate supplementary series of longer Papers was instituted, numbered serially for each Department. This paper is Vol. 28, No. i of the Entomological series. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. World List abbreviation Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 1973 TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) Issued 16 March, 1973 Price 2.60 THE GENUS ETIELLA ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA PYRALIDAE) : A ZOOGEOGRAPHIC AND TAXONOMIC STUDY By P. E. S. WHALLEY CONTENTS Page SYNOPSIS ........... 3 INTRODUCTION .......... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......... 4 ABBREVIATIONS .......... 4 CHECK-LIST OF SPECIES OF Etiella ZELLER ...... 4 SPECIES TRANSFERRED FROM Etiella ZELLER ..... 5 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION ........ 5 PHYLOGENY ........... 7 BIOLOGY ........... 7 Etiella ZELLER, 1839 ......... 8 Key to males .......... 9 Key to females ......... 9 TAXONOMIC SECTION ......... 10 REFERENCES ........... 19 INDEX 20 SYNOPSIS The genus Etiella Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) is redefined and the species in it listed and discussed. Keys to these species, together with maps of their distribution, are given. Four specific synonyms are newly established. The possible phylogeny of the genus is discussed and references to the literature on the biology and control of the Lima-bean Pod-borer, Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) are given. INTRODUCTION THE genus Etiella Zeller (Pyralidae, Phycitinae) contains species whose larvae, where known, feed on the seeds of Leguminous plants. The cosmopolitan species, Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke), popularly known as the Lima-bean Pod-borer, is a serious pest of legumes in many parts of the world. Although the present work is primarily a zoogeographic and taxonomic study of the genus, references to the biology and insecticide control of recent years are also given. The definition of the genus on page 9 restricts the number of species to seven ; no new species is described here and nine species are transferred to other genera. One of the more difficult problems has been the generic placing of the species removed from the genus. In spite of considerable effort, the placing of these species in this work must be regarded as provisional. They may be more accurately placed when other genera of Phycitinae are revised. 4 P. E. S. WHALLEY The problems of the Phycitinae and their identification were summarized by Heinrich (1956 : vi), who wrote 'So many misidentifications have been made in the past, even by Lepidopterists of repute, that records in the literature cannot be accepted merely on the authority of the author'. This is as true in Etiella as in the other genera in the subfamily and therefore no previously published records of the genus have been accepted unless they were accompanied by clearly recognizable figures. Although we can be reasonably certain that only E. zinckenella has been found on some continents, each record there still requires critical examination. Most of the type-specimens of the species described in Etiella have been examined ; in cases where these were not available topotypic material was used. The type- specimens of all the presently valid species in the genus have been examined. Wing measurements given are taken from the apex of the fore wing to the centre of the mesothorax. Wing span is thus approximately twice this figure. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to the following for the loan of specimens: Dr I. F. B. Common, C.S.I.R.O., Canberra; Dr G. Friese, Entomological Institute, Berlin; Dr L. Gozmany, Natural History Museum, Budapest ; Dr J. L. Gressitt, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hawaii; Dr G. F. Gross, South Australian Museum, Adelaide; Dr. H. J. Hannemann, Zoological Museum, Berlin; Dr H. Inoue, Fujisawa, Japan, who also presented paratype specimens to the BMNH; Dr E. G. Munroe, Canada Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa; Dr P. Viette, Natural History Museum, Paris. I am indebted to my colleagues for their comments and advice and to Mr M. Shaffer for technical assistance. The photographs were mostly taken by the Photographic Section, BMNH, the two stereoscans were taken by the Electron Microscope Unit, BMNH, and a few, as indicated, by the author. ABBREVIATIONS AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York. ANIC Australian National Insect Collection, C.S.I.R.O., Canberra. BMNH British Museum (Natural History). BPBM Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. SAM South Australian Museum, Adelaide. TM Termeszettudomanyi Miizeum, Budapest. CHECK-LIST OF SPECIES OF ETIELLA ZELLER E. scitivittalis (Walker) sp. rev. sincerella Meyrick syn. n. E. chrysoporella Meyrick E. grisea grisea Hampson E. grisea drososcia Meyrick stat. n. E. hobsoni (Butler) melanella Hampson syn. n. THE GENUS ETIELLA 5 E. walsinghamella Ragonot flavofasciella Inoue syn. n. E. zinckenella (Treitschke) anticalis Walker *colonnellus Costa dymmisalis Walker * 'zinckenella ab. decipiens Staudinger etiella Treitschke hastiferella Walker heraldella Guenee indicatalis Walker *madagascariensis Saalmiiller *majorellus Costa *rubribasella Hulst sabulinus Butler schisticolor Zeller *spartiella Rondani *villosella Hulst E. behrii (Zeller) subaurella Walker consociella Walker ochristrigetta Ragonot syn. n. SPECIES TRANSFERRED FROM ETIELLA ZELLER The following species, originally described in Etiella, have been transferred to the genera indicated. All their holotypes have been examined. Assara albicostalis (Walker), transferred by Roesler, 1965, Inaugural Dissertation der Universitat des Saarlandes, Saarbriicken. Nephopterix furella (Strand) comb. n. Nephopterix fuscalis (Kenrich) comb. n. Hypogryphia holozona (Lower) comb. n. Very close to H. rufifasciella Hampson. Staudingeria ifraneella (Lucas) comb. n. The holotype is a female and the generic position of this species is uncertain. Cryptoblabes myosticta (Hampson) comb. n. Catastia uniformalis (Hampson) comb. n. Phycita venustella (Hampson) comb. n. Epischnia yangtseella (Caradja) comb. n. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Maps 1-7 show the distribution of each species. Except for E. zinckenella the species of the genus are restricted to the Australasian and part of the Oriental regions, with one of these species occurring in Japan. *Holotype or paratype not examined, topotypic material studied. 6 P. E. S. WHALLEY A small collection from Monte Bello Is. (West Australia), made in 1952, contained a short series of Etiella specimens. These have proved to include three species (behrii, chry sopor ella, grisea). While the former two are widespread Australian species, the latter is otherwise known only from one specimen on the mainland at Wyndham (Western Australia). E. scitivittalis is restricted to Australia while E. chrysoporella is known only from Australia and the island of Tanimber in the Arafura Sea. E. grisea is widespread over the Pacific and, while not yet recorded from Java and Sumatra, occurs in Ceylon. Although the genitalia of all the specimens of grisea examined were similar, there is some local variation in pattern and colour. In Ceylon the specimens are pale grey while on Tanimber, the only two specimens examined are much blacker than the other specimens. In spite of wide separation of the populations of this species from the Society Islands to the Marianas, no constant differences in morphology have been found between most of these island populations. E. hobsoni is widely distributed with, at present, few records from New Guinea and none from Celebes. Specimens from Formosa differ only slightly in pattern from the Australian specimens and, on the few specimens examined, cannot be separated subspecifically. E. walsinghamella has a similar distribution to hobsoni but is less widely distributed in Australia, while extending through the East Indies right up to Japan. Differ- entiation is again slight over the whole range with some pattern differences but, on the material examined, this is not constant. E. walsinghamella is very distinct in external colour and pattern from E. zinckenella but the rest of the morphology and genitalia in both sexes are similar in these two species. It seems probable that walsinghamella and zinckenella are derived only recently from a common ancestor, from which they have only slightly differentiated. E. zinckenella is pantropical, but in the present work specimens have not been seen from New Zealand or Hawaii, nor from many of the central Pacific Islands. E. zinckenella is widespread in Nearctic, Neotropical, Ethiopian, Oriental and southern Palaearctic regions and in the northern part of Australia and some Pacific Islands, including Samoa. In spite of being widespread, with much variation in size and colour over the whole range, there is no evidence of local populations differentiating on morphological grounds and it seems likely that its spread has been both rapid and relatively recent and probably assisted by man. Another factor with this species is its own inherent ability for widespread dispersion. Stone (1965 : 16) comments that 'the moths are strong fliers and capable of migrating long distances to reach their host-plant.' Certainly this is amongst the most widespread of any species of moth which has not apparently subspeciated over any part of its range. E. behrii has been recorded in the literature (e.g., Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1941) from outside the range shown in map 7. Most of these specimens have been re-examined and all have proved to be zinckenella. At present the range of behrii is more restricted than zinckenella although it may well prove to have a similar explosive spread-potential and to become more widespread. THE GENUS ETIELLA 7 PHYLOGENY No fossil evidence is available for consideration of the evolution of this genus and only biological and morphological evidence is used in the following discussion. The genus consists of two groups of species with different types of distribution 1. World- wide (one species). 2. Mainly Australasian or Oriental (six species). If the genus is monophyletic there are two ways of considering its phylogeny. a. The species in the first group, having spread widely from 'a centre of origin', speciated in the Oriental-Australasian region. This is analagous to a wide- spread species arriving on, for example Hawaii, and then radiating and eventually producing many new species. Cases of this type of peripheral or island speciation are well documented (e.g. Zimmerman, 1970). b. Conversely, the widespread species arose from a species in the Oriental- Australasian region which then spread rapidly round the tropics. From morphological studies, the world-wide species (zinckendla) shows more specialized features than some of the species of more restricted distribution. The extreme modification of the costa of the valve in the male and the enormous secondary sac on the bursa of the female can be considered the end points arising from species where these characters are present in a less developed condition. For the alternative argument, that the 'simpler' ones arose by reduction of the characters of the wide-spread species, no supporting evidence has been found in any related genus, which seems otherwise morphologically closer to Etiella, w r here these speciali- zations do not occur. In one species (scitivittalis) the characters of the genus are present in the least developed form and this species is known at present only from Australia. From this species a series showing gradual development of these charac- ters can be drawn from the species in the genus. If the genus arose by rapid speciation in the Australasian region of the more widespread species by gradual reduction of the various characters, one must assume that a reduced state is more specialized. As already mentioned, no supporting evidence for this has been found in other genera. For example, the long costal process on the valve of the male is unusual and the evidence suggests that the less specialized condition of the valve is the more general (? primitive) form. In the absence of other evidence, I consider that the genus is Australasian in origin and that one species has been particularly successful, showing explosive spreading throughout the world between 50 north and 50 south. The genus Etiella is allied to Pima Hulst, whose larvae also feed on leguminous seeds, but its actual relationship to this and other Phycitid genera will have to wait for further studies on them. Within the genus Etiella a possible phyletic relation can be represented by the morphoseries shown in Text-fig, i. BIOLOGY E. zinckenella is a pest of pods of legumes. It has been recorded from 30 species in 21 genera of legumes (Naito, 1961) but few records have been published of hosts other than legumes (e.g., Viktorov, 1938, on water melons). Many accounts of the 8 P. E. S. WHALLEY biology and life-history of this species have been published and a selection of them is given in the references. Data on the other species in the genus is more limited but all the recorded hosts are species of legumes. The species in the genus appear to have specialised in feeding on the seeds of these plants. For further information on the biology and control measures of E. zinckenella, see Issiki, 1969, (coloured figures of the larvae) ; Kruel, 1963 (occurrence in Germany) ; Naito, 1961 (biology and distribution); Oatman, 1967 (biology in the U.S.A.); Peiu, 1966 (biology in Roumania); Schad, 1943 (biology in France); Stone, 1965 (biology and control measures in the U.S.A.). Details of host plants are given in the section 'Biology' under each species. ETIELLA Zeller, 1839 Etiella Zeller, 1839 : 733. Type-species: Phycis zinckenella Treitschke, by monotypy. Rhamphodes Guenee, 1845 : 319. Type-species: Phycis etiella Treitschke, by monotypy. Mella Walker, 1859 : 1017. Type-species: Mella dymnusalis Walker, by monotypy. Alata Walker, 1863 : 108. Type-species: Alata anticella Walker, by monotypy. Arucha Walker, 1863 : 201. Type-species: Arucha indicatalis Walker, by monotypy. Modiana Walker, 1863 : 82. Type-species: Modiana scitivittalis Walker, by monotypy. Ceratamma Butler, 1880 : 689. Type-species: Ceratamma hobsoni Butler, by original desig- nation. The synonymy given in the Catalogue of the genera of Phycitinae (Whalley, 1970 : 45) has been checked. Although the synonymy remains the same, the genus, which has often been attributed to Zeller, 1846, is here referred to his usage of 1839; (in this work Zeller refers to it as a subgenus of Pempelia Hubner, 1825), this is the date used by Heinrich, 1956. FIG. i. Suggested relationship of species in Etiella Zeller. (See p. 7) THE GENUS ETIELLA g Antennae of male with basal segment enlarged with variable shaped projection on inner margin near base. Shaft with sinus containing long scales. Labial palps very long, usually 2 or more times diameter of eye. Second segment of labial palps grooved to hold aigrette-like maxillary palps. Maxilliary palps of female smaller; third segment of labial palp longer than in male. Fore wing often with ridge of raised scales in antemedian position. Eleven fore wing veins. Hind wing with MZ and MS joined. Eighth segment of male with small hair-tufts Uncus hood-like. Gnathus a simple sharp hook. Valve usually with strongly sclerotized costal process. Aedeagus with strongly sclerotized and spiny vesica with cornuti. Female with bursa elongate, usually with many-spined signum, secondary sac (see PI. 10, figs 66, 68 and 76, indicated by V) usually sclerotized, coming off bursa near junction of ductus bursae. Ductus seminalis arising from various positions on bursa, often from near origin of secondary sac. KEY TO MALES Juxta with elongate, pointed and sclerotized arms (PI. 5, figs 26 and 30) . . 2 Juxta blunt-ended, usually with apical hairs on each lobe .... 3 One costal valve process long, sclerotized, other costal process reduced but visible as sclerotized point. (PI. 5, fig. 30) . . . chrysoporella (p. n) Both valves with very reduced processes, visible only as small, lightly sclerotized processes (PL 5, fig. 25) scitivittalis (p. 10) 3 (i) Both costal valve processes long, sometimes one slightly shorter than other . 4 One valve process very reduced, less than half length of other (PI. 6, fig. 36) .... ...... grisea (p. n) 4 (3) Juxta lobes long and slender (PI. 8, fig. 55). Valve approximately diamond- shaped (PL 8, fig. 57) behrii (p. 17) Juxta lobes not as above, often swollen at apex, valve often elongate and thin 5 5 (4) Fore wings reddish brown, without white costal streak. Broad yellow-orange median fascia. Hind wings black or dark grey. Genitalia as in PL 7, figs 44- 49 ......... walsinghamella (p. 14) Fore wings with or without white costal streak. If without streak, fore wings black or dark brown ; if with streak, fore wings varying from pale buff to almost black. Antemedian fascia narrow ........ 6 6 (5) White costal streak. Grey-brown, buff or nearly black fore wings. Very variable in size. Genitalia as in PL 8, fig. 50 . . . zinckenella (p. 15) White costal streak very indistinct or absent. General colour of fore wings black or dark reddish brown. Hind wings dark. Genitalia as in PL 7, fig. 40 ........... hobsoni (p. 13) KEY TO FEMALES 1 No sclerotized secondary sac on bursa nor sac attached to bursa by duct (PL 10, fig. 65) scitivittalis (p. 10) Secondary sac on bursa or attached by long duct. Secondary sac usually heavily sclerotized ........... 2 2 (i) Duct of bursa short (PL 10, figs 66, 76) usually wider than long ... 3 Duct of bursa much longer than width ....... 4 3 (2) Ductus seminalis from near middle of bursa. Small sclerotized platelets in broader first part of ductus seminalis. Secondary sac a sclerotized lobe on bursa (PL 10, fig. 66) ...... chrysoporella (p. n) Ductus seminalis opening nearer bottom of bursa away from ductus bursae. Spines in ductus seminalis. Secondary sac at end of long duct (PL 10, fig. 76) ........... behrii (p. 17) 4 (2) First part of ductus seminalis with small spines or sclerotized plates . . 5 First part of ductus seminalis without spines or sclerotized plates, duct often strongly folded ........... 6 P. E. S. WHALLEY (4) Signum a row of long spines, clearly visible (PI. 14, fig. 96) . . hobsoni (p. 13) Signum of smaller spines, or signum indistinct (PL 14, fig. 95) . grisea (p. 12) (4) Ductus bursae heavily sclerotized with long striae. Ostium heavily sclerotized. Secondary sac clearly without sclerotized spines . walsinghamella (p. 14) Ductus bursae less heavily sclerotized. Ostium lightly sclerotized. Secondary sac clearly with sclerotized spines ..... zinckenella (p. 15) TAXONOMIC SECTION Etiella scitivittalis (Walker) sp. rev. (PI. i, fig. i; PI. 5, figs 25-29; PI. 10, fig. 65; PI. 12, fig. 83; PI. 14, fig. 93) Modiana scitivittalis Walker, 1863 : 83. Holotype *, 38*.} Apterous viviparous female. (Plate i, fig. 55; Text-figs 1-5). Colour of macerated specimen: uniformly pale yellowish, except for slight darkening at articulation of antennal segments III and IV, and IV and V; at apices of fore and middle tibiae, and apices of siphunculi. Morphology : body large, broadly oval, 3-28-4-05 mm long. Head smooth, dorsal hairs 52-80(1 long, with blunt apices. Antennal tubercles large, diverging, each ventrally with a prominent hemispherical protuberance bearing one or two hairs. First antennal segment with 9-10 hairs, some spinules on the ventral surface near the base, and some imbrications on the inner surface near the apex. Second segment partly spinulose. Third segment spinulose at the base, remainder smooth, with from 26-39 secondary rhinaria, more or less in line, over nearly its whole length; hairs short, stout, blunt, up to 36^ long. Fourth and fifth segments faintly imbricated, sixth with processus terminalis 4-8 times as long as base (in the only specimen with a complete antenna). Rostrum scarcely reaching hind coxae, ultimate segment rather broad with straight sides tapering towards a blunt apex, o-i6o-o-i74 mm long, about equal in length to second segment of hind tarsus, and with 10-12 non-apical hairs. Femora and tibiae slightly scabrous apically, otherwise smooth. Femoral hairs stout, blunt, the longest reaching about 6o(x. Tibial hairs more acute, more numerous, the longest about 70^. First segments of tarsi on all legs with 3 hairs. Tergum BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 33 0-2 FIGS 1-5. Amphorophora ampullata Buckton. Lectotype: Fig. i. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Fig. 2. Siphunculus. Fig. 3. Third antennal segment. Fig. 4. | Cauda. Paratype (370) : Fig. 5. Underside of left antennal tubercle to show protuberance (see text). (Figs 1-4 to same scale.) 34 J- P. DONCASTER smooth, membranous, sparsely clothed with thick blunt hairs, only about 15-20(0, long on anterior tergites, longer on sixth, seventh and eighth. Eighth tergite with 6-8 hairs, the longest about joyL. Hairs on sternites rather long (iyofx), fine, acute, rather numerous. Siphunculi smooth, except for a few apical striae below the flange, base expanded, basal two-fifths narrow, apical three-fifths evenly swollen, the diameter at the widest part about twice that at the narrowest, 2-3 times as long as the cauda and a little less than a quarter of the body length. Cauda obtuse, 1-7-2 times as long as its basal width, with 18-19 hairs. Subgenital plate with 4 hairs near anterior margin and 10-12 posteriorly. NOTES. Amphorophora ampullata Buckton sensu latiore has been recorded from western and northern Europe, India, Korea, Japan, and North America. Its food- plants are restricted to ferns, the commonest being species of Athyrium and Dryopteris in the Old World, and of Onoclea in North America. Hille Ris Lambers and Basu (1966 : 14, 15) distinguish two subspecies of ampullata : bengalensis, based on material from ferns in India, and laingi Mason, 1925, from Onoclea sensibilis, etc., in the U.S.A. Cryptosiphum artemisiae Buckton (PI. i, fig. 56; Text-figs 6-8) Aphis gallarum Kaltenbach, 1856 : 236. [Homonym of Aphis gallarum Gmelin, 1790 : 2210.] Aphis artemisiae Passerini, 1860 : 35. [Homonym of Aphis artemisiae Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 : 162.] Cryptosiphum artemisiae Buckton, 1879 : 145; pi. 84, figs 1-4. Pseudolachnus yomogi Shinji, 1922 : 730. [Synonymized by Monzen, 1929 : 48; Takahashi, 1931 : 37, Shinji, 1941 : 623.] Cryptosiphum pseudogallarum Shinji, 1941 : 626-628. [Synonymized by Tao, 1962 : 96.] LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Norfolk, Norwich, Brandon. Artemisia vulgaris (galls). 2.viii.(year ?). (Barrett). (42*). Paralectotypes : 4 apterous viviparous females, I nymph, 5 alate viviparous females, same data as lectotype. (41*, 42a*, 42b*, 43*). Apterous viviparous female. (Plate i, fig. 56; Text-figs 6-8). Colour of macerated specimen: body pale brown; head, antennae, rostrum, subgenital and anal plates rather darker; legs and cauda darker still. Morphology : body 1-31-1 -66 mm long, broadly oval, about 1-25 times as long as wide. Head short, broad, smooth, frons slightly convex, antennal tubercles absent. Compound eyes rather small, triommatidia scarcely projecting. Cephalic hairs sparse, fine, acute, from 22-32^ long. Antennae short, about 0-25 of the length of the body, of 6 segments, the length ratios of III-VI about 13 : 6 : 6 : 7 -f 6. Antennal hairs sparse, acute, up to about i2(ji long. Primary rhinaria, and the 5-6 accessories around that on VI, heavily fringed. Segments I-III smooth, IV-VI imbricated. Rostrum reaching to or a little beyond second coxae, ultimate segment stiletto-shaped with narrow elongate apex, 0-119-0-134 mm long, about 2-5 times as long as its basal width and from 1-2 to 1-4 times as long as hind tarsus II (0-095 mm). Two of the three normal pairs of apical rostral hairs are set at about one-sixth of its length from the apex, the third pair are displaced almost to the middle of the segment. There are 6 non-apical hairs in the lectotype, 4 or 5 in paratype apterae. Legs short; the femora, which are fused to the trochanters, stout, nearly smooth, but middle and hind femora with a few short rows of spinules on the under surface ; femoral hairs sparse, fine, acute, from 20-24^1 long. Tibial hairs more numerous, some on inner side stouter and spiny, the rest fine, acute, 24-32^1 BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 35 long. Hind tibia about 0-2 of body length. First tarsal chaetotaxy 3, 3, 2. Tergum smooth, with few rather long (32-38^) fine hairs. Siphunculi very small, the opening, scarcely larger than a spiracle, borne on a shallow protuberance. Cauda very short, broad, slightly convex, conforming to the oval outline of the body, with 5 or 6 hairs. Eighth tergite with 6-8 hairs 40-4851 long. Ventral hairs shorter and more numerous, sternites with irregular transverse rows of spinules. Subgenital plate transversely elongate with 5-10 hairs on anterior half and 13-16 along posterior border. Alate viviparous female (43*). Colour: body pale brown, head, thorax, antennae and legs slightly and evenly darker. Differs from aptera mainly in the narrower and slightly shorter body and relatively longer appendages. The antennae are just over half, and the hind tibiae about one-third of the body length respectively. Antennal segments III-VI are imbricated, and III bears 26-30 circular or oval, rather large secondary rhinaria with wide rims, irregularly arranged over the distal three-quarters of the segment; IV with 2-5 similar rhinaria grouped closely near its apex. Segment III joined to II by a narrow stalk, about half the diameter of the rest of the segment. Wing venation normal aphidine, but in this specimen the media in one fore wing has both its branches forked, an abnormality which Buckton records both in his original sketch of the alate artemisiae and in the published figure (plate 84, fig. 3). NOTES. Buckton's sample of Cryptosiphum artemisiae includes one alate viviparous female of Color adoa artemisiae (del Guercio), the presence of which could account for the statement in his generic diagnosis of Cryptosiphum (1879 : 144), 'Cauda small, but distinctly seen in the winged forms', and his doubt, expressed two pages later, whether Passerini's artemisiae is the same insect. The originals for his published plate include drawings of both species. The coloured drawings of aptera, nymph and alata used for figs i, 2 and 3 are definitely based on artemisiae Buckton, but the end of an abdomen used for fig. 5 shows a prominent cauda and in the original but not the reproduction a distinct siphunculus. This, and the head, antenna and rostrum of fig. 6 would seem to have been taken from the alate Coloradoa. An unpublished sketch of head and antenna clearly belongs to an alate Cryptosiphum. FIGS 6-8. Cryptosiphum artemisiae Buckton. Lectotype: Fig. 6. Left antenna. Paratype (420.) : Fig. 7. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Fig. 8. Apex of rostrum. 36 J. P. DONCASTER The sheet of originals is dated August 2nd. If, as I suspect, this is the date when Buckton drew them, the specimens must have been collected some days earlier, i.e. in late July, not 'early August' as published. Chermes atratus Buckton = Adelges laricis Vallot Adelges laricis Vallot, 1836 : 72. Chermes coccineus Ratzeburg, 1843 : 202. Chermes strobilobius Kaltenbach, 1843 : 203. Chermes atratus Buckton, 1883 : 39; pi. 120, figs 5, 6. (For full synonymy, see Carter, 1971 : 44.) LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere. Quercus sp. 2.vi.i87i (?). (Buckton). (159}. Buckton describes only the alata which he took as a vagrant on oak. There are no specimens named atratus in his collection, but his notes indicate that the alata was collected together with specimens of Thelaxes dryophila. An alate Adelges laricis Vallot, mounted on 759 together with apterous and alate dryophila, agrees reasonably well with Buckton's description, measurements and original drawing, and this I take to be his type of atratus. Aphis aucupariae Buckton = Dysaphis (Pomaphis) aucupariae (Buckton) (PI. 2, fig. 57; Text-figs 9-13) [Aphis sorbi Kaltenbach; Walker, 1850 : 276 partim. Misidentification.] Aphis aucupariae Buckton, 1879 : 76; pi. 60, figs 3-5. Anur aphis appelii Borner, 1926 : 225. Anuraphis aucupariae (Buckton) Theobald, 1927 : 308. Aphis (Dentatus?) aucupariae Buckton; Mordvilko, 1929 : 52. Yezabura (Ceruraphis) aucupariae (Buckton) Borner & Schilder, 1932 : 586. Sappaphis aucupariae (Buckton) Borner, 1952 : 97. Sappaphis aucupariae (Buckton) ; Stroyan, ig^^a : 20. Dysaphis (Pomaphis) aucupariae (Buckton) Stroyan, 1963 : 55. Dysaphis aucupariae (Buckton) ; Shaposhnikov, 1964 : 582. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female (fundatrigenia) . Sussex, Horsham, Cowfold. Sorbus torminalis. I7.vi.(year ?). (Probably Boner}. (466a*). Paralectotypes : 7 nymphs, data as lectotype (4666*, 4660*}; 6 larvae, Sussex, Horsham. Sorbus torminalis. i8.v.(year ?). (Probably Boner}. (49*, 490,*, 49b*). Other material: 3 alate viviparous females, 4 nymphs. Middlesex, Southgate. Sorbus torminalis. 2i.vi.i847. (Walker). (W. 939). Apterous viviparous female (fundatrigenia). (Plate 2, fig. 57; Text-figs 9-13). Colour of macerated specimen: head, antennae except basal part of segment III, legs except femoral bases, and siphunculi dark to black sclerotic. Sclerotic bands on notum, dorsal sclerites on abdomen, anal and subgenital plates also dark. Morphology: body 2-47 mm long, broadly oval, about 1-4 times as long as broad. Head densely sclerotic, vertex without spinal tubercles, BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 37 wrinkled, with some scattered spinules, hairs fairly numerous, fine, acute, up to about 6o(jt long. Antennae with all six segments rather coarsely imbricated; hairs acute, the longest on III reaching 38^, slightly longer than articular diameter of segment; processus terminalis 2-6 times as long as base of VI; the flagellum 1-58 mm long, about two-thirds the length of the body; ratios of segments III-VI 48 : 34 : 25 : 14 + 36. Rostrum 0-53 mm long, reaching middle coxae, ultimate segment normal, 0-148 mm long, about twice as long as its basal width, with 4 non-apical hairs, and very slightly shorter than second segment of hind tarsus (0-154 mm). Femora rough and more or less scabrous, mainly on posterior surface, hairs fairly numerous, fine, acute, up to 64^ long. Tibial hairs shorter and stouter, up to 50^ long; hind tibia about half length of body. First tarsal segments with 3, 3, 3 hairs. Abdomen with marginal tubercles on segments II-IV on left side, I-IV on right. Spinal sclerites are present as irregular broken transverse bands on segments I, VII and VIII, and as irregular paired scleroites on the inter- vening segments. One pair only of spinal tubercles is present on segment VIII. Dorsal abdominal hairs are acute, the longest reaching 78-80^.. Eighth tergite with 5 hairs. Siphunculi 0-33 mm long, nearly straight, slightly and evenly tapering from base to apex, imbricated, with a slight annular constriction behind the flange, each 3-3 times as long as its basal width, nearly equal in length to antennal segment IV and just over one-eighth of the body length. Cauda bluntly triangular, 0-12 mm long, about two-thirds as long as its basal width, with 7 hairs. Subgenital plate with 3 hairs on anterior half and 19 irregularly arranged along posterior margin. NOTES. From Buckton's notes and drawings I conclude that his published description of aucupariae is based on two samples of material, namely (a) six larvae taken probably at Cowfold, near Horsham, Sussex and dated i8th May, and (b) 13 0-2 FIGS 9-13. Dysaphis (Pomaphis) aucupariae (Buckton). Lectotype: Fig. 9. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Fig. 10. Left antenna. Fig. n. Apex of rostrum. Fig. 12. Siphunculus. Fig. 13. Cauda. 38 J. P. DONCASTER one adult fundatrigenia and seven nymphs taken at Cowfold and dated i7th June. His published account confirms that both larvae and nymphs were found in the same place. Both samples are from Sorbus torminalis; the first (a) was originally mounted on one slide (49) labelled 'Aphis aucuparia' by Buckton, but with no other data, and (b) on 466 labelled 'A. sorbi. Cowfold.' He drew the largest of the larvae in (a) for figure 3, which he regarded as the normal apterous female and described: description and measurements as well as the sketch correspond fairly well with the specimen. The adult fundatrigenia in sample (b) was his model for figure 4, the 'globose' form, which he thought might be the fundatrix. Measurements given in his notes, but not published, support this conclusion. Since the fundatrigenia is the only adult morph in either sample, and is also complete and well preserved, I choose it as lectotype of aucupariae Buckton. A full account of aucupariae (Buckton) is given by Stroyan (19570 : 20-22). Oregma bambusae Buckton = Astegopteryx bambusae (Buckton) (PI. 2, fig. 58; Text-figs 14-16) Oregma bambusae Buckton, 18936 : 87, partim. Oregma lutescens van der Goot, 1917 : 197. Astegopteryx bambusae (Buckton) Doncaster, 1966 : 157. Lectotype (designated by Doncaster, 1966 : 157) : apterous viviparous female. FIGS 14-16. Astegopteryx bambusae (Buckton). Paratype 3: Fig. 14. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces (wax glands shown stippled) . Paratype 26 : Fig. 15. Rostrum. Lectotype: Fig. 16. Left antenna. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 39 INDIA, Uttar Pradesh, Dehra Dun. Bambusa arundinacea. Undated. (Cotes). Paralectotypes : 23 apterous viv. females, i normal larva, i dimorphic larva. Data as lectotype. (52*, 53*, 530*, 54*, 55*, 56*, 532*). (Plate 2, fig. 58; Text- figs 14-16.) The material on which Buckton bases Oregma bambusae is a mixture of two species, Astegopteryx bambusae (Buckton) and Pseudoregma bambusicola (Takahashi) (see Doncaster, 1966). All the material of true bambusae is in the Buckton Collection, BMNH. Aphis bellis Buckton = Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) Buckton, 1879 : 98; pi. 69 bis, figs i, 2, 4. LECTOTYPE here designated : apterous viviparous female. SCOTLAND, Aberdeen. Bellis per ennis. i8.ix.(year ?). (Trail}. (58). Paralectotypes: 2 alate viviparous females, 2 nymphs. Data as lectotype. (5$). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, apterous viviparous female: body length 1-49 mm, antennal flagellum 0-64 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 24 : 15 : 9 : 8 + 24, siphunculus o-n mm, cauda 0-069 mm, caudal hairs ?, ultimate rostral segment 0-104 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-089 mm, eighth tergite with 7 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 20(jt, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill IOJJL, on hind femur iSjji, on hind tibia 24^, on abd. terg. VIII 8opi. Paralectotype, alata: body length 1-84 mm, ant. flag. 0-94 mm, ratios of segs III-VI 41 : 22 : 13 : ii -f 31, secondary rhinaria on III 27, on IV 8, on V o, siph. o-n mm, cauda o-io mm, caudal hairs 5, ult. rost. seg. 0-12 mm, second seg. hind tarsus o-io mm, eighth tergite with 7 hairs, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill i8pi, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill i2[i, on hind femur 2o\i, on hind tibia 26^, on eighth tergite 4511. Buckton's slide is in reasonable condition and has not been remounted. Laing has marked it helichrysi Kalt. Theobald (1927 : 285) regarded bellis as a doubtful synonym of helichrysi and subsequent authors have confidently identified it with Kaltenbach's species. Buckton's original sketches of bellis show the aptera and nymph as dull brownish yellow or brown, which is much more characteristic of helichrysi than the brilliant yellow or yellow-green used to colour those morphs in the plate (at least in copies I have seen). I can find nothing in the mounted aptera which might be construed as the 'vermiform parasites' shown in both Buckton's original and the published figure. Chaitophorus betulae Buckton = Callipterinella calliptera (Hartig) Aphis calliptera Hartig, 1841 : 369. Chaitophorus annulatus Koch, 1854 : 7. [Synonymized by van der Goot, 1912 : 278.] Chaitophorus betulae Buckton, 1879 : 139; pi. 82, figs i, 2. [Myzocallis betulae (Buckton) ; Kloet & Hincks, 1945 : 70. Misidentification.] Calaphis callipterus (Hartig) Borner, 1952 : 58. Procalaphis callipterus (Hartig) Quednau, 1954 : 23. Callipterinella calliptera (Hartig) Stroyan in Kloet & Hincks, 1964 : 70. 4 o J. P. DONCASTER LECTOTYPE here designated : ovipara. Essex, Wanstead. Betula. ix. (year?). (Wallace ': ? error for Walker, who collected in Wanstead). (61*). Paralectotypes : 4 larvae. Data as lectotype. (62). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, ovipara: body length 2-48 mm, antennal flagellum 1-07 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 56 : 30 : 22 : 15 -f ?, siphunculus? (incomplete), cauda ? (missing), ultimate rostral segment 0-12 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-14 mm, eighth tergite with 12 ? hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 35^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 23(1, on hind femur 8o[z, on hind tibia ioo[x, on abd. terg. VIII Buckton describes the apterous viviparous female and the ovipara. His description and figure of the aptera seem likely to be based on the largest of the larvae on 62. Published measurements agree reasonably well with those of this specimen ; further- more, his original sketch, though not the published lithograph, shows larva-like antennae with the third segment indistinctly, or not, divided, and an undifferentiated cauda. His manuscript notes include the comment 'probably this specimen is not quite mature . . .' His description and figure of the ovipara correspond with the ovipara on 61, which has been remounted by Laing and marked Type. I designate this specimen as lectotype of betulae Buckton. Theobald (1929 : 349-350) quotes Buckton's description and adds his own descrip- tions of ovipara and male; but his specimens (from Betula alba, Boxmoor, Herts, 23.x. 1913) are sexuales of Betulaphis quadrituberculata (Kaltenbach). Thelaxes betulina Buckton = Glyphina betulae (L.) Aphis betulae Linnaeus, 1758 : 452. Vacuna betulae Kaltenbach, 1843 : 177. Aphis impingens Walker, 1852 : 1042. Thelaxes betulina Buckton, 1886 : 326; pi. 6, figs 1-6. Glyphina ? betulae (Linnaeus) Borner, 1952 : 181. Glyphina betulae (Linnaeus); Stroyan in Kloet & Hincks, 1964 : 84. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Sussex, Hastings, Guestling. Betula. vi. (year ?). (Bloomfield) . (72*). Paralectotypes: 10 apterous, 3 alate viviparous females, i nymph, i larva. Data as lectotype. (72*, 73, 74). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 1-88 mm, antennal flagellum 0-51 mm, ratios of segments III-V 33 : 12 : 16 + 4, siphuncular diameter 44^, cauda not measurable, caudal hairs 9?, ultimate rostral segment 0-17 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-15 mm, eighth tergite with 5 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 3O(x, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 45[i, on hind femur Sopi, on hind tibia 6o[x, on eighth tergite Paralectotype alata: body length 1-76 mm, ant. flag. 0-58 mm, ratios segs III-V 39 : 15 : 16 -)- 3, secondary rhinaria on III 6, on IV o, siph. diam. 42^, cauda 0-085 mm, caudal hairs 6, ult. rost. seg. 0-18 mm, second seg. hind tarsus 0-14 mm, eighth tergite with 9 hairs, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill 20(1, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 50jz, on hind femur 50^, on hind tibia 70^, n eighth tergite 90^ . Buckton describes the apterous and alate viviparous females and figures two BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 41 apterae (one 'of a later brood'), a nymph and an alata. I have not succeeded in locating the originals of these figures. (See also Glyphina betulae, p. 88.) Endeis carnosa Buckton = Geoica eragrostidis (Passerini) Tychea eragrostidis Passerini, 1860 : 39. Tychea setariae Passerini, 1860 : 40. [Tychea setulosa Passerini; Buckton, 1883 : 87. Misidentification.] Endeis pellucida Buckton, 1883 : 91. Endeis carnosa Buckton, 1883 : 92; pi. 129, figs 5-8. [Geoica utricularia sensu auctt. nee Passerini, 1856 : 260. Misidentifications.] [Geoica squamosa Hart; Theobald, 1929 : 191. Misidentification.] Geoica discreta Borner, 1952 : 203. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Kent, Beckenham, in ants' nest. ii.i876. (Lubbock). (89*). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 1-78 mm, whole antenna 0-48 mm, ratios of antennal segments I-V u : 9 : 17 19 : 13, ultimate rostral segment 0-19 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-12 mm. Buckton describes and figures the apterous viviparous female. The drawings of the whole insect (fig. 5) both in the lithograph and in the original are very crude, but the detail drawings of the hind end (fig. 6), and the vertex and antenna (fig. 7), relate without question to a specimen of Geoica eragrostidis (Passerini) received with other specimens from Lubbock. In its original mount this specimen was considerably shrunken, and the posterior abdominal segments appeared much as in Buckton's figure 6, with the rectangular anal plate protruding beyond them. In his MS notes and in his published description he interprets the anal plate as the cauda, but the caption to the figure refers to it as the ovipositor. His sketch for fig. 7 shows the flabellate hairs on the vertex, and the 5-jointed antenna in which the length ratios of the segments are about right i.e. with III the longest and not as he describes them as being, all 'nearly equal'. Siphonophora carnosa Buckton Microlophium carnosum (Buckton) (PI. 3, fig. 59; Text-figs 17-21) [Aphis urticae Linnaeus, 1758 : 453 ( Orthezia urticae (L.) in Coccoidea; type in Linnaean Society Collection, London) ; Schrank, 1801 : 106, Kaltenbach, 1843 : 13. Misidentifications.] [Siphonophora urticae (sensu Schrank non L.) Koch, 1855 : 154.] [Siphonophora urticae (sensu Schrank non L.) ; Buckton, 1876 : 143.] Siphonophora carnosa Buckton, 1876 : 144; pi. 20, figs 1-4. [Macrosiphum urticae (sensu Schrank non L.) Schouteden, 19060 : 241.] [Acyrthosiphon (Microlophium) urticae urticae (sensu Schrank non L.) Mordvilko, 1914 : 202.] Amphorophora evansi Theobald, 1923 : 24; 1926 : 193. Macrosiphum schranki Theobald, 1927 : 403. Macrosiphum carnosum (Buckton) Lindinger, 1932 : 277. Macrosiphon carnosus (Buckton); Borner & Schilder, 1932 : 628. Acyrthosiphon carnosum (Buckton) Hille Ris Lambers, 1933 : 171. Acyrthosiphon (Microlophium) carnosum (Buckton) Kloet & Hincks, 1945 : 63. Microlophium evansi (Theobald) Hille Ris Lambers, 1949 : 209, Borner, 1952 : 142, Stroyan in Kloet & Hincks, 1964 : 80. 42 J. P. DONCASTER LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. 'S. carnosa'. Surrey, Haslemere, Weycombe. Urtica urens (?). i7.vi.(year ?). (Buckton). (go*). Paralectotypes : i apterous viviparous female, 2 late-stage larvae. Data as lectotype. (go*). Related material (urticae'}: i apterous, i alate viviparous females, i nymph, 1 larva. No data. (511)', 2 alate viviparous females. 'Nettle. June. W[ey- combe?].' No other data. (512} ; i larva. 'Urtica urens . No other data. (513) ', 2 apterous, i alate viviparous females, i larva. 'Nettle'. Middlesex, Southgate. 20.vii.i847. (Walker). (W. 1034). Apterous viviparous female. (Plate 3, fig. 59; Text-figs 17-21.) Colour of macerated specimen : uniformly pale except for very slight darkening around antennal joints and at tibial apices. 18 21 FIGS 17-21. Microlophium carnosum (Buckton). Paratype (906): Fig. 17. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Lectotype: Fig. 18. Right antenna (segments V and VI imperfect). Fig. 19. Apex of rostrum. Fig. 20. Cauda. Fig. 21. Siphunculus. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 43 Morphology : body 3-4-3-6 mm long, slightly more than twice as long as broad. Head smooth, antennal tubercles large, prominent, diverging, cephalic hairs long, maximally 65-75^, acute or with spear-shaped apices. Antennal segments I-IV smooth, V slightly imbricated, VI normally so; III with 3 small circular secondary rhinaria near the base; antennal hairs sparse, blunt, up to about 5O(z long. Flagellum a little longer than the body; length ratios of segments III-VI about 123 : 87 : 68 : 22 + 96(?). Rostrum scarcely reaching hind coxae, ultimate segment 0-146-0-150 mm long, equal to or slightly shorter than second segment of hind tarsus, with about 10 non-apical hairs. Femora and tibiae smooth, femoral hairs acute, up to 56^ long; tibial hairs similar, but reaching 61-65^ in length, becoming numerous towards tibial apices. First tarsal segments on all legs with 3 hairs. Tergum smooth, hairs sparse, up to 52[z long on anterior segments, reaching 65^. on eighth tergite, which bears 8-9 hairs. Siphunculi 1-25 mm long, straight, expanded at base, with pronounced apical flange, almost completely smooth, with 2-3 rows of reticulations next to the flange. Cauda 0-42-0-43 mm long, about twice as long as its basal width, slightly constricted at about one-third of its length from the base, with 9-10 hairs. Subgenital plate with 2 long and 5 shorter hairs on anterior half, and 16-18 along posterior margin. NOTES. Buckton originally regarded carnosa as a variety of the large green nettle aphid known to him as Siphonophora urticae. In fact he distinguishes three varieties of this species, two of which, both green, he describes as Variety a and Variety (3 (1876 : 143) and figures on plate 19. His sheet of drawings of carnosa (plate 20), which show a dark, purplish grey aptera, an alata with brown body and green markings, a pink and green nymph and an almost colourless newborn larva, was at first entitled 'Siphonophora urticae No. 2, var y', but he altered the name to carnosa in the belief that it differed specifically from urticae. On the back of the sheet he appends descriptive notes of the four morphs he drew, and which he describes in greater detail in the text (1876 : 144, 145). The reasons he gives for separating carnosa from urticae are that 'urticae is a larger insect, the antennae are disproportion- ately long, the wings are narrower, the thoracic lobes are more pronounced, and the abdomen is spotted laterally.' The only extant specimens named carnosa by Buckton are two imperfect adult apterae and two larvae, remounted in balsam by Laing. Examples of the other morphs described and figured, except the newborn larva, are, however, included among specimens named urticae, but there is no indication of which, if any, of these were used as models for carnosa and not for urticae. One of the two alatae on 572 shows some similarities to his original for the figure of the alate carnosa, but there is no proof that one relates to the other. Evidence of host plant associations is equally inconclusive. In the published text carnosa is recorded from 'the stinging nettle, Urtica urens' and urticae from 'the stinging nettle, Urtica dioica . Though Buckton separates the two nettles by their specific names, he apples the same vernacular name to both. His manuscript notes record the hosts of carnosa as stinging nettle and Rubus fruticosus. The notes for urticae were destroyed when he cut out the individual drawings and remounted them in new positions on a fresh sheet. The only slide to bear a specific host identification is 5x3, which contains a single larva and is marked Urtica urens. One other slide is marked 'nettle' ; that named carnosa bears no data other than the name. Hille Ris Lambers (1933 : 171), following Lindinger (1932), used the name carnosum Buckton to replace urticae Schrank (preoccupied) for the large green nettle 44 J. P. DONCASTER aphid. But later (H.R.L., 1947 : 204) he applied to this species the name evansi Theobald and used carnosum to replace sibiricum Mordvilko, 1914, a similar but darker and more sclerotic Microlophium with strongly imbricated siphunculi and a narrower cauda with fewer hairs, recorded from Urtica dioica and U. urens in Siberia but on urens only in the Netherlands. He acted in the belief that Buckton's dark coloured aphid described from Urtica urens was sibiricum, but he did so without having had an opportunity to examine Buckton's specimens. The nearest approach to authenticated specimens of carnosum are the two adult apterae and two larvae named carnosa by Buckton. Though incomplete, they show most of their more important characters reasonably well, but in none can I detect any morphological difference between them and the remainder of Buckton's material named urticae, all of which agrees with the current concept of Microlophium evansi (Theobald). The evidence, such as it is, suggests that Buckton's first surmise was correct, namely that carnosum is only the dark reddish or purplish colour-form of the large green nettle aphid which occurs commonly during the summer, often mixed with the typical green form. Buckton's diagnostic characters for carnosa (which seem to refer only to the alata, of which no named specimens exist) contain nothing to conflict with this conclusion. Furthermore, although sibiricum has been recorded from Western Europe, Siberia, Japan and North America, it has not, so far as I can discover, been found in Britain. I can see no alternative, therefore, but to restore the name carnosum Buckton to the large green nettle aphid in place of evansi Theobald, and I select as lectotype the better preserved of Buckton's two adult apterae on go. The name of the other Microlophium thus reverts to sibiricum Mordvilko, 1914. Callipterus castaneae Buckton = Myzocallis castanicola Baker Callipterus castaneae Buckton, 1881 : 26; pi. 91, figs 5-9. [Homonym of Callipterus castaneae Fitch, 1856 : 471.] Myzocallis castanicola Baker, 1917 : 424. Myzocallis davidsoni Swain, 1918 : i. Myzocallis assimilis Borner, 1940 : 2. LECTOTYPE here designated: ovipara. Surrey, Haslemere. Castanea saliva. 1 3. xi. (year ?). (Buckton). (98). Paralectotypes : 5 alate viviparous females, 5 nymphs, i ovipara. Surrey, Haslemere. iv. (year ?). (Buckton). (95, 96, 97.) BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, ovipara: body length 1-88 mm, antennae incomplete, ratios of segments Ill-base VI 44 : 29 : 24 : 10 + ?, siphunculus o-io mm long, 0-07 mm wide at flange, cauda not measurable, ultimate rostral segment 0-12 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-14 mm, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 28(z, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 20(1., O n vertex o-i5|x, on hind femur 24^, on hind tibia 5051, on tergite III 8o(z, on tergite VIII 140^. Paralectotype, alata: body length 1-48 mm, ant. flag. 1-32 mm, ratios of ant. segs III-VI 65 : 36 : 25 : 13 + 29, secondary rhinaria on III 6, siph. 0-09 mm long, 0-04 mm wide at apex, BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 45 cauda not measurable, caudal hairs 9, ult. rost. seg. o-n mm, second seg. hind tarsus o-n mm, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill 22^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill i2fz, on vertex 30^1, on hind femur 2O(x, on hind tibia 30(1, on tergite III 35^, on tergite VIII 40^. Buckton describes the alate viviparous female, nymph and ovipara, and, in addition, the 'apterous viviparous female'. Apterae viviparae do not occur in this species, and what he describes is an ovipara, as is shown by his original drawing for figure 5. This according to the legend represents the apterous viviparous female, but the sketch is marked November 12 and was apparently drawn from the ovipara on 98, dated November 13. Both original and published figure show two ova beside the specimen. Since the evidence linking specimen and figure is so strong I choose this ovipara as lectotype. Pemphigus cinchonae Buckton : nomen nudum. Pemphigus cinchonae Buckton, 18890 : 6. Pemphigus cinchona Buckton; Wilson & Vickery, 1918 : 57. Pemphigus cinchona Buckton; Patch, 1938 : 226, 348. In an article on Indian insect pests (Rhynchota), Atkinson records having sent to Buckton for identification a sample of insects, thought to be aphids, infesting leaves of cinchona at Sikkim in August, 1888, and quotes Buckton's reply in which he assigns them tentatively to the genus Cerataphis but reserves his opinion on their specific status pending receipt of more material. Immediately following this record is a brief note of another aphid having been sent to Buckton, who named it provision- ally Pemphigus cinchonae, but again deferred describing it until he could study more material. The note adds no further data. In the Buckton Collection there is one slide (104*), remounted and relabelled by Laing, containing specimens of an unidentified aleyrodid and bearing data which relate it to the 'Cerataphis sp.' in Atkinson's first record. But neither specimens nor other evidence of identity have come to light which can be related to Pemphigus cinchonae. Siphonophora circumflexa Buckton Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum (Buckton) (PI. 3, fig. 60; Text-figs 22-26) Siphonophora circumflexa Buckton, 1876 : 130; pi. 13, figs 1-4. Macrosiphum circumflexum (Buckton) Schouteden, 19060 : 238. Myzus vincae Gillette, 1908 : 19. Siphonophora callae Henrich, 1910 : 26. Myzus circumflexes (Buckton) Davis, 19140 : 121. Neomyzus circumflexus (Buckton) van der Goot, 1915 : vii. Macrosiphum pelargonii var. circumflexa (Buckton) van der Goot, 1915 : 82. Aulacorthum circumflexum (Buckton) Timberlake, 1924 : 457. Amphorophora circumflexa (Buckton) Borner & Schilder, 1932 : 624. Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum (Buckton) Hille Ris Lambers, 1947 : 313, 1949 : 198. LECTOTYPE here designated : apterous viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere, Weycombe. Sparaxis sp. ii. (year ?). (Buckton). (io6c*). 4 6 J. P. DONCASTER Paralectotypes : 5 apterous viviparous females, 2 larvae, i nymph. Data as lectotype. (705, io6a*, io6b*, io6d*). Apterous viviparous female. (Plate3, fig. 60; Text-figs 22-26). Colour of macerated specimen: body and appendages pale except for the dorsal dark patches on either side of the median line of the thorax, the characteristic irregularly U-shaped patch on the abdomen, and aslight darkening around the articulations of the antennal segments. Morphology: body i -92-2-66 mm long, oval, slightly less than twice as long as broad. Head coarsely spinulose on upper and under sides. Antennal tubercles rather short, their inner surfaces rounded and slightly protruding and bearing one or two short blunt hairs. Vertex with very few hairs, variable in length, the longest reaching 26(ji, blunt or with slightly expanded apices. Antennae coarsely imbricated throughout, the imbrication being mainly confined to the ventral surfaces of all but the sixth segment. Antennal hairs very sparse, blunt or acute, the longest on III only about one-third of the articular diameter of the segment. Processus terminalis nearly four times as long as the base of VI. The flagellum very slightly longer than the body. Length ratios of segments III-VI about 57 : 44 : 39 : 18 + 72. Rostrum reaching to between second and third coxae, ultimate segment with straight sides and rounded apex and with two non-apical hairs, 0-12 mm long, 0-5 FIGS 22-26. Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum (Buckton). Lectotype: Fig. 22. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Fig. 23. Left antenna. Fig. 24. Cauda. Fig. 25. Siphunculus (fractured). Paratype (io6a) : Fig. 26. Apex of rostrum. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 47 about twice as long as its basal width and about 1-2 times as long as second segment of hind tarsus. Areas of spinulosity, like that on the head but less dense, occur on and around the coxae, in some specimens spreading on to the trochanters and even the bases of the femora. Legs slender, hairs short and sparse, those on the femora rather stout, blunt, up to 2O[i. long; tibial hairs longer, more numerous near the apex, the longest reaching 34^. Hind tibia about two-thirds of the body length. First tarsal segments with 3, 3, 3 hairs. Tergum of abdomen sclerotic, almost smooth, with sparse, very short blunt hairs about lOjj. long. Eighth tergite with 4 longer blunt hairs, the longest 22(z. Siphunculi 0-41-0-57 mm long, straight, apical two-thirds cylindrical, expanded at base, imbricated over whole length with a few apical striae and distinct flange, slightly less than a quarter of the body length, about equal to antennal segment IV, about 10 times as long as their middle diameter. Cauda 0-20-0-26 mm long, finger shaped, slightly constricted in the middle, with 3 pairs of lateral hairs, about 2-25 times as long as its basal width and half as long as the siphunculi. Subgenital plate with 2 hairs on the anterior half and 8 shorter ones along the posterior margin. NOTES. Buckton's specimens named circumflexa include, in addition to those listed above, two alate viviparous females and two nymphs of Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) (105}. Sketches of head, antenna, rostrum and siphunculi of alate helichrysi occur on the same sheet with the originals of circumflexum, but are named cinerariae and have not been published. The alate circumflexum described and figured was taken, according to Buckton's notes, in a greenhouse at Chichester in May (the notes are dated May 8). This specimen is missing from the Buckton collection. A full account of circumflexum is given by Hille Ris Lambers (1949 : 198-201). Pemphigus coccus Buckton : nomen dubium Pemphigus coccus Buckton, 18896 : 141. Pemphigus coccus Buckton; Ghulamullah, 1941 : 225. Pemphigus coccus Buckton; Takahashi, 1966 : 263. Buckton's brief and inadequate description of this species is based on immature specimens taken from dried galls on Pistacia vera in Afghanistan in 1885. No specimens so named or identifiable with the known data have come to light, nor any other clue to the identity of the species. Ghulamullah and Takahashi both cite the record of coccus Buckton but make no comment. The name must be regarded as a nomen dubium. Aphis crithmi Buckton = Dysaphis crithmi (Buckton) (PI. 4, fig. 61 ; Text-figs 27-31) Aphis crithmi Buckton, 1886 : 323; pi. 4, figs 1-6. Anuraphis crithmi (Buckton) Theobald, 1927 : 405. [Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach); Hille Ris Lambers, 1934 : 3 2 - Misidentification.] Aphis (Anuraphis) crithmi Buckton; Balachowsky & Cairaschi, 1941 : 99. PYezabura crithmi (Buckton) Borner, 1952 : 229. Dysaphis crithmi (Buckton) Stroyan, 1963 : 47. LECTOTYPE here designated : apterous viviparous female. Devon, Kingsbridge. Crithmum maritimum. vii. 1886 (?). (Bignell). (132*}. 48 J. P. DONCASTER Paralectotypes : 7 apterous, 2 alate viviparous females, 4 larvae, 3 nymphs. Data as lectotype. (131*, 132*). Apterous viviparous female. (Plate 4, fig. 61 ; Text-figs 27-31). Colour of macerated speci- men: head, thorax and sclerotic parts of abdomen pale to mid-brown, remainder of abdomen pale to almost colourless. Antennae mid-brown, becoming darker towards apices. Fore and middle legs mid-brown, hind legs darker. Apex of rostrum, siphunculi and anal plate dark brown. Morphology : body 1-88 mm long, oval, not quite twice as long as broad. Head smooth, frons flat, cephalic hairs stout, spiny, up to about 36(z long. Antennae with segments I and II nearly smooth, III-VI imbricated, antennal hairs stout, blunt, the longest about equal to the articular diameter of III. Processus terminalis about 2-8 times as long as base of VI. Flagellum about two-fifths of the body length. Length ratios of segments III-VI about 24 : 12 : 10 : 7 + 21. Rostrum reaching third coxae, ultimate segment 0-14 mm long, rather narrow, elongate, about 1-25 times as long as hind tarsus II (o-n mm), with 2 non-apical hairs. Femora rather stout, with fairly fine, acute hairs, up to 34^ long. Tibial hairs similar, becoming longer towards apex of tibia, reaching about 50(1. Hind tibia about one-third of body length. First tarsal segments with 3, 3, 2 hairs. The abdomen bears a row of paired spinal scleroites from segments I-V, a broken sclerotic transverse band on VI, and continuous transverse bands on VII and VIII. Pleural and marginal scleroites are less conspicuous than the spinals. Abdominal hairs stout, spiny, short (up to 20^) on anterior segments, becoming longer on posterior segments, reaching 72fz on VIII. Rather small marginal tubercles present on segments I-V. Spinal tubercles absent altogether. Siphunculi short (0-134 mm), slightly shorter than apical rostral segment, about 2-75 times their middle diameter and 1-7 times as long as the cauda, slightly tapered and with a few imbrications. Cauda 0-082 mm long, about as long as its basal width, with 5 hairs. 0-5 FIGS 27-31. Dysaphis crithmi (Buckton). Lectotype: Fig. 27. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Fig. 28. Right antenna. Fig. 29. Apex of rostrum. Fig. 30. Siphunculus. Fig. 31. Cauda. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 49 NOTES. There were originally two slides made by Buckton of crithmi, both of them in very poor condition with the balsam emulsified and the specimens obscured. Both bore the data 'Aphis crithmi. Samphire.' and one also included the date (July) and 'Plymouth'. In his published description Buckton records crithmi from Crithmum maritimum at Kingsbridge, Devon, and adds that specimens were sent him by G. C. Bignell, who lived at Plymouth. Apart from the omission of date and locality from one of the labels, Buckton's two slides were so similar in all other respects that I regard the specimens they contained as having all belonged to the same sample. Theobald (1927 : 405) records having examined one of Buckton's slides of crithmi (that containing two alatae, now 131*), but found the specimens so heavily obscured that he could make little of them beyond concluding that they agreed with his concept of Anuraphis. Laing had marked both slides '? helichrysi Kaltenbach' and noted that they should be remounted, but he never did so. Even after remounting into gum-chloral many of the specimens still suffer from shrivelled or collapsed appendages. Hille Ris Lambers (1934 : 32) places crithmi Buckton as synonym of Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach). At that time, when Buckton's two slides would have been in their original state and the specimens scarcely visible, Laing's tentative identifica- tion of them as helichrysi would have seemed reasonable enough. Neither the original drawings for Buckton's plate of crithmi nor any manuscript notes relating to it have so far come to light. Stroyan deals fully with crithmi in his revision of the British species of Dysaphis (Stroyan, 1963 : 47-48). Aphis cucurbitae Buckton = Aphis gossypii Glover Buckton, 1879 : 56; pi. 54, figs 1,2. LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Surrey, Carshalton. Cucumis melo. 26. ix. (year ?). (Smee). (139). Paralectotypes : 5 apterous, 4 alate viviparous females, 7 nymphs, i larva. Data as lectotype. (138, 139). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype alata: body length 1-66 mm, antennal flagellum 1-02 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 31:31: 23 : 14 + 39, secondary rhinaria on III 8, siphunculus 0-19 mm, cauda 0-12 mm, caudal hairs 5, ultimate rostral segment 0-097 rnm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-083 mm, eighth tergite with 2 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 16(1, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill i2jz, on hind femur 2O(i, on hind tibia 30^, on eighth tergite 25^. Paralectotype aptera: body length 1-84 mm, ant. flag. 1-08 mm, ratios segs III-VI 34 : 25 : 22 : 13 + 41, siph. 0-29 mm, cauda 0-14 mm, caudal hairs 4, ult. rost. seg. o-io mm, second seg. hind tarsus 0-09 mm, eighth tergite with 2 hairs, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill 24^1, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 14^, on hind femur 30^, on hind tibia 35^, on eighth tergite ? (not measurable). Both Buckton's slides have been labelled Aphis gossypii Glover by Laing. Theobald (1927 : 141, 145) published this synonymy and subsequent authors have accepted it. 50 J. P. DONCASTER Lachnus cupressi Buckton = Cinara cupressi (Buckton) (PI. 4, fig. 62 ; Text-figs 32-35) Lachnus cupressi Buckton, 1881 : 46; pi. 102, figs 1-3. Lachnus juniperinus Mordvilko, 1894 : 134. Lachniella tujae Del Guercio, 1909 : 309. [Lachnus juniperi (De Geer) ; van der Goot, 1915 : 396. Misidentification.] Dilachnus cupressi (Buckton) Swain, 1921 : 212. Lachnus sabinae Gillette & Palmer, 1924 : 9. Panimerus cupressi (Buckton) Theobald, 1929 : 148. [Panimerus juniperi (De Geer) Theobald, 1929 : 151 partim.] Panimerus tujae (Del Guercio) Theobald, 1929 : 153. Cinara cupressi (Buckton) Borner & Schilder, 1932 : 570; Braun, 1938 : 480; Hottes & Essig, I 7 2 Szelegiewicz, 1962 : 83. FIGS 32-35. Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressi (Buckton). Lectotype: Fig. 32. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Fig. 33. Right antennal segments III-VI. Fig. 34. Siphnnculus. Para type (i4oa) : Fig. 35. Apex of rostrum. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 51 Cinara tujae (Del Guercio) Braun, 1938 : 480. Neochmosis cupressi (Buckton) Kloet & Hincks, 1945 : 70. Neochmosis tujae (Del Guercio) Kloet & Hincks, 1945 : 70. Cupressobium cupressi (Buckton) Borner, 1952 : 45. Cinara canadensis Hottes & Bradley, 1953 : 86. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Cornwall, Probus. Cupressus sp. i7.xi.i87Q. (Boscawen). (140*). Paralectotypes : 3 apterous, I alate viviparous females, i nymph. Data as lectotype. (1400,*, I4ob*, 1400*, I4od*, 1406*). Apterous viviparous female. (Plate 4, fig. 62 ; Text-figs 32-35) . Colour of macerated specimen : head and body more or less uniformly pale brown; antennae with segments I and II pale brown as head, III paler with very slight darkening at apex, IV and V with basal halves pale, apical halves and whole of VI slightly darker. Apical segments of rostrum dark brown. Coxae and trochanters dark brown ; femora pale on basal half, the rest somewhat darker ; tibiae pale with a small dark brown area at the knee and less pronounced darkening at the apices; tarsi brown. Siphuncular cones, cauda, anal and subgenital plates, stigmal plates and muscle-plates brown. Morphology: body 2-70-2-92 mm long, broadly oval, about 1-7 times as long as broad. Head more or less semicircular in outline, clothed with numerous long fine hairs, the longest (frontal) reaching about 145^. Antennae of 6 segments, about one-third as long as the body, with rather numerous long fine hairs ranging maximally from 177-197^ on segment III. II with 9 or 10 hairs, VI with 4-6 hairs confined to the basal third of the segment, processus terminalis with 3 subapical setae; length ratios of segments II I-VI about 36 : 15 : 17 : 14 + 4, secondary rhinari a confined to IV, with i or 2, and V, with i. Rostrum reaching a little beyond third coxae, ultimate segments 0-147 an( ^ 0-085 mr n long respectively, slender and tapering, fourth segment with 3 or 4 non-apical hairs. Legs short and stout with numerous long fine hairs reaching about 200^1 on hind tibia, which is about two-fifths of the body length. First tarsal segment with dorsal side much shorter than the basal diameter (23 : 42(0.) . Second tarsal segment 0-24-0-26 mm long, slightly longer than rostral segments 4 and 5 together. Abdominal dorsum membranous with conspicuous muscle-plates, small sclerotic stigmal plates, a transverse row of 4 scleroites on tergite VII and two irregular transverse sclerotic bands on VIII. Siphuncular cones from 0-25- 0-30 mm in diameter, shallow (quite unlike Buckton's exaggerated figure), with numerous hairs in 4-5 whorls. Cauda very broadly triangular with more or less rounded sides, about one-third as long as its basal width. NOTES. In this instance Buckton's published figures are an improvement on his originals, which are carelessly drawn and crudely coloured. His notes add nothing to the published record. Hyalopterus dilineatus Buckton = Longicaudus trirhodus (Walker) Buckton, 1879 : 113; pi. 76, figs 1-7. LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Northumberland, Alnwick. Rosa centifolia var. muscosa ('Moss Rose'), v. (year ?). (Hardy). (147). Paralectotypes: i larva, 4 nymphs. Data as lectotype. (146). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: body length 1-88 mm, antennal flagellum 1-38 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 95:21:21:16 + 20, secondary rhinaria on III 84, siphunculus o-io mm, cauda 0-22 mm, caudal hairs 14, ultimate rostral segment 0-09 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-14 mm, eighth tergite with 4 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 32(x, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 16^, on hind femur 30^, on hind tibia 40^, on eighth tergite 20^.. 52 J. P. DONCASTER Buckton's specimens named dilineatus are a mixture of Longicaudus trirhodus (Walker) (see above; 146, 147), Macrosiphum rosae (L.) (146) and Myzaphis bucktoni Jacob (3 apt. viv. females on 145*, 1450,*, I45b*). The slide data on 146 and 147 indicate that the trirhodus and rosae are the material sent by Hardy from Alnwick, referred to under Buckton's description of the nymph (1879 : 113). The three apterae of bucktoni, therefore, would seem to belong to the material recorded from Haslemere and Wanstead on Rosa centifolia in July (the slide labels include no locality or date). Wanstead suggests Walker, but none of Walker's extant slides contains bucktoni. A Walker slide (W. 841} in Buckton's collection contains rosarum Kaltenbach which Buckton may have confused with bucktoni. On his plate of dilineatus Buckton figures the young larva, nymph and alata of trirhodus, and the adult aptera of bucktoni. His original drawing of the adult aptera is a good representation of bucktoni, better than the coloured lithograph, and shows (what the latter does not) that Buckton was uncertain of the true length of the siphunculi, leaving their extremities unfinished and indicated only vaguely by dotted lines. From his manuscript notes, which accurately describe his drawing, it seems that at first he regarded bucktoni as the adult aptera of dilineatus, but in his published account he modifies this view and describes the larva of trirhodus as the adult aptera (I regard the larva on 146 as his probable model), adding a brief description of 'variety a' which, as Jacob (1946 : no) points out, refers to bucktoni (but he omitted to alter the caption to figure 3 accordingly). The descriptions of the nymph, and the alata bred from one of the nymphs sent by Hardy, certainly refer to trirhodus. Buckton also describes and figures (figs 5, 6, 7) the oviparous female of dilineatus, but there is no specimen of an ovipara so named and the original drawings for these figures are missing. Figures 6 and 7, showing an enlarged antenna and abdominal appendages, suggest Myzaphis rosarum (Kaltenbach), but there is no proof that this is so, and the identity of the ovipara must remain uncertain. Since three of the four morphs described and figured are all supported by specimens of Longicaudus trirhodus, I place dilineatus Buckton, as other authors have done, as a synonym of trirhodus Walker. Theobald (1927 : 38) places dilineatus in Longicaudus and redescribes it, believing it to be distinct from trirhodus. However, he quotes Laing as being doubtful whether Buckton's alate female is distinct from trirhodus. Hille Ris Lambers (1934 : 26) considers Theobald's material named dilineatus to be trirhodus Walker. It is unlikely that he saw Buckton's material. Jacob (1946) gives a full account of Myzaphis bucktoni, which he identifies with the description and figure of Buckton's 'variety a' of dilineatus, but without having seen Buckton's specimens. Buckton's three adult apterae of bucktoni agree in all respects with Jacob's diagnosis. Aphis edentula Buckton = Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker) Aphis inserta Walker, 18496: app. xxxix. Lectotype, alate viviparous female, ENGLAND: Essex (BMNH). Aphis edentula Buckton, 1879 : 39; pi. 48, figs 1-3. Syn. n. (For full synonymy, see Doncaster, 1961 : 86.) BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 53 LECTOTYPE here designated : ovipara. Essex, Wanstead. Crataegus monogyna. 7.xi.(year ?). (Walker). (130). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, ovipara: body length 1-52 mm, antennal flagellum 0-51 mm, ratios of segments III-V 23 : 10 : 8 -f 22, siphunculus 0-12 mm, cauda not measurable, caudal hairs 5 (?), ultimate rostral segment o-io mm, second segment of hind tarsus o-io mm, eighth tergite with 4 (?) hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill i6(x, longest hair on ant. ?eg. Ill lo^i, on hind femur I2fi, on hind tibia 25(z, on eighth tergite 25^. Buckton describes the apterous viviparous female, the nymph, the alate viviparous female and the ovipara, but he figures only the last three morphs. The specimens, he says, were sent to him by Walker, who collected them from Crataegus at Wanstead in November. There are no slides in Buckton's collection labelled edentula and, from the data available, I can trace no specimens which might have been his models for the nymph and alata. But on slide 130, labelled 'A. crataegi Walk : ovip. female. Nov.' in Buckton's hand, are three oviparae of Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker), one of which corresponds reasonably well with the original for figure 3 and his measure- ments and description of the oviparous edentula. Since the data on the slide corres- pond with the published data and also with a manuscript note on the sheet of original drawings 'ovip. female on Whitethorn Nov. 7. Walk.', I believe this specimen to be Buckton's type of the ovipara of edentula, which I therefore place as a synonym of insertum Walker. Theobald (1927 : 213) quotes Buckton's account of edentula in full, adding only that the species is not represented in Buckton's collection. Borner (1952 : 70) correctly puts edentula as synonym of oxyacanthae Schrank = insertum Walker. Schizoneura fodiens Buckton = Schizoneura ulmi (L.) Buckton, 1 88 1 : 94; pi. 106, figs 6-12. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere. Ribes nigrum. 15. x. (year ?). (Buckton). (183*). Paralectotypes : 3 alate viviparous females, 12 nymphs, data as lectotype. (181*, 182, i83a*, 184}. BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 1-54 mm, whole antenna 0-32 mm, ratios of segments I-V 13 : n : 28 : 13 : 37, siphuncular diameter 0-07 mm, ultimate rostral segment 0-13 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-08 mm, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 33^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 45^, on hind femur 40^, on hind tibia 50^. Paratype, alata: body length 1-72 mm, antennal flagellum 0-63 mm, ratios segs III-VI 50 : 12 : 8 : 5 + 3, secondary rhinaria on seg. Ill 18, on IV 2, on V o, on VI o, siph. diam. 0-07 mm, ult. rost. seg. 0-13 mm, second seg. hind tarsus o-io mm, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill i6[z, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 42^, on hind femur 44^, on hind tibia 50^. Buckton describes and figures the apterous viviparous female, nymph and alata, and adds figures of a newborn larva and details of wings and alate antenna. All his specimens named fodiens are Schizoneura ulmi (L.), and I have selected as lectotype the single aptera on 183, the slide data of which correspond exactly with those of his original drawing of that morph (fig. 6), and which was doubtless the specimen 54 J- P. DONCASTER described and figured. Buckton's published description is incorrect in giving the antennal length as 'three quarters the length of the body' ; his MS notes give the ratio as one-third, and his published measurements (antenna 0-38 mm : body 1-39 mm) are about right when matched with the mounted specimen. The specimen is rather small for an apterous exule of ulmi, and the tarsi are less spinulose than those of other specimens I have examined, but other characters, particularly the wax- gland rosettes with conspicuous central ring, agree well. Endeis formicina Buckton = Baizongia pistaciae (L.) Buckton, 1883 : 91; pi. 129, figs i and 3. (For synonymy, see aedificator, p. 31.) LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Northumberland, Cheviot. Poa pratensis (? or Carex dioica) roots, v. (year ?). (Hardy}. (189*). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 1-46 mm, whole antenna 0-27 mm, ratios of segments I-V 17:16:16:13:31, ultimate rostral segment 0-13 mm, second segment of hind tarsus o-io mm, primary hairs on subanal plate 8, longest hair on subanal plate eighth tergite with 6 hairs, the longest Buckton's original slide labelled Endeis formicina (mis-spelled 'formacina') contained 14 specimens belonging to four species: Forda formicaria Heyden, Smynthurodes betae Westwood, Geoica eragrostidis (Passerini) and Baizongia pistaciae (L.). I have remounted these specimens on separate slides (189*, i8ga*-e*) and compared them with Buckton's description and figures of formicina. The specimen that agrees most closely, particularly with the characters shown in the original drawings of whole insect and antenna (used for figs i and 3 on the plate) is the aptera of Baizongia pistaciae (L.). Further confirmation that this was the specimen figured is given by Buckton's MS notes in which the host plant is recorded as Poa pratensis, and the code letters y, which appear on the slide, are also written beside the drawing. The colour characters given in the published description (1883 : 91) agree well with those of the original drawing, but the host plant is published as Carex dioica. The specimens were sent by Hardy, whose name also appears on the original drawing. I therefore choose this specimen as lectotype of formicina Buckton. Theobald, who recorded (1929 : 193) having seen Buckton's slide, and who also realised that it contained four species, placed formicina as a doubtful synonym of Geoica squamosa Theobald nee Hart ( = eragrostidis Passerini). Borner (1952 : 197) concluded from Buckton's figures that formicina should be assigned to Pemphigus. Stroyan (in Kloet & Hincks, 1964 : 86) correctly placed formicina as synonym of pistaciae (L.). Lachnus formicophilus Buckton : nomen dubium Lachnus formicophilus Buckton, 1901 : 257. Lachnus formicophilus Buckton; Donisthorpe, 1902 : 39. Lachnus formicophilus Buckton; Schouteden, 19060 : 201. Lachnus formicophilus Buckton; Donisthorpe, 1927 : 167, partim. Buckton describes and figures a specimen sent him by Donisthorpe, who took it BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 55 from a nest of Formica rufa at Oxshott, Surrey. Buckton gives no date, but Donisthorpe (1902) refers to this specimen and gives the date as 1900. Donisthorpe (1927) records collecting formicophilus from nests of F. rufa on 24 April, 1900, at Oxshott, and again on 6 September, 1912, at Weybridge. The Oxshott record doubtless refers to the specimen, now lost, which Buckton described; that from Weybridge is described by Theobald (1929 : 351) as Lachnus (?) formicophilus Buckton and is now in the BMNH collection. Buckton's description is so vague that it is impossible to determine what he had before him. His roughly-sketched figure shows an aphid with long antennae and legs, rather narrow wings with normal aphidine venation, and an abdomen either shrivelled almost to nothing or absent altogether. The body is said to be small, globular, black, and covered with white flocculent matter, and the expanse of the wings is given as n-o mm. Buckton identifies it as a male. The unusually large wing span and absence of visible siphunculi and cauda may have led Buckton to place this specimen in Lachnus, but the long antennae (about three-quarters of the length of the wings) must preclude this. The sketch certainly suggests a large aphid, possibly a Callipterine, e.g. Euceraphis punctipennis (Zetterstedt), or, if the wing span were not so large, Phyllaphis fagi (L.), which would accord with the flocculence. But if the specimen were indeed that taken by Donisthorpe on 24 April, the possibility of its being a male must be remote. I find myself in agreement with Schouteden (1906) when he writes: '. . . il me semble un peu exage"re de declarer myrmecophile un Aphide, parce qu'un unique exemplaire, et surtout une forme aile'e! s'en est rencontre" dans un nid de fourmis', and I regard formicophilus Buckton as a nomen dubium. Donisthorpe's second specimen is an apterous viviparous female of Lachnus (Schizodryobius) longirostris (Borner), or possibly exsiccator (Altum) (= pallipes Hartig), as Borner (1952 : 46) supposed, basing his conclusion, presumably, on Theobald's description and figure. Lachnus fuliginosus Buckton = Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) Aphis saligna Gmelin, 1790 : 2209. Lachnus punctatus Burmeister, 1835 : 93. Aphis viminalis Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 : 184. {Lachnus longipes Dufour; Buckton, 1881 : 59. Misidentification.] Lachnus fuliginosus Buckton, 18916 : 40. Tuberolachnus viminalis (Boyer de Fonscolombe) Mordvilko, 1909 : 374, Das, 1918 : 257. Lachnus viminalis (Boyer de Fonscolombe); van der Goot in Das, 1918 : 142. Pterochlorus viminalis (Boyer de Fonscolombe); Swain, 1921 : 211. Pterochlorus salignus (Gmelin) Theobald, 1929 : 104. Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) Borner, 1952 : 45. LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. PAKISTAN, Quetta. 1890 ? (Elliot ?). (J97*). Paralectotypes : 2 apterous viviparous females, i nymph. Data as lectotype. , 198*). 56 J. P. DONCASTER BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: body length 4-60 mm, antennal flagellum 1-40 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 35 : n : 13 : 12, secondary rhinaria on III 9, on IV 2, on V o, siphuncular diameter 0-12 mm, ultimate rostral segment 0-19 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-36 mm, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 36(0., longest hair on ant. seg. Ill yojx, on hind femur 8o(ji, on hind tibia 6o(ji. Paralectotype, aptera: body length 2-84 mm, ant. flag. 0-82 mm, ratios segs III-VI 46 : 20 : 24 : 28, siph. diam. o-n mm, ult. rost. seg. 0-19 mm, second seg. hind tarsus 0-31 mm, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill 40^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 40^, on hind femur 40^, on hind tibia 55^1. A sample of aphids said to have been taken on apricot, almond and peach trees at Quetta in 1890 was sent by the Indian Museum, Calcutta, to Buckton for identi- fication. Believing he had a new species, he named it Lachnus fuliginosus and described and figured the larva, nymph and alata. There are in the BMNH 15 specimens from the sample sent from Quetta, originally mounted by Buckton on two slides. They include the three morphs Buckton described, as well as several adult apterae, and are a mixture of two species, Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) and Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky) . The descriptions of nymph and alata, and the three morphs figured (alata, nymph and aptera or larva) all agree with the characters of salignus : only the description of the larva agrees with persicae. These descriptions correspond closely with five specimens originally on one of Buckton's slides (2 apterae, a nymph and an alata of salignus and an aptera of persicae}, named fuliginosus, which were remounted by Laing in 1916 on three separate slides. I regard these specimens as the type-material on which Buckton based fuliginosus. The second of Buckton's original slides (199) contains five apterae and five larvae of persicae only, and is labelled simply 'Lachnus n.s. . . . Quetta', without specific name. For this reason I exclude these specimens from the type-series, although they appear to have formed part of the original sample. Das (1918 : 258-9, 266-7) records having examined in the Indian Museum part of the same material which had been sent to Buckton, and he found that it contained a mixture of the same two species. He suggests that there may have been some accidental mixing of samples which could account for the inclusion of the Salix- feeding salignus among the persicae taken from Prunus. He realised that most of Buckton's descriptions and all his figures relate to salignus, and he states, moreover, that in the course of his work on elucidating fuliginosus, he not only compared the Calcutta material with Buckton's published account, but also sent for 'the insect from Quetta', from which I infer that he may have had an opportunity to examine at least one of the specimens originally sent to Buckton. This supposition is strengthened by Theobald (1929 : 108) who writes 'Mr Laing has examined the type of Buckton's fuliginosus and finds it is undoubtedly this species [i.e. salignus]. Buckton's slides contain viminalis [= salignus] and persicae, so fuliginosus is really a composite species, but Das selected the type and sank it as a synonym of viminalis.' Although Theobald's statement implies the existence of a type of fuliginosus, I can find no evidence that a type designation was ever published, or even contem- plated. None of the specimens now in the BMNH bears any type-label or equivalent indication, and although Dr A. P. Kapur, at my request, has kindly searched the BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 57 collections in the Zoological Survey of India, which hold type-material of some of Buckton's Indian aphid species, fuliginosus seems not to be among them. If in fact one of Buckton's specimens was sent to Das for examination, it would most probably have been the alate female of salignus, mounted by Laing singly on slide J97, rather than the nymph on 198, or the two apterae of salignus and one of persicae on 196. In the belief that this alata is the specimen most likely to have been the subject of Theobald's statement quoted above, I designate it here as lectotype of Lachnus fuliginosus Buckton. Schizoneura fuliginosa Buckton Schizolachnus pineti (Fabricius) Aphis pineti Fabricius, 1781 : 389. Aphis tomentosa Villers, 1789 : 549. Schizoneura fulginosa Buckton, 1881 : 96; pi. 107, figs 1-6. Glyphina pilosa Buckton, 1883 : 16. Schizolachnus tomentosus (Villers) Mordvilko, 1909 : 375, Swain, 1921 : 212, Theobald, 1929 : 161. Schizolachnus pineti (F.) Borner, 1952 : 40 LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere, Weycombe. Pinus nigra var. austriaca. Undated. (Buckton). (194). Paralectotypes : i apterous viviparous female, 2 larvae ('29.x.'), 2 larvae, undated. Data as lectotype. (193, 195}- BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata : body length 2-38 mm, antennal flagellum 0-86 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 49 : 20 : 20 : 18, secondary rhinaria on III 8, siphuncular diameter 0-07 mm, ultimate rostral segment 0-14 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-26 mm, articular dia- meter of ant. seg. Ill 24^1, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 140^, on hind femur 200^, on hind tibia 200[Z. Paralectotype, aptera: body length 2-28 mm, ant. flag. 0-64 mm, ratios segs III-VI 34 : 16 : 14 : 17, siph. diam. 0-04 mm, ult. rost. seg. 0-14 mm, second seg. hind tarsus 0-27 mm, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill 32^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill i2O(ji, on hind femur 140^, on hind tibia Buckton describes and figures the adult aptera and alata, and also the nymph, a morph which is not included among his specimens. Figure 3, said to be an apterous male, appears to have been drawn from a young larva on 195. His descriptions and figures agree tolerably well with the corresponding specimens. Siphonophora rosae var. glauca Buckton = Macrosiphum rosae (L.) Buckton, 1876 : 109; pi. 3, figs 1-3, 5-7. There are no slides named glauca in the Buckton Collection and no indication in the published text of the characters Buckton uses to distinguish glauca from rosae L. His original drawings carry no manuscript notes, but resemble rosae so closely in appearance that I agree with Borner (1952 : 293) in regarding glauca as a synonym of rosae L. 58 J. P. DONCASTER Myzus gracilis Buckton = Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) Buckton, 1876 : 176; pi. 34, figs 4, 5. (For synonymy, see Doncaster, 1961 : 58.) LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Surrey, Shottermill. Acer pseudoplatanus. xi. (year ?). (Buckton). (210*). Paralectotype: alate male. Data as lectotype. (2100.*}. BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: body length 2-80 mm, antennal flagellum not measur- able (both incomplete), ratios of segments Ill-base VI 73 : 48 : 46 : 22 + ?, secondary rhinaria on III 21, siphunculus 0-41 mm, cauda 0-23 mm, caudal hairs 9, ultimate rostral segment o-n mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-17 mm, eighth tergite with 4 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 32(jL, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill i2(z, on hind femur 24^, on hind tibia 40^, on eighth tergite 55^. Buckton describes and figures the alate viviparous female and alate male, which he records as having been taken on sycamore 'in company with Chaitophorus aceris' in November. (In the legend to the plate the male, fig. 4, is mistakenly ascribed to ribis.) Buckton's original slide, named Myzus gracilis, contained the alate female and alate male, which correspond with his text and figures and which I regard as his types, together with four larvae of Periphyllus acericola (Walker). All have been remounted. Rhizobius graminis Buckton = Aploneura lentisci (Passerini) Tetraneura lentisci Passerini, 1856 : 264. Aploneura lentisci (Passerini) Passerini, 1863 : 201. [Tychea eragrostidis (Passerini ?) Buckton, 1883 : 89, partim. Misidentification.] Rhizobius poae Buckton, 1883 : 93, nee Thomas, C. A., 1879 : 166. Rhizobius graminis Buckton, 1883: note below legends to pi. 129. Tycheoides eragrostidis Schouteden, 19060 : 194. Neorhizobius poae del Guercio, 1917 : 247. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Northumberland, Cheviot Hills. Poa annua roots. Undated. (Hardy ?). (358}. Paralectotypes : 7 apterous viviparous females. Data as lectotype. (358). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 1-56 mm, whole antenna 0-25 mm, ratios of segments I-V 14 : 15 : 10 : 10 : 29, ultimate rostral segment 0-085 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-080 mm, longest hair on antenna i2(i, on hind femur 14(1, on hind tibia 14^, on eighth tergite 24(1, on cauda 24^. Buckton first describes this species as Rhizobius poae in the fourth volume of his monograph, but after the text had been printed he discovered that the name had already been published by Cyrus Thomas for an American species in 1879. He therefore concedes priority to poae Thomas and substitutes graminis for his own species in a note added below the figure legends for plate 129. Buckton's slide (358, still labelled 'poae} contains eight apterous females of Aploneura lentisci (Passerini) and four apterae of a Pemphigus species, all reasonably well preserved. He figures both these species, lentisci in figs 9 and n, and the BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 59 Pemphigus in 10 and 12. The original sketch for fig. 9 is a careful and accurate drawing of the adult aptera of lentisci, and his published description corresponds closely with it. The sketch of the Pemphigus is rough and shows the ventral aspect only. I therefore place graminis Buckton as a synonym of lentisci Passerini. Buckton's sketch for figure 9 can be matched fairly closely with one of the specimens of lentisci on 358, and this I regard as Buckton's type of graminis. The mixture of species on Buckton's slide and in his figures of graminis led Theobald (1929 : 213, 262, 265) to synonymize graminis with auriculae Murray (Pemphigus) and also, doubtfully, with lentisci. Records by Theobald (1915 : 151), Willcocks (1922 : 58, 1925 : 122) and Hall (1926 : 47) of graminis Buckton on roots of Gramineae in Egypt all refer to lentisci. Pemphigus immunis Buckton [Pemphigus bursarius (L.); Passerini, 1863 : 198, Courchet, 1879 : 49, 93, pi. 5, fig. 4, Buckton, 1881 : pi. 113, figs 6-8, Kessler, 1882: pi. i, figs 2-5, Lichtenstein, 1885: pi. 3, figs i, 2, 1886 : 26, del Guercio, 1900 : 98. Misidentifications.] Pemphigus immunis Buckton, 1896 : 51. Pemphigus lichtensteini Tullgren, 1909 : 148. Pemphigus globulosus Theobald, 1915 : 147. [Pemphigus napaeus Buckton; Tseng & Tao, 1936 : 168, Takahashi, 1938 : 14. Misidentifica- tions.] Lectotype (designated by Doncaster, 1969 : 159) : alate viviparous female (fundatrigenia migrans). INDIA, Kashmir, Gilgit Road, Bunji. c. 1400 m. Populus leuphratica. 2.vii.i895. (Alcock). (BMNH 2x7*). Paralectotypes : i alate viviparous female (fragmentary), 4 nymphs. Data as lectotype. (BMNH 2x7*, 279*). i alate viviparous female, 5 nymphs, 2 larvae (some fragmentary). Data as lectotype. (Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 7262/H7*, 7263/H7*). I have already dealt elsewhere (Doncaster, 1969) with Buckton's Indian material of immunis, including descriptions of lectotype and paralectotypes. It is interesting to note that when Buckton described immunis as new in 1896 he already had material of this species in his collection and had included in his mono- graph figures of the fundatrix, the antenna of the alate migrant, and the gall (Buckton, 1881 : pi. 113, figs 6-8). The specimens had been sent to him from Montpellier by Lichtenstein who believed them to be bursarius, and some of them that Buckton mounted, including those he drew, are still extant, though not the gall. The aphids comprise a fundatrix, whole specimens and fragments of eight or nine nymphs, and an alate migrant (j8a*, ?8b*, 79). In Buckton's published description of bursarius (1881 : 117), and his figures of it on plate in, based on British material, he is correct in his identifications of specimens and galls, but includes his figures of immunis in a subsequent plate (113) and repeats Lichtenstein's error in ascribing them to bursarius. Buckton's original sketch of the gall of immunis gives a better impression of its colour, texture and position on the twig than the published lithograph. 60 J. P. DONCASTER Though widely distributed throughout the palaearctic and temperate oriental regions, immunis has not hitherto been recorded in Britain. Aphis instabilis Buckton = Brachycaudus cardui (L.) Aphis cardui L., 1758 : 452. (Linnaeus left no aphid types.) Aphis instabilis Buckton, 1879 : 94; pi. 68, figs 1-5. Syn. n. LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere, Weycombe. Matricaria inodora. i8.vi.(year ?). (Buckton). (220). Paralectotypes : 3 alate viviparous females, 9 nymphs, i larva. Data as lectotype. (220). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: Body length 1-56 mm, antennal flagellum 1-46 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 58 : 38 : 28 : 14 + 46, secondary rhinaria on III 30, siphunculus 0-30 mm, cauda 0-12 mm, caudal hairs 6, ultimate rostral segment 0-19 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-14 mm, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 26(i, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill i2[z, on hind femur 22 [i, on hind tibia 3O[x, on eighth tergite 50^. Buckton describes the apterous viviparous female, two varieties of the nymph, and the alate female of instabilis, which he collected from Pyrethrum inodorum (now Matricaria inodora) and also Epilobium montanum and E. parviflorum. His manu- script notes suggest that material from both Matricaria and Epilobium was collected at Weycombe, but in his published account he mentions having received material from Epilobium from Barrett in Pembroke. Buckton's figures, and especially his original sketches, suggest that instabilis is based on at least two species, but his data are confusing. There are no specimens named instabilis in Buckton's collection. There is, however, a slide (220), unnamed but labelled 'Pyrethrum. June.' in Buckton's hand, which Theobald examined and believed to contain instabilis. It contains alatae, nymphs and a larva of Brachycaudus cardui (L.), correctly identified by Laing who, however, in a note on the slide envelope, doubted whether they were in fact instabilis. Nevertheless, Buckton's drawing of the nymph in figure 3 and that of the larger and darker of the two alatae (figure 4) seem to relate to his MS notes on specimens from Matricaria, dated June 18, in which case the alatae and nymphs of cardui on 220 could supply the models, as Theobald surmised. But the alata in figure 5, said to be newly emerged, is clearly something different. Apart from its pale green colour, its cauda is too big for cardui and, in the original, though not the reproduced figure, marginal tubercles are clearly indicated on the seventh abdominal segment, characters which suggest that it may have been either a vagrant, or taken from among material from Epilobium. Buckton's drawings of the aptera (perhaps drawn from a larva the measurements he gives are small for an adult) and 'var. i' of the nymph (figures i and 2) certainly do not look like cardui and could well be of an Epilobium-ieeding aphid. He describes the siphunculi of both morphs as pale, and notes the presence in the aptera of two small tubercles on the antepenultimate abdominal segment: characters which also could be appropriate to such species. But although specimens of some Epilobium- feeders occur in Buckton's collection, they include none that I can relate with BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 61 any confidence to instabilis. There is one slide ( 163) labelled 'Epilobium. Pembroke. ', containing apterae and alatae of grossulariae Kaltenbach, which I believe to be mater- ial sent by Barrett, but I regard these as the types oipenicillata Buckton for reasons given below (p. 76). Since the only specimens that can clearly be related to instabilis are those from Matricaria, I place instabilis as a synonym of cardui L. Theobald quotes Buckton's description of instabilis twice, once under Aphis (1927 : 214) and again under Anut -aphis (1927 : 289), but does not recognize it as cardui. Borner (1952 : 231) thinks it likely to be an Epilobium-feeding species but does not identify it. Rhizobius jujubae Buckton Buckton, 1883 : 181, 18996 : 277. Laing (1923 : 247) identifies jujubae Buckton as '. . . a very young and immature species belonging to the Monophlebinae' (Margarodidae) . The single slide of jujubae, labelled simply 'Zizyphusjujuba, India' in Buckton's hand, is in the Coccoidea collections of the BMNH. Aphis lentiginis Buckton = Dysaphis (Pomaphis) plantaginea (Passerini) Aphis pyri Hartig, 1841 : 369, nee Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 : 189. [Aphis malifolii sensu auctt. nee Fitch, 1855 : 49. Misidentifications.] Myzus plantagineus Passerini, 1860 : 31, 35. [No type exists 2 .] Myzus mali Ferrari, 18726 : 221. [Aphis mali F. ; Buckton, 1879 : 45, partim. Misidentification.] Aphis lentiginis Buckton, 1879 : 59, pi. 55, fig. i. Syn. n. [Dentatus sorbi (Kaltenbach) van der Goot, 1915 : 177. Misidentification.] Anuraphis roseus Baker, 1920 : 5. Dentatus plumbicolor Nevsky, 1929 : 287. Sappaphis plantaginea (Passerini) Hille Ris Lambers, 1945 : 58, 1948 : 287, Stroyan, 19570 : passim. Sappaphis mali (Ferrari) Borner, 1952 : 98. Dysaphis (Pomaphis) plantaginea (Passerini) Stroyan, 1963: passim. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female (fundatrigenia). Sussex, Horsham, Cowfold. Pyrus communis. 8.vi.(year ?). (Borrer). (373d*}. Paralectotypes : 3 apterous viviparous females. Data as lectotype. (J7J*, &*, c*). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 2-42 mm, antennal flagellum 1-89 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 58 : 42 : 27 : 13 -f- 49, siphunculus 0-37 mm, cauda 0-14 mm, caudal hairs 6, ultimate rostral segment 0-15 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-14 mm, eighth tergite with 5 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 34^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill I$\L, on hind femur 34^, on hind tibia 46(1., on eighth tergite 76(x. Buckton describes and figures the apterous and a late viviparous females of lentiginis, said to have been taken on pear in early June. His manuscript notes on 2 See Stroyan, 1957^ : 25. 62 J. P. DONCASTER the original sketches are dated 8 June. There are no specimens named lentiginis among Buckton's slides, but a slide (373) labelled 'A. Pyraria. Cowfold. On Pear.' contained apterous and alate specimens (now remounted) which agree closely with his description and figures and which I believe to be his types of lentiginis. They are four adult fundatrigeniae of a Dysaphis species, either identical with or closely related to plantaginea (Passerini), and three alatae of Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker). The four apterae are well preserved and were identified on the original slide by both Laing and Theobald as Anur aphis roseus Baker (= plantaginea Passerini), though neither connected them with lentiginis. Stroyan's (1957) keys for the identification of Dysaphis species bring one to the same conclusion, but doubts arise if one accepts Buckton's record that the aphids were taken on pear, since plantaginea is confined to apple as primary host. If pear was indeed the host there might be grounds for regarding lentiginis as a 'good' species, since I know of no Dysaphis species resembling lentiginis that has been recorded on pear in England. It would be tempting to put forward the possibility that lentiginis may be the primary host form of gallica Hille Ris Lambers, a Dysaphis species closely similar in micromorphology to plantaginea, the primary host of which is not at present known. But this would seem unlikely since Hille Ris Lambers ( X 955 : 39) failed in attempts to establish autumn migrants of gallica on pear. Buckton names his species lentiginis on account of two coloured areas on the dorsum surrounding the bases of the siphunculi. He mentions them twice, describing them first as 'conspicuous orange-yellow spots' and later as 'rusty blotches'. In his original sketch of the aptera they are shown as dull coppery red, but in the reproduced figure they are coloured bright yellow. The apterae of some species of Dysaphis do have reddish or brownish areas at the base of the siphunculi which might be matched with the dull red in Buckton's sketch, but I know of none in which these areas are orange or yellow. Buckton's inconsistency on this point may well raise doubts as to the usefulness of these areas taxonomically, at least in the case of lentiginis. Moreoever, Dr F. Leclant tells me (in correspondence) that their presence in other species is variable and that he has noticed them in specimens that are about to moult. There seems in fact to be no reliable support for the view that lentiginis might be a 'good' species apart from Buckton's host record, which cannot be substantiated. Buckton's host identifications are often unreliable and in this instance, moreover, there is added uncertainty in that he did not collect the material himself, but received it from his friend Borrer at Cowfold. I therefore place lentiginis Buckton as a synonym of plantaginea Passerini. Siphonophora longipennis Buckton = Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) Buckton, 1876 : 146; plate 20 bis. (For synonymy, see Doncaster, 1961 : 58.) LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Norfolk, Norwich. Poa annua. i.xi.(year ?). (Barrett). (270*). BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 63 Paralectotypes : i alate male, i nymphal male. Data as lectotype. (270*). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: body length 2-70 mm, both antennae from middle of segment III to apex missing, siphunculus 0-38 mm, cauda 0-24 mm, caudal hairs 13, ultimate rostral segment o-n mm, second segment of hind tarsus not measurable (both tarsi malformed), eighth tergite with 7 hairs, longest hair on hind femur 30(1., on hind tibia 35(4. Buckton describes the apterous and alate viviparous females, the nymph and the alate male but figures only the last three morphs. The only specimens named longipennis by him consist of an alate viviparous female, an alate and a nymphal male of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and an alate viviparous female of Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The slide is labelled 'Poa annua. Nov. i.', which agrees with the heading to the manuscript notes on Buckton's original sketches, where the locality is given as Norwich and the collector Barrett. These notes describe only the morphs figured, of which the alate female and nymph are doubtless taken from those morphs on 270. But although an alate male of dirhodum is present in the sample, Buckton's description and figure of the male longipennis relate to the alate female of persicae. The characteristically porrected antennal tubercles and abdominal markings of persicae, mentioned in his description, are clearly depicted in the original sketch (though less clearly in the reproduction), and the published measurement of siphuncular length agrees better with that specimen than with the male dirhodum. I choose the alate female as lectotype of longipennis, which name has already been widely accepted as a synonym of dirhodum (Walker). Theobald (1913 : 118) places longipennis Buckton in Macrosiphum. He gives a fuller description of the apterous viviparous female, from Poa annua in Cumberland, but quotes Buckton's account of the other morphs. He moves longipennis into Myzus in his monograph (Theobald, 1926 : 354). Hille Ris Lambers, who saw Theobald's material of longipennis, but not Buckton's, identified it with dirhodum (H.R.L., 1933 : 175), and subsequent authors have done likewise. Siphonophora lutea Buckton = Macrosiphum (Sitobion) luteum (Buckton) (PI. 5, fig. 63; Text-figs 36-40) Siphonophora lutea Buckton, 1876 : 119; pi. 8, figs 1-4. Macrosiphum luteum (Buckton) Schouteden, 1901 : 114. Macrosiphoniella lutea (Buckton) del Guercio, 1911 : 332. Macrosiphum luteum (Buckton); Theobald, 1913 : 82. Macrosiphum luteum (Buckton); Laing, 1919 : 273. Macrosiphoniella lutea (Buckton) ; Theobald, 1926 : 169. Macrosiphum (Sitobion) luteum (Buckton); Hille Ris Lambers, 1939 : 118. Macrosiphum luteum (Buckton); Wolcott, 1948 : 155. Sitobium (Sitobium) luteum (Buckton) Borner, 1952 : 164. Macrosiphum (Sitobium) luteum (Buckton) Ossiannilsson, 1959 : 494. Sitobion luteum (Buckton) ; Smith et al., 1963 : 88. Macrosiphum (Sitobion) luteum (Buckton); Kloet & Hincks, 1964 (I) : 82. Macrosiphum (Sitobion) luteum (Buckton); Eastop, 1966 : 458. Macrosiphum(Sitobion) luteum (Buckton); Mamet, 1967 : 63. Macrosiphum (Sitobion) luteum (Buckton); Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1968 : 184. 6 4 J. P. DONCASTER LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Orchidaceae. 22.1. (year ?). (Smee). (271*). Surrey, Carshalton. Paralectotypes : (2yia*, 2 jib*}. i apterous viviparous female, i nymph. Data as lectotype. Alate viviparous female. (Plate 5, fig. 63; Text-figs 36-40). Colour of macerated specimen: the insect shows signs of being teneral and is uniformly pale, with only very slight darkening of lateral abdominal sclerites, muscle-plates, siphunculi and femoral apices. Morphology: body about 2 -5 mm long, slender, nearly three times as long as broad. Head smooth, antennal tubercles distinct but not prominent. Cephalic hairs sparse, up to 2O[i long, with blunt or slightly expanded apices. Antennal segments I and II smooth except for a few scattered spinules on the ventral surface, remaining segments lightly imbricated; III with 12 and 16 circular secondary rhinaria arranged in line over a little more than three-quarters of the segment ; antennal hairs blunt, short, reaching about i6[ji on III, i.e. a little less than half its articular diameter; processus terminalis about 5-5 times as long as base of segment VI ; the whole flagellum about equal to the body length; ratios of segments III to VI 56 : 53 : 47 : 15 + 85. Rostrum about 0-65 mm in length, apical segment bluntly triangular, 0-12 mm long, scarcely longer than 36 37 FIGS 36-40. Macrosiphum (Sitobiori) luteum (Buckton). Lectotype: Fig. 36. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Fig. 37. Antennal segments II I-VI. Fig. 38. Apex of rostrum (penultimate segment fractured). Fig. 39. Siphunculus. Fig. 40. Cauda. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 65 second segment of hind tarsus and with six non-apical hairs. Legs long and slender; hind femur about one-third of body length, with sparse, small, spiny hairs reaching i8(i in length; tibial hairs similar, more numerous, up to 3051 long. Fore tarsi missing; first segments of middle and hind tarsi each with three hairs. Three pairs of lateral abdominal sclerites are visible on segments II to V, each more or less oval, furnished with a few spinules and one small papilla; also present on each side are a small antesiphuncular sclerite and a large postsiphuncular sclerite. Paired muscle-plates occur on I-VI. Abdominal tergum smooth, hairs sparse, short up to i8(j. on the median area blunt or with slightly expanded apices ; eighth tergite with four hairs, the longest about 32[z. Siphunculi 0-45 mm long, broad at the base which is 3-4 times the narrowest diameter, and tapering towards the slightly flared apex ; reticulated over the apical one-fifth to one-quarter, the remainder with a few imbrications and small groups of spinules. Cauda elongate, 0-25 mm long, slender, a little more than half as long as the siphunculi, with eight hairs. Apterous viviparous female. This specimen, like the alata, has suffered in remounting, many of the appendages having become detached and some of their extremities lost. It appears to be more mature, with colour characters more pronounced, than the lectotype. Antennal segment III, except for its very base, is dark sclerotic, and the subsequent segments become progressively paler. Also dark sclerotic are the siphunculi and middle and hind femoral apices; the tibiae are paler. The characteristic oval, dark sclerotic patch on the abdominal dorsum between segments I and V shows clearly. NOTES. Buckton describes the apterous viviparous female, nymph and alata. His manuscript notes give the date 22 January but add nothing further to his published data. In this instance his published figures render the colours and forms of his original sketches reasonably faithfully. His sketch of the alata, presumably drawn from life and perhaps from a specimen more mature than the lectotype, shows the siphunculi black, and the antennae, apices of femora and tibiae, and the tarsi dark. He indicates what appear to be darkened muscle-plates but shows no lateral abdominal sclerites. A full account of luteum is given by Hille Ris Lambers (1939 : 118). Lachnus macrocephalus Buckton = Cinara pinicola (Kaltenbach) Buckton, 1881 : 48; pi. 97, figs i, 2. LECTOTYPE here designated: alate male. West Sussex, Bramshott. Picea abies. Bred from nymph 26.vii.(year ?). (274). Paralectotypes : i alate male, i nymph. Data as lectotype. (274). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alate male (abdomen shrivelled): body length 1-62 mm, antennal flagellum 0-96 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 56 : 21 : 22 : 21, siphuncular pore diameter 0-05 mm, basal diameter 0-21 mm, ultimate two rostral segments 0-27 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-32 mm, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 2Ojx, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 8o\j., on vertex jO[i, on hind femur go[i, on hind tibia 15010.. Buckton describes the apterous viviparous female, nymph and alate male, but figures only the two latter morphs under the name macrocephalus. He records (p. 50) that apterae were sent to him from spruce at Walthamstow in June and that he found the same aphid in July at Bramshott, also on spruce. Winged males from the Bramshott sample matured on 26 July. His sheet of sketches contains drawings of an apterous female, ascribed to Walker and dated June 29, which I take to be one of 66 J. P. DONCASTER the Walthamstow specimens, and also sketches of an alate male and a nymph, described in his MS notes as 'numerous July 20 on the spruce fir, Bramshott'. The sketches of nymph and alata have been used for the figures of macrocephalus (figs i and 2), but the sketch of the aptera is used for figure 3, on the same plate, to illustrate pini L., and again for figure i, plate 5, in his subsequent paper (Buckton, 1886) where he deals with the same species. Buckton's original slide (274), labelled 'Lachnus macrocephala. Bramshot.' (sic) contains two alate males, a nymph and an ovipara of Cinara pinicola (Kaltenbach) . One of the alate males and the nymph are doubtless the models for the two figures of macrocephalus, but I strongly suspect that the ovipara has been made to play a double role. The close correspondence of its characters and measurements with the published description suggest that it formed the basis for the 'apterous viviparous female' of macrocephalus. At the same time its attitude closely resembles that of the sketch for figure 3, which is drawn on the same sheet with macrocephalus and was perhaps at first accepted by Buckton as that species, but a pencilled note beside it suggests that he changed his mind and later referred it to pini L. This, and its ascription to Walker, lead me to exclude this specimen from the type-series and to choose as lectotype an alate male from the Bramshott sample. Chaitophorus maculatus Buckton = Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (Text-fig. 41) Calliptevus trifolii Monell, 1882 : 14. Chaitophorus maculatus Buckton, 18996 : 277. Callipterus genevei Sanborn, 1904 : 38. Callipterus trifolii Monell; Davis, 19146 : 17. [Callipterus ononidis (Kaltenbach) Theobald, 1915 : 134. Misidentification.] Callipterus trifolii Monell; Das, 1918 : 244. [Therioaphis ononidis (Kaltenbach) ; Theobald, 1927 : 364.] [Therioaphis ononidis (Kaltenbach) ; Nevsky, 1929 : 316.] [Myzocallis ononidis (Kaltenbach); Hottes & Prison, 1931 : 258.] Myzocallis trifolii (Monell) Gillette & Palmer, 1931 : 892. Myzocallis trifolii (Monell); Tseng & Tao, 1936 : 161. Therioaphis collina Borner, 1942 : 273. Pterocallidium maculatum (Buckton) Borner, 1949 : 49, 1952 : 63. Pterocallidium lydiae Borner, 1949 : 49, 1952 : 63. Pterocallidium propinquum Borner, 1949 : 49, 1952 : 63. Pterocallidium trifolii (Monell) Quednau, 1954 : 35- Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) ; Dickson et al., 1955 : 93- Pterocallidium trifolii (Monell); Pintera, 1956 : 121. Pterocallidium trifolii (Monell); Borner & Heinze, 1957 : 87. Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata (Buckton) Dickson, 1959 : 63. Pterocallidium trifolii (Monell) ; Ossiannilsson, 1959 : 400. Therioaphis trifolii (Monell); Hille Ris Lambers & van den Bosch, 1964 : 36-40. Therioaphis trifolii (Monell); Richards, 1965 : 96. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. INDIA, Rajasthan, BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 67 Jodhpur, Marwar. Medicago sativa. 1.1897. (Collector ?). (Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, no. 6765/117^).) Paralectotypes : 3 apterous, 4 alate viviparous females, 3 larvae. Data as lecto- type. (Z.S.I, nos 6765/1*7(0, c), 6766/H7(a-c), 6767/117^-6).) Apterous viviparous female. (Text-fig. 41). Colour : nearly all traces of pigmentation lost during storage. Morphology: body oval, 1-66-1-83 mm l n g> about twice as long as broad. Head smooth, antennal tubercles absent, median frontal tubercle prominent, situated between two rather slender, slightly capitate hairs 0-33 mm long; above these a pair of stouter hairs of the same length ; vertex with two stout hairs anteriorly and four shorter ones in a line parallel with the posterior border of the head. Antennal segment I smooth with three fine, acute, very short (14(1) hairs; II smooth with one similar hair; III sparsely spinulose, slightly thickened on basal two-fifths part which bears 6-8 round or transversely oval rhinaria with thick rims. Hairs on III scarcely discernible, apparently acute, 8-iojji long, i.e. up to about half the articular diameter of the segment. No adult specimen among those examined has a complete antenna : that of a last-stage nymph (on same slide as lectotype) has length ratios of segments III-VI 100 : 59^ : 61 : 41^ + 40. Rostrum short, reaching only slightly beyond the fore coxae, apical segment 0-085 mm l n g. bluntly conical, about two-thirds as long as second segment of hind tarsus. Legs normal, except fore coxae which are very large, nearly i times as wide at base as middle and hind coxae. Femoral hairs acute, short (i2-i6[z), tibial hairs acute, longer (35-40^ maximally). First tarsal segments with seven hairs, two dorsal and five ventral. Dorsal body hairs from about 35[z to 62pi long, the majority about 50^, with stout cylindrical stem, apex expanded, fan-shaped in outline. Abdominal tergites with one pair each of spinal, pleural and marginal hairs ; an accessory spinal hair is present on each of tergites I-V, giving seven hairs per tergite; VI has six hairs, VII has five, and VIII has four. Siphunculi short (0-05 mm), smooth, without flange. Cauda 0-15-0-19 mm long, knob oval, with 9-12 hairs. Alate viviparous female. Colour : all pigment lost except in lateral abdominal sclerites, which are brownish, and the stigma of the fore wing, which shows faint traces of pigmentation. Morphology: similar to aptera, but dorsal body hairs shorter; of those that are present and measurable, most are about half as long as the corresponding hairs in the aptera. Lateral sclerites present on abdominal segments I I-V, rounded, slightly protuberant, those on II scabrous, wart-like. Antennal segment III with 6-8 secondary rhinaria on basal part, occupying from 0-42 to 0-44 of its total length. NOTES. The morphological similarities between maculata Buckton and the yellow clover aphid, Therioaphis tnfolii (Monell), are so close that most authors from Davis (1914) onwards have regarded the two species as identical. Dickson (1959), however, found characters by which he could separate populations of yellow clover aphid (YCA) on Trifolium spp. from populations of what had come to be known as spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA) on Medicago spp. in North America, and proposed that the latter aphid should be called maculata Buckton. The two characters which Dickson used to distinguish SAA from YCA were the area of the third antennal segment occupied by secondary rhinaria (less than half in SAA, more than half in YCA), and the presence (in SAA) or absence (in YCA) of dark sclerotic 'dashes' on the underside of the abdomen. Miss L. M. Russell, who had examined some of Buckton's type material from Calcutta, confirmed, in a letter quoted by Dickson (1959), that the sensoriation of antennal segment III in maculata agreed with that of North American SAA, and comparison of the ventral sclerotization showed that the 'dashes', though much bleached from long storage, were present but smaller and narrower than those of North American specimens. In the lectotype and paralectotypes of maculata, which 68 J. P. DONCASTER FIG. 41 . Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (maculata Buckton) . Lectotype : whole insect to show dorsal chaetotaxy, etc. (Right fore tibia and tarsus and smaller hairs omitted.) BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 69 I have examined but which Miss Russell did not see, the sensoriation of antennal segment III agrees with the specimens she did examine and with Dickson's SAA, but in none can I discern any sign of ventral 'dashes', even in alatae. This does not prove their absence, but could be due partly to bleaching and partly to many of the finer cuticular structures being obscured by contained embryos. Hille Ris Lambers and Van den Bosch (1964) sum up our present knowledge on this subject in the light of information gained from breeding and transfer experiments. They conclude that although Dickson's characters are valid for separating YCA and SAA in North America, where the entire populations of both aphids may each have sprung from single introduced individuals or clones, these differences fall well within the normal limits of variability of trifolii alone in other parts of the world. YCA and SAA are thus merely two varieties of trifolii Monell, under which name maculata Buckton falls as a synonym. Hyalopterus melanocephalus Buckton = Hayhurstia cucubali (Passerini) Aphis cucubali Passerini, 1863 : 170, nee Linnaeus, 1746 : 218. Aphis silenea Ferrari, 1872^ : 72. Hyalopterus melanocephalus Buckton, 1879 : 116; pi. 77, figs 5-7. Hyalopterus melanocephalus Buckton; Theobald, 1927 : 30. Semiaphis cucubali (Passerini) Hille Ris Lambers, 1934 : 2 5- Brachycolus melanocephalus (Buckton) Hille Ris Lambers, 1950 : 41. Hayhurstia cadiva (Walker) Borner, 1952 : 109. Hayhurstia cucubali (Passerini) Kloet & Hincks, 1964 (I) : 76. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Norfolk, Norwich, Brandon. Silene cucubalus (syn. inflata}. I3.viii.(year ?). (Barrett ?). (283). Paralectotypes : i apterous viviparous female, 2 nymphs, 2 larvae. Data as lectotype. (283). 5 apterous, 2 alate viviparous females. Surrey, Haslemere, Weycombe. Silene cucubalus. vii.(year ?). (Buckton). (282*). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 1-50 mm, antennal flagellum 0-64 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 25 : n : 12 : n + 21, siphunculus 0-06 mm, cauda 0-14 mm, caudal hairs 7, ultimate rostral segment 0-08 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-12 mm, eighth tergite with 5 (?) hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill i6pL, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill iO(z, on hind femur i6\i, on hind tibia 30(1., on eighth tergite 26^. Buckton records melanocephalus from Haslemere and Brandon, near Norwich. His manuscript notes indicate that he received the Brandon material first, and took from it an aptera and a nymph as models for figures 5 and 6. These are dated 13 August, and the specimens were probably collected by Barrett. Buckton's description and sketch of the alata are based on specimens he took subsequently at Haslemere. All his material is cucubali Passerini. Siphonophora menthae Buckton = Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) Buckton, 1876 : 120; pi. 9, figs i, 2. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere. Mentha spicata (syn. viridis). vii.(year ?). (Buckton). (284^}. yo J. P. DONCASTER BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera : body length 2-60 mm, antennal flagellum not measurable (both process! incomplete), ratios of segments III-V 30 : 25 : 16 : ?, secondary rhinaria on III 2 and i, siphunculus 0-64 mm, cauda 0-25 mm, caudal hairs 7, ultimate rostral segment 0-15 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-13 mm, eighth tergite with 6 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 4Ojj,, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill iojz, on hind femur i8[L, on hind tibia 40(1, on eighth tergite 40^. Buckton's original slide of menthae contained two alatae and two larvae of Ovatus crataegarius (Walker), an alate Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and an apterous Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), all now remounted. He describes and figures the apterous and alate viviparous females of menthae. Both the figure of the aptera (fig. i) and Buckton's original sketch on which it is based show an aphid of form and colouring typical of Aulacorthum solani, and I have little doubt that the aptera from his slide is his type of the aptera of menthae. There is less certainty about the identity of the alata he described and figured, but there are indications pointing to its being persicae rather than crataegarius. The original sketch shows a predominantly green aphid with black antennae, siphunculi and lateral abdominal sclerites. The antennae are about the right proportionate length for persicae, the cauda is pale, and the siph- unculi are slightly but distinctly clavate. The abdomen, however, is without the dark dorsal patch and transverse bands characteristic of persicae. The published description, however, does mention 'some specimens' with 'disjointed transverse bars on the abdomen'. Subsequent authors have not unnaturally assumed that when he described menthae Buckton had before him the small pale aphid found on mint that Walker (1850) first described as crataegarius (and later (1852) also as menthae and melissae}. This assumption is supported by Theobald (1926 : 279), who knew that Buckton's slide contained crataegarius and who noted that it also contained an alate persicae and 'an apterous female Myzus sp.' (i.e. solani), but did not associate the latter two with Buckton's description and figures. Hille Ris Lambers was aware that Buckton's type of the apterous menthae was solani, and informed M. D. Leonard, who quoted the information in his paper on the distribution and habits of the mint aphid (Leonard, 1963 : 55). Kloet & Hincks (1964 (I) : 80) list menthae Buckton as a synonym of solani Kaltenbach. Siphonophora muralis Buckton = Dactynotus muralis (Buckton) (PI. 5, fig. 64; Text-figs 42-45) Siphonophora muralis Buckton, 1876 : 157; pi. 26, figs 1-4, 7. Macrosiphum muralis (Buckton) Theobald, 1913 : 70, 1926 : 91. Dactynotus muralis (Buckton) Hille Ris Lambers, 1939 : 26. Dactynotus muralis (Buckton); Borner, 1952 : 171. Dactynotus muralis (Buckton) ; Ossiannilsson, 1959 : 503. Dactynotus muralis (Buckton); Heie, 1960 : 194, 206. Dactynotus muralis (Buckton) ; Tashev, 1964 : 163. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere, Weycombe. Mycelis (syn. Lactuca] muralis. 30. vi. (year ?). (Buckton). (2880,*}. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 7> Paralectotypes : 2 alate viviparous females, i nymph, i larva. Data as lectotype. \288b*. c*. d*. 289). Apterous viviparous female. (Plate 5, fig. 64; Text-figs 42-45). (Description based on type only, an unusually large aptera with alatiform antennal sensoriation.) Colour of macerated specimen: head, rostrum most of antennae, pronotum and siphunculi dark brown. A large area on the mesonotum, the abdominal scleroites, anal and subgenital plates brown; apices of femora and tibiae, and the tarsi, more or less darkened. Remainder of body and appendages, including whole of cauda, pale. Morphology: body elongate-oval, 3-96 mm long, rather more than twice as long as broad. Head smooth with prominent antennal tubercles, dorsal hairs slender, with swollen apices, the longest reaching 55^. Antennal flagellum 0-9 of body length, ratios of segments III-VI 89 : 74 : 69 : 19 + 100; antennal hairs spiny, blunt, up to ^O\L long, not quite equal to articular diameter of third segment, which carries 40 rather small, round, secondary rhinaria distributed over nearly its whole length ; fourth segment with 6 and 7 rhinaria ; processus terminalis five times as long as base of sixth segment. Rostrum reaching to, or only slightly beyond, middle coxae, apical segment short (0-14 mm), blunt, with 8 non-apical hairs. Legs long and slender, hind femur with rather sparse hairs, variable in length, the longest about 48(jt; tibial hairs similar, reaching 50^1. First segments of tarsi with 5 hairs on all legs; second segment of hind tarsus 0-20 mm long. The dorsal abdominal hairs are nearly all carried singly on small scleroites ; the spinal hairs are duplicated on the anterior segments where their maximal length reaches about 45^; small lateral tubercles, each carried on a hair-bearing scleroite, are present on segments II-IV, or II-V; antesiphuncular sclerites are absent. Eighth tergite with 4 hairs, the longest about 70(1. Subgenital plate with 9 hairs along its posterior margin. Siphunculi 1-09 mm long, about one-quarter of the length of the body, cylindrical except for the expanded base, apical one-quarter reticulated, remainder lightly imbricated, flange small. Cauda 0-55 mm long, ensiform, slender, about three times as long as its basal width and half as long as the siphunculi, with 15 hairs. 43 44 0-5 FIGS 42-45. Dactynotus muralis (Buckton). Lectotype: Fig. 42. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Fig. 43. Siphunculus. Fig. 44. Cauda. Paratype, alata (288b) : Fig. 45. Apex of rostrum. 72 J. P. DONCASTER NOTES. Buckton describes and figures the apterous and alate viviparous females, the nymph, the alate male and the ovipara. The descriptions and figures of the first three morphs relate to muralis; those of the 'male' appear to be based on one of five alate females of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), which are included among Buckton's material of muralis, while the sketch of the 'ovipara' resembles a young larva of muralis present on 28g. His manuscript notes give the date as 30 June. Pemphigus napaeus Buckton Buckton, 1896 : 50. Lectotype (designated by Doncaster, 1969 : 160) : alate viviparous female, fundatrigenia. INDIA, Kashmir, Darkot Pass. c. 3,000 m. Populus sp. galls. (Date of collection and collector not known). (292*). Paralectotypes : fundatrix, nymph, 6 alate viviparous females. Data as lectotype. (290*, 297*, 2gia*, [29201*], 295*, 294*). I have already given an account of napaeus Buckton elsewhere (Doncaster, 1969 : 160). All the type material is in the BMNH except one alate fundatrigenia (2920) which is in the collection of Mr D. Hille Ris Lambers of Bennekom, Netherlands. Siphonophora olivata Buckton Dactynotus cirsii (Linnaeus) Aphis cirsii Linnaeus 1758 : 452, Goeze, 1778 : 299, Gmelin, 1790 : 2205. Aphis serratulae Kaltenbach, 1843 : 25. [Aphis sonchi Linnaeus; Walker, 1848(3 : 197 partim. Misidentification.] [Siphonophora cichorii Koch; Buckton, 1876 : 163 partim ? Misidentification.] Siphonophora olivata Buckton, 1876 : 164; pi. 29, figs 3, 4. Macrosiphum githargo Theobald, 1926 : 84 ? Dactynotiis marcatus Hille Ris Lambers, 19310 : 170. Dactynotus olivatus (Buckton) Hille Ris Lambers, 1933 : 170. Dactynotus cirsii (L.) Hille Ris Lambers, 1939 : 18. Dactynotus cirsii (L.); Borner, 1952 : 170. LECTOTYPE here designated : alate viviparous female. West Sussex, Linchmere. Cirsium vulgare (syn. Carduus lanceolatus). i4.viii.(year ?). (Buckton). (2g8a*}. Paralectotypes: 2 apterous, i alate viviparous females. Data as lectotype. (2g8b*, c*, d*}. BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: body length not measurable (that of paralectotype 2g8b is 4-20 mm), antennal flagellum not measurable (both processi incomplete), ratios of seg- ments Ill-base VI 59 : 45 : 39 : 9 + ?, secondary rhinaria on III 74, siphunculus 1-30 mm, cauda 0-68 mm, caudal hairs 27, ultimate rostral segment 0-25 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-21 mm, eighth tergite with 6 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 52^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 50^, on hind femur 65^, on hind tibia 65(1., on eighth tergite i2o;ji. Buckton describes and figures the apterous and alate viviparous females, collected on the flower stems of Carduus lanceolatus (now Cirsium vulgare) at Linchmere, BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 73 Sussex, in mid- August. There were originally two slides named olivata, one (297) containing apterae and larvae of Dactynotiis cirsii (L.) and labelled 'Carduus arvensis. Aberdeen.', and another (298) with two apterous and two alate females, also of cirsii, from Linchmere. Buckton's manuscript notes accompanying his sketches of olivata refer only to the Linchmere sample and give the date 14 August. There is no mention of specimens from Aberdeen. I assume therefore that his description and figures relate only to the specimens on 298. These could provide a model for the alate olivata, of which the characters given are consistent with those of cirsii, but not for the aptera, which Buckton describes and figures as having a black cauda, and the published measurements of which are too small for either of the apterae on 298 (or, for that matter, any of those in the Aberdeen sample). Buckton probably used for his model an aptera of another species which has since been lost. Theobald (1913 : 79, 1926 : 82), who redescribes the species as Macrosiphum olivatum, also states that the cauda of the aptera is black, but adds the observation (1926 : 84) that the cauda is black in the larva but pale at the base in the adult. He also found one colony in which the cauda in adult apterae was almost entirely black. This suggests that he had encountered a colony of Uromelan aenaeus Hille Ris Lambers and provides a possible clue to the identity of Buckton's aptera. (Buckton's sketch, moreover, may have been made from a larva: the cauda is too small for a typical adult, and this would account for the small dimensions given in his published account.) Borner (1952 : 170, 172) comes to the same conclusion, and includes olivata as a synonym partly of cirsii and parly of aenaeus. Kloet & Hincks (1964 : 82, 83) do likewise. Aphis opima Buckton = Brachycaudus cardui (L.) Buckton, 1879 : 101; pi. 71, figs 1-4. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere, Weycombe. Cineraria, in greenhouse. Undated. (Buckton). (301). Paralectotypes : 4 apterous viviparous females, 3 larvae. Data probably as lectotype. (299, 301) . 2 apterous viviparous females, I larva. Data as lectotype, but dated December. (303). 2 apterous, 3 alate viviparous females. Sussex, Chichester. Cineraria, in greenhouse. 3_vi.(year ?). (302). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 2-10 mm, antennal flagellum 1-32 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 49 : 32 : 24 : 13 + 49, siphunculus 0-27 mm, cauda o-n mm, caudal hairs 5 (?), ultimate rostral segment 0-19 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-13 mm, eighth tergite with 7 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 28^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill iO(z, on hind femur 2oy., on hind tibia 50^1, on eighth tergite Sept.. Buckton describes and figures the apterous and alate viviparous females which he took on Cineraria in greenhouses. There are four slides named opima by him (299, 301, 302, 303), containing several apterous and alate Brachycaudus cardui (L.) and a few Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Buckton's description of the aptera of opima includes an account of the later larval stages while the insect is still green, and one of these he illustrates in figure i (though calling it in the caption 'green variety of 74 J. P. DONCASTER apterous female'). Figure 2 shows the fully adult aptera with its dark pigmentation. These figures and that of the alata (fig. 3) are all consistent with the characters of cardui and can be matched with specimens of cardui on 299, 301 and 302. There is, however, no extant specimen of an early-stage larva which corresponds to the uncoloured sketch used in figure 4. Buckton records opima from Haslemere, Chichester and Wanstead. His notes and slide labels suggest that the apterae he described and figured came from his own greenhouse at Weycombe (April-September, 3 October, 30 November), the alatae were from Chichester (3 June), and a slide of Walker's, unnamed and labelled 'Cineraria. Walk., No. 2', which contains Myzus persicae, perhaps represents the Wanstead record. Theobald (1927 : 287) includes opima Buckton in Anur aphis and quotes Buckton's description in full. He mentions Buckton's specimens (on five slides, now numbers 299-505), which Laing had correctly identified as cardui and persicae, and concludes that Buckton's description of opima 'fits cardui perfectly well'. But Theobald mistakenly ascribes Buckton's figures of the immature aptera (fig. i) and the adult alata (fig. 3) of opima to persicae. Even in the reproduced figures the form and proportions of cauda and siphunculi alone would rule this out, while the original sketches show the typical macroscopic characters of cardui even more clearly and leave no room for doubt. Borner (1952 : 104) places opima as a synonym of cardui, as do Kloet & Hincks (1964 : 75). Aphis pedicularis Buckton = Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach, 1843 : 76. Aphis transiens Walker, 18496 : xliv. Aphis rhamni Koch, 1854 : 119, nee Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 : 177. [Aphis acetosae F. ; Koch, 1855 : 145. Misidentification.] Aphis pedicularis Buckton, 1879 : 41; pi. 48, figs 4, 5. Aphis polygoni van der Goot, 1912 : 80, nee Walker, 1848 : 2249. Aphis abbreviata Patch, 1912 : 170. Aphis acetosella Theobald, 1918 : 286 [Aphis solanina Passerini; Theobald, 1919 : 161. Misidentification.] Aphis githaginella Theobald, 1927 : 168. Aphis neopolygoni Theobald, 1927 : 160. Aphidula nasturtii (Kaltenbach) Borner, 1952 : 79. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Norfolk, fens. Pedicularis palustris. I4.vii.(year ?). (Collector not stated, perhaps Barrett}. (3120*}. Paralectotypes : 5 apterous viviparous females. Data as lectotype. (312). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 2-13 mm, antennal flagellum 0-90 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 29 : 21 : 19 : 14 + 29, siphunculus 0-28 mm, cauda 0-20 mm, caudal hairs 7, ultimate rostral segment o-n mm, second segment of hind tarsus o-io mm, eighth tergite with 2 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 22(z, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 14(1, on hind femur 45^1, on hind tibia 45^, on eighth tergite 45(x. Buckton describes and figures only the apterous viviparous female and young BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 75 larva. The single slide, named pedicularis in Buckton's hand, contained six adult apterae of what I take to be Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach. His original sketch records rather skilfully the rounded shape, yellow-green colour and matt-textured skin characteristic of this aphid. Endeis pellucida Buckton = Geoica eragrostidis (Passerini) Buckton, 1883 : 91; pi. 129, figs 2, 4. (For synonymy, see carnosa, p. 41.) LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Kent, Beckenham, in ants' nest. ^.1876 (or 7.11.1879). (Lubbock). (89*). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 1-26 mm, whole antenna 0-40 mm, ratios of antennal segments I-IV 8 : 9 : 20 : 13, ultimate rostral segment 0-16 mm, second segment of hind tarsus o-io mm. The viviparous female is described and Buckton's notes on the sheet of sketches indicate that his specimen was one of those sent by Lubbock from ants' nests. Two dates are written beside the sketch of pellucida: February, 1876, and 7 February, 1879, without indication as to which applies. Of five specimens labelled pellucida by Buckton, that which best fits his description, notes and figures is the larger of two apterous Geoica eragrostidis (Passerini) on 89, and this I believe to be his type. It differs from the type of carnosa (which is also eragrostidis) in having acute instead of flabellate hairs. Theobald (1929 : 197) refers to what he believed was Buckton's type of pellucida, but he quotes the label of ,377, the two specimens on which, though both eragrostidis, agree less closely with Buckton's data than the one I have chosen on 89. Moreover, the label of 89 and Buckton's sketch of pellucida are both marked ' No. i'. None of the specimens named pellucida has antennae 'with five nearly equal joints', as Buckton says in his description, and shows in his sketch and figure 4. Aphis penicillata Buckton = Aphis grossulariae Kaltenbach Aphis grossulariae Kaltenbach, 1843 : 67. [No type exists.] Aphis penicillata Buckton, 1879 : 51; pi. 51, figs 5, 6. Syn. n. Aphis penicillata Buckton; Theobald, 1927 : 212. Aphidula grossulariae (Kaltenbach) Borner, 1952 : 78. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Pembroke. Epilo- bium montanum. vii.(year ?). (Collector not stated, perhaps Barrett). (163*}. Paralectotypes : 4 apterous, 4 alate viviparous females. Data as lectotype. (i63a*, b*, c*). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 1-92 mm, antennal flagellum 0-88 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 26 : 19 : 19 : 14 + 32, siphunculus 0-30 mm, cauda 0-22 mm, caudal hairs 12, ultimate rostral segment 0-16 mm, second segment of hind tarsus o-io mm, eighth tergite with 2 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 2o\L, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 3051, on hind femur 55(z, on hind tibia 6o\L, on eighth tergite 50^, marginal tubercles present on abd. segs I-IV and VII, I-III and VII. 76 J. P. DONCASTER Paralectotype alata: body length 2-30 mm, ant. flag. 1-18 mm, ratios segs III-VI 40 : 26 : 24 : !8 + 39, secondary rhinaria on III u, on IV 4, on V i, siph. 0-30 mm, cauda 0-21 mm, caudal hairs 13, ult. rost. seg. 0-14 mm, second seg. hind tarsus o-io mm, eighth tergite with 2 hairs, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill 2Ofj., longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 32(x, on hind femur 50^, on hind tibia 5O(jt, on eighth tergite 60^, marginal tubercles present on abd. segs I-V and VII, I-III and VII. Buckton describes the apterous and alate viviparous females from specimens taken at Pembroke in July and subsequently at Haslemere. I believe his types of penicillata to be five apterae and four alatae of Aphis grossulariae Kaltenbach originally mounted on 16 3, which was at first labelled simply ' Epilobium . Pembroke . s/ in Buckton's hand, and later named 'Aphis epilobii (8i)D.C. ^.' on one of Buckton's typewritten labels. (^ occurs on other slides named epilobii.} Buckton's original sketches of penicillata, entitled 'Epilobium. Pembroke. July. \.' show a rather yellowish green aptera with pale yellow-brown appendages, and an alata with black head, thorax, antennae, femora and tibial apices, and a dark green abdomen with clearly defined marginal tubercles, which are mentioned also in the text. These characters are consistent with the mounted specimens, the apterae of which have the unpigmented head, stigmal plates and cauda, as well as marginal tubercles on many of the abdominal segments, characteristic of grossulariae. Theobald (1927 : 212) quotes Buckton's original description in full and mentions a Buckton slide of specimens he had seen and believed to be penicillata, and of which he adds some details. This slide is 318, which contained seven alatae and three nymphs, but no apterae, of Aphis grossulariae Kaltenbach (now remounted) and had been tentatively named '? penicillata by Laing. The original slide apparently carried no data except the code ^ and another, partly obliterated, which Theobald interpreted as \. y occurs elsewhere only on slides named by Buckton urticaria, which contain a mixture of urticata F. and confusa Walker. The fact that penicillata follows urticaria in the monograph and the two are figured on the same plate may have led Laing to conclude that these specimens were the types of penicillata. I cannot disprove his conclusion, but prefer to regard as Buckton's types the specimens on 163, which carries data that link them with his sketches and also includes adult apterae, which are absent from 318. Buckton recognizes (1879 : 72) that penicillata is distinct from his concept of epilobii Kaltenbach, which he appears to have based on a mixture of epilobiaria Theobald and praeterita Walker, and I think it likely that, having described and figured the specimens on 163 as penicillata, he omitted to alter the name on the label. Aphis petasitidis Buckton = Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) Buckton, 1879 : 69, pi. 58, figs i, 2. LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Northumberland, Holy Island. Cynoglossum or Pyrethrum. i.vii.(year ?). (Hardy). (332). Paralectotypes : 2 apterous, 4 alate viviparous females, 3 larvae. Data as lecto- type. (332). 8 alate viviparous females, 7 nymphs, i larva. East Hertfordshire, Albury. Petasites hybridus. 15. vi. (year ?). (Collector not stated) . (331,333)- BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 77 BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: body length 1-60 mm, antennal flagellum 1-12 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 45 : 27 : 17 : 12 + 41, secondary rhinaria on III 20, on IV 2, on V o, siphunculus 0-14 mm, cauda 0-09 mm, caudal hairs 6, ultimate rostral segment 0-13 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-12 mm, eighth tergite with 7 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill i8(z, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 14(1, on hind femur 2Opt, on hind tibia 3O(i, on eighth tergite 8o[i. The adult aptera, nymph and alata are described, but only the nymph and alata figured. The hosts are given as Tussilago petasites (now Petasites hybridus) and Cynoglossum officinale, and the localities Albury, Herts, and Holy Island, Northumber- land. Of the three slides labelled petasitidis by Buckton, two (331, 333} contain specimens from the Albury sample, and the third (332) aphids from Holy Island. The label on the last records two hosts, Cynoglossum and Pyrethrum. Of the total of 28 specimens, all but two accidental inclusions are Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach). Buckton records in his notes and in the text that the alata he figured gave birth to two young while under the microscope. An alata in the Holy Island sample shows some similarities in attitude with Buckton's sketch, and the slide includes some young larvae. It seems likely that this is his type of the alate petasitidis and I choose it as lectotype. Though both sketch and published figure show the siphunculi as considerably longer than those of helichrysi, the measurement Buckton gives for siphuncular length is more nearly typical, i.e. 0-17 mm, or about one-eighth of the body length. In the lectotype this proportion is about one-tenth. Glyphina pilosa Buckton = Schizolachnus pineti (Fabricius) Buckton, 1883 : 16; pj. 116, figs 1-4. (For synonymy, see fuliginosa, p. 57.) LECTOTYPE here designated; alate viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere, Meadfields. Pinus sylvestris. 29.vii.(year ?). (Buckton). (4). Paralectotypes : i alate, 2 apterous viviparous females, i nymph. Surrey, Haslemere, Weycombe. Pinus sylvestris. 2Q.vii.i874 ? (Buckton). (3). i alate, I apterous viviparous female ('pineti' in Walker's hand). Middlesex, Southgate. Pinus sylvestris. 25. vi. 1847. (Walker). (W.6$3). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: body length 1-44 mm, antennal flagellum 0-74 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 43 : 15 : 18 : 17, secondary rhinaria on III 7, siphuncular pore diameter 0-06 mm, ultimate rostral segment 0-12 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-25 mm, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill i8[z, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill ioo[z, on hind femur i8o[i, on hind tibia Paralectotype aptera: body length 1-76 mm, ant. flag. 0-76 mm, ratios of segs III-VI 43 : 18 : 18 : 18, siph. pore diam. 0-08 mm, ult. rost. seg. 0-14 mm, second seg. hind tarsus 0-29 mm, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill 34^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 140(1., on hind femur 170^, on hind tibia Buckton describes the apterous and alate viviparous females, but figures the larva and alata. The specimens, his own from Haslemere, and others sent him by Walker from Southgate, were taken from Pinus sylvestris. There are no slides named 7& J. P. DONCASTER Glyphina pilosa, but two of Buckton's slides, and one of Walker's in Buckton's collection, all named Mindarus abietinus by Buckton, contain specimens of Schizo- lachnus pineti (F.) from Pinus sylvestris at Weycombe, Meadfields (both near Hasle- mere) and Southgate, and are believed to be the types of pilosa. Buckton evidently thought at first that these specimens were Mindarus abietinus Koch, but changed his opinion when he found that in the fore wings of his alatae the media was apparently unbranched. This ruled out Mindarus and led him to erect pilosa as a new species in Glyphina. In one of his three alatae (that on slide 4} the media is indeed simple, but in that on 3 the branch is discernible though very faint. Walker's alata (W.653) has one fore wing crumpled but in the other the proximal branch of the media cannot be seen. Buckton's original sketch of the alata shows the fore wings each with unbranched media, but alongside is drawn a wing with branched media and the note 'very faint in some specimens'. This wing is not reproduced on plate 116, and in his published description Buckton states unequivocally that the media (he calls it the cubital) is unforked, and believes Walker to be mistaken in supposing correctly that the aphid is pineti. I choose as lectotype the alata on 4, a rather small specimen which agrees better with the published measurements than the others, and is likely to be the one used for figure 2. Theobald in a footnote (1929 : 81) quotes Laing's opinion, supported by that of Swain (1921 : 212), that Buckton's specimens named Mindarus abietinus are pineti F. and likely to be the types of pilosa. Subsequent authors have accepted this conclusion. Borner (1952 : 40) remarks that individuals of pineti with the media unbranched in one or both fore wings occur as aberrations. Pterocomma pilosum Buckton (PI. 6, fig. 65; Text-figs 46-50) Buckton, 1879 : 143; pi. 83, figs 1-5. (The taxonomy of the genus Pterocomma is so confused that I prefer not to attempt a synonymy of pilosum Buckton. A recent review of the Tribe Pterocommatini Mordvilko is that of Szelegiewicz (1965).) LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. London, Kentish Town. Salix sp. twigs. 28. ix. (year ?). (Knaggs). (342*). Paralectotypes : 5 larvae, i nymph. Data as lectotype. (343). Alate viviparous female. (Plate 6, fig. 65; Text-figs 46-50.) (Description based on lectotype only.) Colour of macerated specimen : mostly pale brownish, with the heavily sclerotized parts, e.g. pterothorax, anal plate, knees, rather darker. The dark sclerotic transverse bands shown in the figure are scarcely discernible. Morphology : body large and thick, 3-04 mm long, 1-06 mm broad (I accept Buckton's measurements here, because the specimen has become unnaturally elongated by pressure in remounting). Head with numerous fine, acute hairs up to lyopi long. Antenna! flagellum 1-52 mm, i.e. about half the length of the body, ratios of segments III-VI 60 : 30 : 26 : 16 + 21, antennal hairs rather numerous, fine, acute, long (up to 40^) except on Vlth segment, which has seven hairs up to about gojj. on the base and, on the processus, 4-5 BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 79 much shorter hairs in addition to the 3-4 terminal sensillae. Second antennal segments each with five hairs. Third segments with 37 and 34 rather large, circular secondary rhinaria, mostly on the postero-ventral surface, the fourth with i and 2. Rostrum (detached from specimen; total length not measurable) with ultimate segment broad, tapering only slightly towards apex, 0-20 mm long, slightly longer than second segment of hind tarsus (0-18 mm), with 9 non-apical hairs in two lateral rows. Legs stout with numerous fine hairs, the longest reaching 150^ on the hind femora and 165^1 on the hind tibiae. First tarsal segments on all legs with 5 hairs. Abdomen densely clothed with fine hairs, the longest reaching from lyofj. on tergite III to aoopi on tergite VIII. Marginal tubercles absent. Eighth tergite with 14 hairs. Subgenital plate with 29 hairs. Siphunculi pale, short, 0-22 mm long, about 1-3 times as long as the cauda, 46 50 0-5 FIGS 46-50. Pterocomma pilosum (Buckton). Lectotype: Fig. 46. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Figs 47, 48. Left antenna. Fig. 49. Apex of rostrum. Fig. 50. Siphunculus. 8o J. P. DONCASTER more or less cylindrical, with small flange. Cauda U-shaped, 0-17 mm long, four-fifths as long as its basal width, with about 20 long (150(1) hairs. NOTES. Buckton describes the apterous and alate viviparous females and the nymph from specimens taken among colonies of Pterocomma (Melanoxantherium) salicis (L.) feeding on willow twigs. His manuscript notes are dated 28 September, but his published account gives the date as August. The plate contains figures of the three morphs described, but the 'aptera' (fig. i) is drawn to a smaller scale than the other two morphs and gives the impression of being a young larva. Buckton's sketch for fig. i is an accurate drawing of the largest of the larvae on 343, which is in fact larger than the nymph used as the model for fig. 2. Siphonophora polygoni Buckton = Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) Aphis lactucae Schrank, 1801 : 120, partim, non L. Aphis ribisnigri Mosley, 1841 : 684. Aphis ribicola Kaltenbach, 1843 : 33. Aphis hieracii Kaltenbach, 1843 : 17, partim; Walker, 18490 : 47. Siphonophora alliariae Koch, 1855 : 177; Buckton, 1876 : 123. Siphonophora polygoni Buckton, 1876 : 123; pi. 10, figs 1-3. [Siphonophora lactucae (L.) ; Buckton, 1876 : 139. Misidentification.] [Siphonophora cichorii Koch; Buckton, 1876 : 163, partim. Misidentification.] [? Myzus ribis (L.); Buckton, 1876 : 180, partim. Misidentification.] Macrosiphum kaltenbachi Schouteden, 19060 : 237. ? Macrosiphum agrostemnium Theobald, 1913 : 146. Nasonovia ribicola (Kaltenbach) Mordvilko, 1929 : 51, 81. Submacrosiphum hieracii ssp. teriolanum Hille Ris Lambers, 19316 : 10. Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) Hille Ris Lambers, 1947 : 316, Borner, 1952 : 136. LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere, Weycombe. Polygonum persicaria. 27. vi. 1872. (Buckton). (359*). Paralectotypes : i alate viviparous female, 3 nymphs. Data as lectotype. (559*). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: body length 2-04 mm, antennal flagellum 2-56 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 33 : 21 : 18 : 6 -f 52, secondary rhinaria on III 46, on IV 9, on V o, siphunculus 0-44 mm, cauda 0-22 mm, caudal hairs 7, ultimate rostral segment 0-17 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-14 mm, eighth tergite with 4 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 3Ojj., longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 35^, on hind femur 3O[i, on hind tibia 45^, on eighth tergite 50(JL. All the five specimens on Buckton's single slide of polygoni are Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley). His original sketches, as well as the published figures, are consistent with the appearance of this species in life and I regard these specimens as his types. Only the alate female and the nymph are described and figured. Theobald (1926 : 329) places polygoni Buckton in Myzus and paraphrases Buckton's description. He includes also a brief description of the aptera, which Buckton omits. The specimens which Theobald believed to be polygoni Buckton have been lost. Hille Ris Lambers, who examined Buckton's slide, was the first to identify polygoni correctly (H.R.L., 1933 : 174.) BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 81 Lachnus pyri Buckton = Pyrolachnus pyri (Buckton) Laclinus pyri Buckton, iSgga : 274. IDilachnus krishni George, 1928 : 7. Pyrolachnus pyri (Buckton) Basu & Hille Ris Lambers, 1968 : 13. Buckton describes this species from specimens in alcohol sent to him by E. E. Green, who collected them in March, 1898, from pear trees in Ceylon. He gives brief accounts of the 'apterous larva' and the winged female, both of which he figures. Green adds a note that Buckton's descriptions and measurements were made from specimens shrivelled in alcohol, and gives some additional data based on living specimens, including a description of the adult aptera, which Buckton omitted. Green also adds figures of aptera and alata drawn from life. There are no specimens of Pyri in Buckton's collection. If types exist they are probably in Calcutta, but I have failed to trace them. Basu & Hille Ris Lambers (1968 : 13) erect the genus Pyrolachnus with pyri Buckton as type. Siphonophora rubi var. rufa = Macrosiphum funestum (Macchiati) [Siphonophora cyparissiae Koch; Buckton, 1876 : 113, partim. Misidentification.] Siphonophora rubi (Kaltenbach) var. rufa Buckton, 1883 : 105, pi. 130, fig. i. Siphonophora funesta Macchiati, 1885 : 67. Macrosiphum rubifolium Theobald, 1917 : 78. Macrosiphum shelkovnikovi Mordvilko, 1919 : 361. Macrosiphum funestum (Macchiati); Hille Ris Lambers, 1939 : 90. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. SCOTLAND, Aber- deen. Rubus fruticosus. 2O.viii.i878. (Trail). (419). Paralectotypes : 6 apterous viviparous females, 4 larvae. Data as lectotype. (400, 419). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 3-12 mm, antennal flagellum 4-02 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 51 : 39 : 37 : u + 63, secondary rhinaria on III 6 and 7, siphunculus 1-24 mm, cauda 0-46 mm, caudal hairs 12, ultimate rostral segment 0-19 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-15 mm, eighth tergite with 7 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 44(1, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 46^, on hind femur 5O[z, on hind tibia 55^, on eighth tergite 6ojji. Siphonophora scrophulariae Buckton = Cryptomyzus galeopsidis (Kaltenbach) Aphis galeopsidis Kaltenbach, 1843 : 35. [No type exists.] Aphis quaerens Walker, 18496 : xlviii. Siphonophora scrophulariae Buckton, 1876 : 137; pi. 16, figs i, 2. Syn. n. Myzus lamii van der Goot, 1912 : 69. Myzus whitei Theobald, 1912 : no. Myzus dispar Patch, 1914 : 56. Myzus galeopsidis (Kaltenbach) van der Goot, 1915 : 107, Borner, 1920 : 119. Capitophorus quaerens (Walker) Theobald, 1926 : 234. Capitophorus whitei (Theobald) Theobald, 1926 : 234, partim. Capitophorus lamii (van der Goot) Theobald, 1926 : 253, partim. 82 J. P. DONCASTER Cryptomyzus (Myzella) galeopsidis (Kaltenbach) Borner, 1930 : 139. Myzella galeopsidis (Kaltenbach) Borner, 1938 : 472, 1952 : 134. Cryptomyzus galeopsidis (Kaltenbach) Hille Ris Lambers, 1953 : 96. LECTOTYPE here designated: alate viviparous female. Surrey, Haslemere. Scrop hularia nodosa or S. scorodonia. i6.vii.(year ?). (Buckton). (209). Paralectotypes : i alate, i apterous viviparous females, i nymph. Data as lecto- type. (209). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, alata: body length 2-48 mm, antennal flagellum 3-42 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 33 : 27 : 25 : 7 + 79, secondary rhinaria on III 54, on IV 28, on V 6, siphunculus 0-34 mm, cauda 0-16 mm, caudal hairs 5, ultimate rostral segment 0-13 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-13 mm, eighth tergite with 6 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 36^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 26^, on hind femur 40^, on hind tibia 50^, on eighth tergite 4<>M?). Paralectotype, aptera: body length 1-64 mm, ant. flag. 3-14 mm, ratios of segs III-VI 35 : 26 : 25 : 8 + 63, sec. rhin. on III 5, 7, siphunculus 0-30 mm, cauda 0-17 mm, caudal hairs 5, ult. rost. seg. o-n mm, second seg. hind tarsus 0-12 mm, eighth tergite with 4 (?) hairs, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill 42ji, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 55^, on hind femur 44(x, on hind tibia 60(1, on eighth tergite 70^, on vertex 6o[x. Buckton describes the apterous and alate viviparous females and nymph, but figures only the alata and nymph. He gives the host-plant as Scrophularia scorodonia, which he calls 'common figroot' in the text and 'figwort' in his notes. The Common Figwort is Scrophularia nodosa, not scorodonia which is the Balm- leaved Figwort and only locally common. There are no specimens named scrophulariae by Buckton, or bearing other data corresponding either with his published account or scanty notes. His original sketches give a distinct impression of a Cryptomyzus species, an impression supported by mention of gibbous first antennal segments, antennae 'long and hairy', and pale cornicles. The last, however, are given in the text as 'cylindrical and straight' in the aptera, 'thin, yellow, straight' in the alata, but 'like Rhopalosiphum' in his notes on the alata. The sketch shows thin, cylindrical cornicles in the alata, while the nymph has one cylindrical and one swollen. The only specimens of a Cryptomyzus species in Buckton's collection are two alatae, a nymph and an aptera of C. galeopsidis (Kaltenbach) on 209, labelled originally 'Ch. aceris. Sycamore.' and altered to 'Siphonophora. Sycamore.' (cf. gracilis, p. 58.). Not without some hesitation, I accept these specimens as the types of scrophulariae, because the morphs described and figured are present on the slide, and the published measurements of the alata correspond fairly closely with one of the two mounted alatae, the attitude of which, moreover slightly rolled to one side is very similar to that in Buckton's sketch, as are the dark abdominal markings which become visible if a strong light is directed on to the top of the rather opaque specimen. The siphunculi of this alata are slightly swollen, those of the nymph distinctly so. Theobald (1926 : 143) quotes Buckton's description verbatim and adds that Laing had found no slides of this species in Buckton's collection. Borner (1952 : 165) puts scrophulariae as a doubtful synonym of Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kalten- bach). BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 83 Siphonophora sisymbrii Buckton = Dactynotus cichorii (Koch) [Aphis picridis sensu auctt. non Fabricius, 1775 : 737. Misidentifications.] Siphonophora cichorii Koch, 1855 : 184. Siphonophora sisymbrii Buckton, 1876 : 160; pi. 27, figs 4, 5. Macrosiphum phillipsii Theobald, 1925 : 79, 1926 : 106. [Dactynotus cirsii (L.); Hille Ris Lambers, 19310 : 170. Misidentification.] Dactynotus cichorii (Koch) Hille Ris Lambers, 1939 : 13, Borner, 1952 : 171. LECTOTYPE here designated : apterous viviparous female. Pembroke. Sisym- brium officinale (?) viii.(year ?). (Barrett}. (460*). Paralectotypes : i alate, 4 apterous viviparous females, i larva. Data as lecto- type. (459*, 460*}. BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera : body length 3-38 mm, antennal flagellum not measurable (processi incomplete), ratios of segments Ill-base VI 50 : 33 : 28 : 9 -f ?, secondary rhinaria on III 35, siphunculus 0-90 mm, cauda 0-58 mm, caudal hairs 21, ultimate rostral segment 0-24 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-18 mm, eighth tergite with 4 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 44^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 48^, on hind femur 5O(x, on hind tibia JO\L, on eighth tergite 8o[j., on vertex JO^L. The apterous and alate viviparous females are described and figured from specimens said to have been taken on Sisymbrium officinale. The original slide named sisymbrii by Buckton contained five apterae, one alata and a larva, remounted by Laing in 1925. Except for the alata, the specimens are in good condition, and all are Dactyno- tus cichorii (Koch). Theobald (1926 : 88) quotes Buckton's description in full and adds some further data from an examination of his slide, but retains the name sisymbrii. Laing had labelled the remounted specimens picridis (F.) and Theobald, in his key to Macrosiphum (1926 : 63), adds a footnote accepting this diagnosis. Borner (1952 : 170) puts sisymbrii as a synonym of Dactynotus obscurus (Koch) apparently on the authority of Hille Ris Lambers (1939), but I can find no mention of sisymbrii Buckton in the work referred to. Buckton's host-plant ascription is certainly mistaken ; cichorii is a species normally confined to a restricted range of Compositae. Chermes taxi Buckton : nomen dubium Buckton, 1886 : 327; pi. 7, figs 1-3. Buckton describes and figures the gall and what he calls the apterous viviparous female, taken on the Irish yew, Taxus baccata var. fastigiata, at Ealing, Middlesex, in March. I have failed to find either specimens or original drawings which might relate to this species. Cholodkovsky (1896 : 27), on the evidence of Buckton's coloured plate and very short description of taxi, concludes that Buckton had described a species of Lecanium (Coccoidea). Schouteden (19066 : 35) quotes Cholodkovsky's opinion. Lindinger (1912 : 320, No. 1108) quotes Buckton's description and places taxi doubtfully in Pseudococcus. Dr D. J. Williams, coccidologist on the staff of the Commonwealth Institute of 84 J. P- DONCASTER Entomology, whom I consulted, knows of no coccid associated with Taxus that would agree with the description and figures of taxi. He suggested, however, that if Buckton had mistaken Picea for Taxus, the gall might possibly have been the work of Physokermes abietis (Geoffroy). But unless further evidence comes to light, Chermes taxi must be regarded as a nomen dubium. Ceylonia theaecola = Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) Aphis aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 : 178. Aphis camelliae Kaltenbach, 1843 : 122. Toxoptera aurantiae Koch, 1856 : 330. Aphis coffeae Nietner, 1861 : 3. Ceylonia theaecola Buckton, 18910 : 34. Toxoptera theobromae Schouteden, igo6c : 38. Toxoptera citrifoliae Shiraki, 1913 : 123. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. CEYLON. Thea sp. ii.iSgo. (Green). (484). Paralectotypes : 4 alatae, 52 apterae, nymphs, larvae. Data as lectotype. (480-485). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera : body length 1-76 mm, antennal flagellum 1-22 mm, ratios of segments III-VI 38 : 30 : 28 : n -f 45, siphunculus 0-24 mm, cauda 0-19 mm, caudal hairs 20, ultimate rostral segment 0-12 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-09 mm, eighth tergite with 2 hairs, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 28^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 2Ojz, on hind femur 6o(ji, on hind tibia 50^, on eighth tergite 6o[i. Paralectotype alata: body length 1-32 mm, ant. flag. 1-36 mm, ratios segs III-VI 43 : 33 : 33 : ii + 5 1 . secondary rhinaria on III 4, siph. 0-27 mm, cauda 0-18 mm, caudal hairs n, ult. rost. seg. ?, second seg. hind tarsus 0-09 mm, eighth tergite with 2 hairs, artic. diam. ant. seg. Ill 22[z, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 24^, on hind femur 6opi, on hind tibia 6o[i, on eighth tergite 55jx. Apterous and alate forms are briefly described and very poorly figured, from specimens taken from tea plants in Ceylon in February, 1890, and sent to Buckton for identification. There are six slides in the Buckton Collection, labelled but not signed by Laing, which have the appearance of his remounts. None bears data in Buckton 's hand. Most of the specimens are in poor condition suggesting preserva- tion in alcohol, but two apterae and two alatae are well enough preserved to make identification certain. All are aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe. Megoura viciae Buckton (PI. 6, fig. 66; Text-figs 51-54) Aphis viciae Kaltenbach, 1843 : 20, nee Fabricius, 1781 : 390. Siphonophora viciae (Kaltenbach) Koch, 1855 : 188. Megoura viciae Buckton, 1876 : 188; pi. 38, figs i, 2. Megoura viciae Buckton; Theobald, 1926 : 173, Hille Ris Lambers, 1947 : 264, Borner, 1952 177. Megoura bibula Hottes, 1930 : 184. Rhopalosiphum papilionacearum Lindinger, 1932 : 278. Megoura kaltenbachi Hille Ris Lambers, 1938 : i. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 85 LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Norfolk, Norwich, Ketteringham. Vicia sepium. ix.(year ?). (Barrett}. (518*). Paralectotypes : 4 apterous, i alate viviparous females, 3 larvae. Data as lecto- tvpe. (5180,*, 519*, 52oa*, 5206*, 522). Apterous viviparous female. (Plate 6, fig. 66; Text-figs 51-54.) Colour of macerated speci- men: body pale yellowish brown; head, siphuncular sclerites, eighth tergite, anal and sub- genital plates darker to blackish brown. Antennae, rostrum, siphunculi, cauda very dark brown to black, except base of antennal segment III and whole of VI which are paler brown. Femora blackish brown on distal half, remainder pale yellowish, tibiae mid-brown with black apices, tarsi dark. Morphology: body large, broadly spindle-shaped, 4-4-3 mm long, rather more than twice as long as broad. Head smooth, antennal tubercles large, diverging, cephalic hairs fine, acute, long, the longest reaching about goji. Antennal flagellum 3-9 mm long, ratios of segments III-VI 116 : 84 : 66 : 26 + 94; antennal hairs rather stout, spiny, blunt or acute, up to 6o(x long or about equal to articular diameter of III. The third segment bears 16 and 14 small, tuberculate, secondary rhinaria irregularly distributed on the postero-ventral surface of the 52 0-5 FIGS 51-54. Megoura viciae (Buckton). Lectotype: Fig. 51. Head, upper (left) and lower surfaces. Fig. 52. Left antennal segments III-VI. Fig. 53. Siphunculus. Fig. 54. Cauda. 86 J. P. DONCASTER basal half of the segment. Rostrum small, reaching middle coxae, apical segment 0-13-0-14 mm long, less than twice as long as its basal width and about two-thirds as long as second segment of hind tarsus (0-19 mm), with 4 non-apical hairs. Legs with stout, spiny hairs up to 60^ long on hind femora and, rarely, up to loopt. long on hind tibiae, on which hairs become shorter, thicker and more numerous towards apices. First tarsal segments all with 3 hairs. Abdomen with dorsal hairs rather sparse, acute, blunt or with very slightly swollen apices, reaching about yopt on the third tergite and gop on the eighth. Ante- and postsiphuncular sclerites present, and a faintly darkened transverse sclerotic area on the eighth tergite, which bears 7 hairs. Subgenital plate with 2-3 anterior and 1 1-14 posterior hairs. Siphunculi fusiform, widest about the middle, tapering evenly to base and apex, the greatest diameter about twice the smallest, which is close to the small flange, imbricate over whole length with a few transverse apical striations, 0-56- 0-64 mm long, about 0-14 as long as the body and not quite as long as the cauda. Cauda 0-57- 0-72 mm long, elongate, tapering to a blunt apex, with a slight constriction at about one-third of its length from the base, with 12 hairs. NOTES. The apterous and alate viviparous females are described and figured. Unfortunately, Buckton's original drawings and notes relating to viciae are missing. His specimens, originally mounted on five slides (518-522} consist of eight adult apterae, one alata and five larvae, all of Megoura viciae Buckton. All the slides bear Buckton's labels except 521, the specimens on which (three apterae and two larvae) were remounted by Laing in 1920. Since this slide is marked 'Aberdeen. August.', I exclude these specimens from the type-series. Buckton's published account makes no mention of material from Aberdeen. A full synonymy (up to 1948) and a discussion on the nomenclature of viciae is given by Hille Ris Lambers (1949 : 263-268). Forda viridana Buckton = Forda formicaria von Heyden For da formicaria von Heyden, 1837 : 292. Rhizoterus vacca Hartig, 1841 : 363. Pemphigus semilunarius Passerini, 1856 : 261. Forda viridana Buckton, 1883 : 85; pi. 127, figs i, 2. Geoica cyperi Schouteden, 1902 : 656. LECTOTYPE here designated: apterous viviparous female. Northumberland, Alnwick. Carex sp. roots, in ants' nest. (Undated). (Hardy). (523*). Paralectotypes: 2 larvae. Data as lectotype. (5230*, 5256*). BIOMETRIC DATA. Lectotype, aptera: body length 2-54 mm, whole antenna 0-84 mm, ratios of segments I-V 13 : 12 : 44 : 19 : 20, ultimate rostral segment 0-27 mm, second segment of hind tarsus 0-16 mm, articular diameter of ant. seg. Ill 40^, longest hair on ant. seg. Ill 85(1, on vertex IOO[A, on hind femur 75^, on hind tibia Sofx. Buckton describes the viviparous female and figures a brown and a green form. The green form, according to the text and the figure legend, occurred in nests of Formica fuliginosa under tufts of Air a flexuosa near Wooler, Northumberland. The brown form is recorded from nests under tufts of Carex near Alnwick. It seems that both forms were sent to Buckton by Hardy. The two figures of viridana are the only ones on plate 127 for which original sketches and notes have not been found. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 87 There is no slide named viridana, but there is one (525) which carries the data 'Carex roots. Ants' nests. Alnwick.', together with two MS names, Forda hirsuta replaced by Forda pilosa. The slide originally contained an adult aptera and two larvae (now remounted) of Forda formicaria von Heyden which Laing (as quoted by Theobald, 1929 : 176) believed to be the types of viridana. The host and locality data on the slide correspond so closely with those published that I accept Laing 's conclusion. LIST OF NON-BUCKTONIAN SPECIES Listed here are the aphid species (excluding Phylloxeridae) of authors other than himself which Buckton published in his monograph, or of which material is present in his collection. In each case the name and author as used by Buckton are followed by the current identification and the numbers of the slides containing specimens on which Buckton's descriptions and figures are known or believed to be based. References are to Buckton's works, unless otherwise stated. abietina Walker, Aphis (1879 : 43 > P^ 49) Elatobium abietinum (Walker) (2). abietis L., Chermes (1883 : 24, pis 116, 118, 119) = Adelges viridis (Ratzeburg) (7. 9)- absinthii L., Siphonophora (1876 : 154, pi. 24) = Macrosiphoniella absinthii (L.). The description and figures are drawn from a larva (cf. n, 14). A Walker slide (W .22], labelled absinthii, contains Macrosiphoniella artemisiae (Boyer de Fons- colombe). acerina (Walker), Drepanosiphum (1876 : 185, pi. 37) Drepanosiphum acerinum (Walker) (19). aceris (L.), Chaitophorus (1879 : I2I P^ s 7&> 79) : apterous viviparous female (pi. 78, fig. i) = Periphyllus hirticornis (Walker) (23), alate viviparous female (variety a, pi. 78, fig. 2) probably = P. acericola (Walker) (not identifiable with a specimen ; original sketch missing), alate viviparous female (variety (3, pi. 78, fig. 3) = P. testudinaceus (Fernie) (cf. 21; original sketch missing), apterous male (pi. 78, fig. 4) = P. rhenanus (Borner) (24; specimen from Lichtenstein) , dimorph (pi. 78, fig. 5) probably = P. testudinaceus (not identifiable with a specimen), ovipara (pi. 78, fig. 6) = P. rhenanus (24; also from Lichtenstein), dimorph (pi. 79, fig. 6) = P. testudinaceus (cf. 27), exuvia (pi. 79, fig. 7) = P. testudinaceus (27), dimorph (pi. 79, fig. 8) = P. acericola (27). The alate male described (p. 124) but not figured is also likely to be P. rhenanus (25), all the material of which is from Acer monspessulanus at Montpellier. affinis (Kaltenbach), Thecabius: there are unpublished sketches of a leaf -gall, f undatrix and alate antenna, drawn from specimens snt by Lichtenstein . Buckton excluded affinis Kaltenbach from his monograph in the belief that it was not a British species. Three alate affinis occur among his material named Pemphigus bursarius (L.) (80, 81} . agilis Kaltenbach, Lachnus (1881 : 47, pi. 96). Material so named in the Buckton Collection is a mixture of Eulachnus agilis (Kaltenbach) and E. brevipilosus Borner, but the specimens described and figured are brevipilosus only. 88 J. P. DONCASTER alliariae (Koch), Siphonophora (1876 : 123, pi. 10) = Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (34). alni (F.), Pterocallis (1881 : 31, pi. 92) = Pterocallis alni (DeGeer) (35, 36). amygdali Boyer de Fonscolombe, Aphis (1879 : 104, pi. 73): aptera (figs I, 2) = Appelia schwartzi (Borner) (39), alata (fig. 3) ? = Dysaphis (Pomaphis) plantaginea (Passerini). artemisiae Koch, Siphonophora (1876 : 155, pi. 24) = Macrosiphoniella absinthii (L.) (I?)- arundinis (F.), Hyalopterus (1879 : in, pi. 75) = Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) (45). atriplicis L., Aphis (1879 : 87, P^- 65) : apterous and alate viviparous females, nymph (figs 4-7) = Aphis fabae Scopoli (46, 47], apterous male, ovipara (not figured) = Hayhurstia atriplicis (L.) (48; specimens from Lichtenstein) . avellanae (Schrank), Siphonophora (1876 : 149, pi. 22) Corylobium avellanae (Schrank) (50, 51}. berberidis (Kaltenbach), Rhopalosiphum (1879 : X 4> P^ 4 2 ) Liosomaphis berberidis (Kaltenbach) (59, 66]. betulae Heyden, Glyphina (1883 : 17, pi. 117) = Pemphigus bursarius (L.) (77). Buckton's slide contains a fundatrix, nymphs, larvae and an alate migrant on which his description and figures are based. His original sketches are rough and uncoloured. There is no clue to the origin of these specimens. betularius (Kaltenbach), Callipterus (1881 : 14, pi. 87) : apterous and alate viviparous females (figs 1,3)= Kallistaphis basalis Stioyan (68), ovipara (fig. 2) Eucer aphis pundipennis (Zetterstedt) (66). betulicola (Kaltenbach ?), Callipterus (1881 : 15, pi. 88): apterous viviparous female (fig. 2) =- Kallistaphis basalis Stroyan (69; specimen mounted on its side as figured), alata (fig. i) = Eucer aphis punctipennis (Zetterstedt) (69). This specimen contains spores of a fungus, the presence of which could explain Buckton's reference to 'cottony tufts' on antennae aad legs. brassicae L., Aphis (1879 ' 33> P^ 4^) = Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (76). bursarius Hartig, Pemphigus (1881 : 117, pis in, 113): fundatrix (pi. in, fig. i) probably = Pemphigus bursarius (L.) (Buckton's sketch is labelled Walthamstow, which suggests a Walker specimen, but none has come to light), nymph and alata (pi. in, figs 2, 3) = P. bursarius (80), galls (pi. in, figs 4, 5) = P. bursarius. The fundatrix, alate antenna and gall, named bursarius and figured on plate 113 (figs 6-8), are drawn from material received from Lichtenstein and are P. immunis Buckton (78, 79). Another slide (84) also named bursarius, with host given as spruce, contains an alate Mimeuria ulmiphila (del Guercio). capreae (F.), Siphocoryne (1879 : 27, pi. 45) = Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli) (85). capreaeKoch,Chaitophorus(i8j9 : 136, pi. 81) = Chaitophorus truncatus (Hausmann) (86). cardui L., Aphis (1879 : 92, pi. 67) = Brachycaudus cardui (L.) (8j, 228). carpini Koch, Callipterus (1881 : 19, pi. 89) : nymph (fig. i) = Myzocallis carpini (Koch) (92), alate viviparous female (fig. 2) = Eucer aphis punctipennis (Zetter- stedt) (92), ovipara (fig. 3) = Betulaphis quadrituberculata (Kaltenbach) (94), apterous male (fig. 4) = B. quadrituberculata (94), alate male (fig. 5) = E. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 89 punctipennis (alate female, 93), apterous viviparous female (not figured) perhaps = quadrituberculata (immature, 91 or 94) . cerasi (F.), Myzus (1876 : 174, pi. 33) = Myzus cerasi (F.) (TOO, W.2I2), except the alate male (fig. 4) which = Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (99) . chelidonii (Kaltenbach), Siphonophora (1876 : 121, pi. 9) = Macrosiphum (Sitobion) fragariae (Walker) (102). cichorii Koch, Siphonophora (1876 : 163, pi. 29). No specimens have been found which relate to this species. Buckton's sketch of the aptera suggests Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (cf. Borner, 1952 : 136). The alata, probably a vagrant, is a Dactynotus, perhaps cirsii (L.). cimiciformis von Heyden, Paracletus (1881 : 67, pi. 102) = Anoecia ? corni (F.) (726) ; described from material sent by Hardy from Berwick, Northumberland. cistatus Walker, Dryobius (1881 : 78, not figured) = Lachniella costata (Zetterstedt). As Laing pointed out (Laing, 1923 : 245), this description relates to. an alate costata on a Walker slide in Buckton's collection (W.26g), the name on which is indistinctly written. The name cistata (Buckton) therefore falls as a synonym of costata (Zetterstedt). compressa (Koch), Colopha. Two slides (707, 108} contain fundatrices, nymphs and alatae obtained from Montpellier. A sheet with notes and coloured sketches of fundatrix, alate migrant and gall is among Buckton's unpublished originals. convolvuli (Kaltenbach), Siphonophora (1876:148, pi. 21): apterous viviparous female, nymph (figs i, 2) = Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (709), alate viviparous female (fig. 3) Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (no), corni (F.), Schizoneura (1881 : 107, pi. no) = Anoecia corni (F.) group (119, 125}. The specimens received from Lichtenstein to which Buckton refers on p. 109 are on 118 and 119. corticalis Kaltenbach, Chermes (1883 : 23, pis 117, 117 bis) = Pineus pint (Gmelin in Linnaeus) (112). Slide 113, also named corticalis, contains Adelges (Dreyfusia) nordmannianae (Eckstein) collected by McLachlan from Pinus nordmanniana. coryli Goeze, Callipterus (1881 : 17, pi. 88) = Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) (127). crataegaria Walker, Aphis (1879 : 37, pi. 47) = Aphis pomi DeGeer (128). crataegi Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 35, pi. 47) = Aphis pomi DeGeer (129). croaticus Koch, Dryobius (1881 : 74, pi. 104) = Lachnus roboris (L.). The specimens collected by Andrews at Southwater, Sussex, are those on 133, 134 and 135; those from Lichtenstein are on 137. Another slide (136), labelled 'croaticus = roboris Walker', contains an alate longirostris Borner and may be one of the Walker specimens to which Buckton refers (pp. 76, 77). cyparissiae Koch, Siphonophora (1876 : 113, pi. 5): alata Macrosiphum funestum (Macchiati) (141], aptera probably = M. rosae (L.) from Scabiosa (cf. 448, 450). dianthi Schrank, Rhopalosiphum (1879 : 15, pi. 43) = Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (321, 322, 325). dirhoda (Walker), Siphonophora (1876 : 132, pi. 13 bis) = Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (148-150). dryophila Westwood, Thelaxes (1883 : 8, pi. 115) = Thelaxes dryophila (Schrank) ( J 55 J 5<5. 158, 159). The specimens sent by Foran from Eastbourne, Sussex, are 90 J. P. DONCASTER on 157', a male, ovipara and eggs from Montpellier on 156 are likely to be the models for figs 6 and 7. i Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 71, pi. 58) = Aphis epilobiaria Theobald (164, eragrostidis, Tychea (1883 : 89, pi. 128) : fundatrix (fig. 5) = Aploneura lentisci (Passerini) (166), fundatrigenia (fig. 6) ? = Pemphigus sp. (166). eriophori (Haliday), Hyalopterus (1879 : 117, not figured) = Ceruraphis eriophori (Walker) (W.337). euonymi F., Aphis (1879 : 72, pi. 59): apterous viviparous female (fig. i) Aphis evonymi F. (170), alata and nymph (not figured) = mixture of evonymi andfabae Scopoli (167, 168, i6g, 171}. The specimens sent by Trail from Aberdeen are fabae (168, 169). fagi (L.), Phyllaphis (1881 : 37, pi. 94) = Phyllaphis fagi (L.) (172-174). Buckton's drawing of an 'apterous male' is taken from a larval ovipara on 173. farfarae Koch, Aphis (1879 : 68, pi. 57) = Anuraphis farfarae (Koch) (176). filaginis (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Pemphigus (1881 : 128, pi. 114) ? = Pemphigus filaginis (Boyer de Fonscolombe). Buckton's only slide named filaginis (177) contains some poorly preserved alatae of a Pemphigus sp. indet. received from Lichtenstein. His figures of. filaginis are based on some uncoloured sketches of specimens which, according to his notes, are probably those sent by Hardy from Gnaphalium in Scotland. If so his diagnosis is probably correct. The Scottish material is no longer extant. flava (Forbes), Sipha: 178-180 contain specimens from Sorghum, Illinois, U.S.A. foeniculi Passerini, Siphocoryne (1879 : 2 ^, pi- 45) ? = Cavariella sp. There are no specimens named foeniculi by Buckton. His description and figures, especially his sketches, suggest Cavariella rather than Hyadaphis, despite his statement (p. 27) that there is no supracaudal process. formicaria von Heyden, Forda (1883 : 83, pi. 126) = Forda formicaria von Heyden (186, 188} . Fig. 2 may be drawn from a larval Anoecia sp. (cf. 116, 117). fragariae Koch, Siphonophora (1876 : 125, not figured) = mixture of Macrosiphum (Sitobion) fragariae (Walker), Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (igi, 192). fuscifrons Koch, Pemphigus (1881 : 113, pi. no) = Pemphigus bursarius (L.) (75, 20 1, 202], except ovipara (fig. 8) which probably = Aploneura lentisci (Passerini) (200; specimen from Lichtenstein, named fuscicornis) . galeopsidis (Kaltenbach), Phorodon (1876 : 171, pi. 32) = Capitophorus hippophaes (Walker) (207). granaria (Kirby), Siphonophora (1876 : 114, pi. 6) = Macrosiphum (Sitobion) fragariae (Walker) (rpo, 211). hederae Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 75, pi. 60) = Aphis hederae Kaltenbach (212). hieracii Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 67, pi. 57) = Aphis hieracii Buckton non Kaltenbach, nomen dubium. There are no specimens which I can identify with Buckton's description and figures. His original sketches of hieracii are missing. This cannot be hieracii of Kaltenbach or of Schrank, and without further evidence must remain undetermined. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 91 hieracii Kaltenbach, Siphonophora (1876 : 126, pi. n) ? = Nasonovia compositellae ssp. nigra Hille Ris Lambers. Buckton's specimens, which he collected himself on Hieracium sylvestre and H. murorum at Weycombe on 3 July, are missing from his collection. His original sketches and his host-record point to nigra as a probability. The sketches do not relate to a Walker slide (W.4ii), labelled Siphonophora hieracii by Buckton, which contains Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) from Burdock at Southgate, nor to 213, unnamed, which contains Nasonovia pilosellae Borner from Hieracium at Berwick. Buckton records having received these from Hardy in August (year not given) in a manuscript note added to his own copy of his mono- graph (Vol. I, p. 146) 3 . humuli (Schrank), Phorodon, (1876 : 166, pi. 30) = Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (214-216). humuli var. mahaleb (Boyer de Fonscolombe) , Phorodon (1876 : 168, pi. 31) = Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (275, 276). jaceae (L.), Siphonophora (1876 : 153, pi. 23) Dactynotus (Uromelan) jaceae (L.) (22 1, 222]. jacobaeae Schrank, Aphis (1879 : 79> pi- 62) Aphis jacobaeae Schrank (223, 227}. juglandicola (Kaltenbach), Pterocallis (1881 : 32, pi. 92) = Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach) (231). juglandis (Frisch), Ptychodes (1881 : 40, pi. 95) = Callaphis juglandis (Goeze) (229, 230). juniperi (F.), Lachnus (1881 : 44, pi. 96) = Cinara juniperi (DeGeer) (232-234). laburni Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 86, pi. 65) = Aphis cytisorum Hartig (235). lactucae (Kaltenbach), Rhopalosiphum (1879 : 10, pi. 40): alata (fig. 4) (? also larva, fig. 2, and nymph, fig. 3) = Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) (cf. 237), aptera (fig. i) = H. lampsanae (Borner) (236). lactucae (Kaltenbach), Siphonophora (1876 : 139, pi. 16) probably = Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley), to judge from Buckton's sketches. No extant specimens relate to this species. lactucarius Passerini, Pemphigus (1881 : 124, pi. 112) = Pemphigus bursarius (L.) (77, 82}. lanigera (Hausmann), Schizoneura (1881 : 89, pis 105, 106) = Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (241-245). Most of Buckton's figures can be matched with speci- mens. Those from Lichtenstein, mentioned on p. 93, are on 243 and 245. lanuginosa Hartig, Schizoneura (1881 : 104, pi. 109) = Schizoneura lanuginosa Hartig (246-249). lands Hartig, Chermes (1883 : 33, pis 119, 120) Adelges laricis Vallot (250, 255) and Adelges viridis (Ratzeburg) (251). lataniae Lichtenstein, Cerataphis (1883 : 198, pi. 134). Buckton's apterae, all from 'palms and orchids' under glass at Chichester, Sussex (Anderson), are Cerataphis orchidearum (Westwood) (259, 26 1, 262). His alata, described and figured from specimens sent by Lichtenstein from Montpellier, appears to be C. lataniae (Boisduval) (258). 3 In the library of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 92 J. P. DONCASTER leucomelas Koch, Chaitophorus (1879 : I 35> P^ 80) = Chaitophorus versicolor Koch (263). ligustri (Kaltenbach), Rhopalosiphum (1879 : 13, pi. 41) = Myzus ligustri (Mosley) (264). longipes Dufour, Lachnus (1881 : 59, pi. 101) = Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) (265}- longistigma Monell, Lachnus (1881 : 61) Longistigma caryae Harris (267-269). Buckton likens this American species to longipes Dufour. lychnidis L., Aphis (1879 : 73> P^ 59) ' aptera (fig. 2) = Brachycaudus klugkisti (Borner) (272), alata (fig. 3) Aphis hederae Kaltenbach (275). mail F., Aphis (1879 : 44, pis. 50, 69 bis): fundatrix (pi. 50, -fig. i) = Dysaphis (Pomaphis] plantaginea (Passerini) (277), apterous and alate viviparous females, nymph (pi. 50, figs 2, 5, 6) ? = Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker) (277), apterous male (not figured) and ovipara (pi. 69 bis, fig. i) = Aphis pomi DeGeer (27^). The sexuales on 27$ are those sent by Lichtenstein to which Buckton refers on p. 48. malvae Walker, Aphis (1879 : 42, pi. 49): aptera (fig. i) = Acyrthosiphon malvae (Mosley) larva (279), ovipara (not figured) ? = Myzus persicae (Sulzer) apterous viviparous female (280), alate viviparous female (fig. 2) unidentifiable. Buckton's sketches include one of the 'ovipara' (not reproduced) which suggests a sclerotic winter aptera or larva of persicae, perhaps one of those on 280 from Cineraria in November. millefolii (F.), Siphonophora (1876 : 127, pi. 12) = Macrosiphoniella millefolii (DeGeer) (285-287}. myosotidis Koch, Aphis (1879 : IO2 P^ 7 2 )- There are no specimens so named by Buckton. His descriptions and sketches suggest that his aptera and larva (figs i, 2) are probably Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) and his alata (fig. 3) B. cardui (L.). His notes imply that all three figures are drawn from specimens from Senecio vulgaris. nephrelepidis Davis, Idiopterus : slide 295 (unnamed) contains apterae from ferns in a greenhouse at Eastbourne, Sussex, as noted by Laing (Laing, 1923 : 241). nymphaeae (L.), Rhopalosiphum (1879 : I2 pi- 4 1 ) Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (L.) (296). oxyacanthae Koch, Aphis (1879 : 37) : not described or figured by Buckton, but mentioned in passing as a Crataegus-ieeding aphid different from crataegi Kalten- bach. The only slides labelled oxyacanthae Koch (304, 305} contain apterae, nymphs and males of Dysaphis devecta (Walker) from Malus sylvestris, specimens which I believe to be those described and figured by Buckton as Pyri Boyer de Fonscolombe (1879 : 97, pi. 69). padi Reaumur, Aphis (1879 : 61, pi. 55) = Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (306). pallidus (Haliday), Pemphigus (1881 : 127, pi. 113): fundatrix (fig. i) ? = Thecabius affmis (Kaltenbach) (3o8c), nymph, alata (figs 2, 3) = Kaltenbachiella pallida (Haliday) (3o8a, 3o8b). Buckton's material of pallida was sent by Lichtenstein; there is no British material in his collection. papaveris F., Aphis (1879 : 91, pi. 66) = Aphis fabae Scopoli (309, 310). BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 93 pastinacae (L.), Siphocoryne (1879 : 24, pi. 43) = Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli) pelargonii (Kaltenbach), Siphonophora (1876 : 136, pi. 15) = Acyrthosiphon malvae (Mosley) (313, 314). persicae (Sulzer), Myzus (1876 : 178, pi. 35) = Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (324, 327, 328, 330). phaseoli Passerini, Tychea (1883 : 90, pi. 128) = Smynthurodes betas Westwood (334)- piceae Walker, Lachnus (1881 : 58, pi. 100) = Cinara piceae (Panzer) (338). pini Koch(?), Chermes (1883 : 40, pi. 117 bis) ? = Pineus pini (Gmelin in Linnaeus). There is no material so named. pini (L.), Lachnus (1881 : 50, pi. 97; 1886 : 324, pi. 5): aptera (pi. 97, fig. 3; pi. 5, fig. i) = Cinara pinicola (Kalt.), ovipara (274} (see above, p. 66), aptera, 'dark variety' (pi. 97, fig. 4) = Cinara pinea (Mordvilko) (344), nymph and alata (pi. 5, figs 2, 3) = Cinara boerneri Hille Ris Lambers (348). Buckton's figure of the 'alate female' is based on an alate male of boerneri sent to him by Bignell from Devon. pinicolus Kaltenbach, Lachnus (1881 : 52, pi. 98) = Cinara boerneri Hille Ris Lambers (34ga, 35ia}. As with pini above, the 'alate female' of pinicolus is based on an alate male of boerneri. pisi (Kaltenbach), Siphonophora (1876 : 134, pi. 14). There are no specimens so named. Buckton states (p. 135) that the 'glaucous female' (presumably the aptera) figured on plate 14 was taken on Urtica dioica ; it is therefore likely to be Microlophiiim carnosum (Buckton) (cf. 511). The alata is probably Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). platani (Kaltenbach), Tinocallis: slide 161 contains an alata from Italy remounted by Laing from a slide of Richter's, Montpellier. platanoides (Schrank), Drepanosiphum (1876 : 183, pi. 36) = Drepanosiphum platanoidis (Schrank) (in, 355~357). populeus (Kaltenbach), Chaitophorus (1879 : I 37 P^- 81) = Chaitophorus versicolor Koch (360, 361). populi (L.), Chaitophorus (1879 : 140, pi. 82) ? = Chaitophoms versicolor Koch (362). pruni Reaumur, Aphis (1879 : 64, pi. 56) : apterous viviparous female (not figured) probably = Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker), nymph (fig. i) Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) (366), alate viviparous female (fig. 2) = Dysaphis (Pomaphis] plantaginea (Passerini) (369), alate male (fig. 3) and ovipara (fig. 4) = R. insertum (567). Pruni (F.), Hyalopterus (1879 : no, pi. 75) = Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffrey) (44). pyraria Passerini, Aphis (1879 : 53> P^ 5 2 ) = Longiunguis pyrarius (Passerini) (372, 374)- pyri Boyer de Fonscolombe, Aphis (1879 : 97 P^ 69) Dysaphis devecta (Walker) (304, 305). (See oxyacanthae Koch, above.) Pyricola (Baker & Davidson), Schizoneura. Among Buckton's material named Schizoneura ulmi are three alatae from elm leaf -galls at Maldon, Essex, which appear to be pyricola (541, 54ia}. Buckton notes that they are smaller than alate ulmi 94 J. P. DONCASTER and that the galls are formed by the elm leaves becoming 'rolled upwards'. The specimens, which are poorly preserved, have only 14-15 secondary rhinaria on antenna! segment III and apparently 4 caudal hairs. There are unpublished sketches of the wings, but not the gall. querceus (Kaltenbach), Callipterus (1881 : 24, pi. 91) = Tuberculoides annulatus (Hartig) (381, 382). quercus (Kaltenbach), Callipterus (1881 : 21, pi. 90) Tuberculoides annulatus (Hartig) (377~379> 381). quercus (Re'aumur), Stomaphis (1881 : 62, pi. 101) = Stomaphis quercus (L.) (376). ranunculina (Walker), Tubaphis, receives no mention in the monograph although two slides (387, 388} contain apterae and larvae. Both are labelled Siphonophora ranunculi by Buckton and 387 is marked 'Aberdeen. Sept. 1887.' ribis (L.), Myzus (1876 : 180, pi. 34): aptera (fig. i) and nymph (fig. 2) ? = Crypto- myzus ribis (L.), alata (fig. 3) = Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley). Identifications are deduced from original sketches, to which no extant specimens can be related. ribis (L.), Rhopalosiphum (1879 : 9 P^ 39) = Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) (391-393). roboris (L.), Dryobius (1881 : 71, pi. 103) = Lachnus roboris (L.) (394-397). Buckton' s account is based on material sent by Lichtenstein. rosae (Re'aumur), Siphonophora (1876 : 103, pis I, 2, 4) = Macrosiphum rosae (L.) (599, 401-403, 405). Figures 2 and 4, plate i, appear to have been drawn from a larva and an ovipara, respectively, of Myzaphis rosarum (Kaltenbach) (404, 407}. The specimens identified as rosae which Buckton records (1883 : 180) having received from roses at Kaladhungi in the former North West Frontier Province of India are apterae and larvae of Macrosiphum (Sitobion) rosaeformis Das (406). rosarum (Walker), Siphonophora (1876 : 150, pi. 22 bis) Chaetosiphon (Pentatri- chopus) tetrarhodus (Walker) (408, 409). rubi (Kaltenbach), Siphonophora (1876 : 140, pis 17, 18) = Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach) (412-414, 418). Buckton's reference (p. 141) to rubi onSarothamnus scoparius probably relates to specimens of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (410). rubra Lichtenstein, Tetraneura (referred to (1881 : 131) but not described) ? = Tetraneura caerulescens (Passerini) (420, 421: alatae from red hairy galls on Ulmus, Montpellier, September, very poorly preserved). rumicis L. Aphis (1879 : 81 pis 63, 64) = Aphis fabae Scopoli (42 3, 424). saliceti Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 52, pi. 51 bis): aptera (figs i, 2) = Aphis farinosa Gmelin (428), alata (fig. 3) = Cavariella theobaldi (Gillette & Bragg) (427, 428). salicis (L.), Melanoxanthus (1879 : 21, pi. 42) Pterocomma salicis (L.) (429-433). salicivorus (Walker), Chaitophorus (1879 : I 34 P^- 8) Chaitophorus capreae (Mosley) (434, 435). sambucaria, Passerini, Aphis (1879 : 95, pi. 68) : alate male (fig. 7) = Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (443, 445), ovipara (fig. 6) = Aphis sambuci L. (443-445). Buckton had no specimens of the apterous and alate viviparae and quotes Passerini's descriptions of these morphs. sambuci L., Aphis (1879 : 99, pi. 70) Aphis sambuci L. (446). sanborni (Gillette), Macrosiphoniella. Some specimens from Calcutta, unnamed and without other data, have been remounted by Laing on 103. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 95 scabiosae Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 55> P 1 - 53) : aptera (figs 2, 3) and nymph (fig. i) = Aphis gossypii Glover (139), alata (fig. 4) = Aphis confusa Walker (510). Buckton's notes refer to the specimens he used to illustrate the aptera and nymph of scabiosae as 'melon aphis'. What appear to be these specimens are mounted on the same slide (139) as the type of cucurbiti Buckton (= gossypii Glover). scabiosae (Schrank), Siphonophora (1876 : 112, pi. 4 bis) = Macrosiphum rosae (L.) (448, 450}. sedi Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 9 P^ 66) = Aphis sedi Kaltenbach (452). senulatus Haliday, Atheroides: Laing (Laing, 1920 : 39) noted the presence of this species in the Buckton Collection, though Buckton published no description of it. The slide (454), labelled Atheroides serrulatus by Buckton but with no other data, contains two apterae. setariae Passerini, Tychea (1883 : 88, pi. 128): fundatrix (figs i, 2, 2a) = Geoica setulosa (Passerini) apterous viviparous female on 457, fundatrigenia (figs 3, 3a) = Geoica eragwstidis (Passerini) (456), 'matured individual' (figs 4, 4a, 4b) = For da formicaria von Heyden (4570). setulosa Passerini, Tychea (1883 : 87, pi. 127) : viviparous female (figs 5, 6) = Geoica eragrostidis (Passerini) (458, 531], Variety' (fig. 7) = Anoecia Icorni (F.) group (534 solidaginis (F.), Siphonophora (1876 : 156, pi. 25) = Dactynotus (Uromelari) solidaginis (F.) (461). sonchi (L.), Siphonophora (1876 : 161, pi. 28) = Dactynotus jaceicola Hille Ris Lambers (463). Details of head and abdominal apex (figs 3, 4) have been drawn from an alate D. (U.) taraxaci (Kaltenbach) (462}. sorbi Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 5$, pi. 54) = Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (464, 465). spirothecae Koch [sic], Pemphigus (1881 : 122, pis in, 112) : the aptera on pi. in (fig. 8) is unidentifiable with any extant specimen. The gall (pi. in, fig. 9) is possibly the work of P. immunis Buckton, drawn from one sent by Lichtenstein ; the galls on plate 112 (figs 1-3) are of P. spirothecae Passerini, also from Lichten- stein. The sexuales (pi. 112, figs 4-6) are unidentifiable with extant specimens. The originals of these figures are missing. stellariae (Hardy), Brachycolus (1879 : X 47> pi- 85). The only extant material named stellariae is Holcaphis hold Hille Ris Lambers (468, 469) sent by Hardy from Wooler, Northumberland. Both Buckton and Hardy believed stellariae and hold (Hardy, nomen nudum) to be the same insect, which in summer migrated from Stellaria to Holcus. subterranea Walker, Aphis (1879 : 38, pi. 47; 1883 : 105, pi. 130): aptera (pi. 47, fig. 5) = Aphis sambuci L. larva (475), alata (pi. 130, fig. 2) = Anuraphis subterranea (Walker) (472-474}. tanaceti (L.), Siphonophora (1876 : 151, pi. 23) : aptera (fig. i) = Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan (476), alata (fig. 2) = Dactynotus sp. indet. (not identifiable with a specimen). tanaceticola (Kaltenbach), Siphonophora (1876 : 159, pi. 27) ? = Dactynotus tanaceti (L.) (477)- tanacetina Walker, Aphis (1879 : 63) = Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) 96 J. P. DONCASTER (478, 479). There are no published figures of tanacetina, but a sheet of coloured sketches of larva, nymphs and alata with accompanying notes agree with the specimens and the data of the two slides. tiliae (L.), Pterocallis (1881 : 34, pi. 93) = Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) (486-488). The description and figure of the 'apterous viviparous female' appear to have been based on an ovipara on 486. trirhoda (Walker), Hyahpterus (1879 : 114, pi. 77) = Longicaudus trirhodus (Walker) (490, 491). trivialis Passerini, Tychea (1883 : 86, pi. 127) : ovipara (fig. 3) = Geoica eragrostidis (Passerini) apterous viviparous female (531), larva (fig. 4) = Anoecia Icorni (F.) group (531). troglodytes von Heyden, Trama (1881 : 68, pi. 102) = mixture of Trama troglodytes von Heyden and Neotrama caudata (del Guercio) (385, 386). tussilaginis (Walker), Siphonophora (1876 : 159, pi. 27) = Dactynotus tussilaginis (Walker) (496). ulicis Walker, Aphis. Buckton (1879 : 84) regards ulicis as a 'variation' of rumicis L. (= fabae Scopoli). His apterae from furze on 498 are ulicis Walker. ulmi (L.), Schizoneura (1881 : 97, pis 108, 109) = Schizoneura ulmi (L.) (504, 506). ulmi DeGeer, Tetraneura (1881 : 131, pi. 114) = Tetraneura ulmi (L.) (499, 500, 502, 503). The ovipara (fig. 8) is drawn from a specimen probably sent to Buckton by Kessler from Kassel (499). The larva (fig. 10), bred from a migrant captured in flight, is one of several (501) which I believe to be Prociphilus bumeliae (Schrank) (cf. Mordvilko, 1935 ; 84, fig. 17). Unfortunately the parent migrant has not been preserved. urticae (Kaltenbach), Siphonophora (1876 : 143, pi. 19) = Microhphium carnosum (Buckton) (511, 512). urticaria Kaltenbach, Aphis (1879 : 50, pi. 51) : apterous and alate viviparous females (figs i, 4) = Aphis urticata F. (509, W.I04O), nymph (fig. 3, from gooseberry according to MS notes) probably = Aphis grossulariae Kaltenbach (unidentifiable with a specimen). viburni Schrank, Aphis (1879 : 77, pi. 61) : apterous viviparous female (fig. i) = Aphis viburni Scopoli (515), nymph (fig. 2) and alata (fig. 3) = Cerur aphis eriophori (Walker) (5x6, 5x7), alate male (fig. 4) = Aphis fabae Scopoli alate female (422), ovipara (fig. 5) = Aphis fabae Scopoli ovipara (425). viminalis (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Lachnus (1881 : 53, pi. 99) = Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) (439-422). xylostei (Schrank), Siphocoryne (1879 : 25, pi. 44) = Hyadaphis foeniculi (Passerini) (5*4)- BIBLIOGRAPHY BAKER, A. C. 1917. Eastern aphids, new or little known. J. econ. Ent. 10 : 420-433. - 1920. Control of Aphids injurious to orchard fruits. Currant, Gooseberry and Grape. Fmrs' Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 1128 : 1-48. BALACHOWSKY, A. & CAIRASCHI, A. 1941. Deux Aphides nouveaux recoltes dans 1'ile de Port Cros (Var). Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 46 : 99-104. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 97 BASU, A. N. & HILLE Ris LAMBERS, D. 1968. One new genus and three new species of Indian aphids (Homoptera, Aphididae). Ent. Ber., Amst. 28 : 7-14. BIGNELL, G. C. 1898. Notes on Aphides. Entomologists' mon. Mag. 34 : 6. BLANCHARD, E. E. 1922. Aphid Notes. Physis B. Aires 5 : 184-214. BORNER, C. 1920. Wanderungen der Johannisbeer- und Kirschen-blattlause. Mitt. biol. Reichsanst. Ld- u. Forstw. 18 : 119-120. 1926. Ziichtung der Homopteren. In Abderhalden, Handb. biol. ArbMeth., Abt. 9, 1(2) : 215-270. Berlin. 1930. Beitrage zu einem neuen System der Blattlause. Arch, klassif. phylogen. Ent. 1 : 115-180. 1938. Cryptomyzus korschelti n. sp. Die Blattlausder Alpenjohannisbeere. Z.PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 48 : 472-480. 1940. Neue Blattlause aus Mitteleuropa. (Self-published). Naumburg, 4 pp. - 1942. Weitere neue europaische Blattlausarten. Veroff. dt. Kolon. u. Ubersee-Mus. Bremen 3 : 259-266, 273-276. - 1949. Kleine Beitrage zur Monographic der europaischen Blattlause. Beitr. tax. Zool. 1 : 44-62. - 1952/53. Europae Centralis Aphides. Mitt, thiiring. hot. Ges. 3 : 1-488. (Vol. i, pp. 1-259; Vol. 2, pp. 265-484 (1952), pp. 485-488 (i953)-) - & HEINZE, K. 1957. Tierische Schadlinge und Nutzpflanzen, 2. Homoptera 2. In Sorauer, Handb. PflKrankh. 5 : 1-576. Berlin. - & SCHILDER, F. A. 1932. Aphidina. In Sorauer, Handb. PflKrankh. 5 (2) : 551-715. Berlin. BOYER DE FONSCOLOMBE, M. 1841. Descriptions des pucerons qui se trouvent aux environs d'Aix. Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 10 : 157-198. BRAUN, R. 1938. Die Honigtaufrage und die honigtauliefernden Kienlause (Cinarini C. B.). Z. angew. Ent. 24 : 461-510. BUCKTON, G. B. 1876. Monographof the British Aphides 1 : iii-j-i93 pp. Ray Society, London. 1879. Ibid. 2 i 88 i. Ibid. 3 1883. Ibid. 4 i?5 PP- ii + 142 pp. ix + 228 pp. - 1886. Notes on the occurrence in Britain of some undescribed Aphides. Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1886 : 323-328. - 18890. In Atkinson, E. T. Notes on Indian insect pests. Rhynchota. Indian Mus. Notes 1 (i) : 6. - 18896. Gall-insects. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (2) 5 : 141-142. - 18910. Ceylon Tea Aphid. Indian Mus. Notes 2 (i) : 34-35. - 18916. Baluchistan Fruit Tree Aphid. Indian Mus. Notes 2 (i) : 40-41. - 18930. A new gall-making aphid. Indian Mus. Notes 3 (i) : 71-73. - 18936. Notes on Indian Aphides. Indian Mus. Notes 3 (2) : 87-88. - i893c. Notes on Indian Aphidae. Indian Mus. Notes 3 (3) : 108-109. - 1896. Note on two new species of gall-aphids from the north-western Himalayan Region. Indian Mus. Notes 4 (2) : 50-51. - 18990. The Pear-tree Aphis, Lachnus pyri Buckton. Indian Mus. Notes 4 (5) : 274-276. - 18996. Notes on two new species of Aphids. Indian Mus. Notes 4 (5) : 277-278. 1901. Aphides in ants' nests. Sci. Gossip (N.S.) 7 : 257. BURMEISTER, H. 1835. Handbuch der Entomologie 2 : 85-95. Berlin. CARTER, C. I. 1971. Conifer Woolly Aphids (Adelgidae) in Britain. Bull. For. Commn, Lond. 42 : 1-51. CHOLODKOVSKY, N. 1897. Beitrage zu einer Monographic der Coniferen-Lause I. Trudy russk. ent. Obshch. 30 : 1-102. COURCHET, L. 1879. Etude sur les galles produites par les Aphidiens. Faculte de Pharmacie, Montpellier. 106 pp. DAS, B. 1918. The Aphididae of Lahore. Mem. Indian Mus. 6 : 135-274. 98 J. P. DONCASTER DAVATCHI, A. G. 1958. Etude biologique de la Faune entomologique des Pistacia sauvages et cultives. Revue Path. veg. Ent. agric. Fr. 37 : 1-166. DAVIS, J. J. 1911. List of the Aphididae of Illinois, with notes on some of the species. /. econ. Ent. 4 : 325-331. 19140. New or little-known species of Aphididae. Can. Ent. 46 : 121-134. 19146. The yellow clover aphis. Tech. Ser. Bur. Ent. U.S. 25 : 17-40. DICKSON, R. C. 1959. On the identity of the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid in North America. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 52 : 63-68. , LAIRD, E. F. & PESHO, G. R. 1955. The Spotted Alfalfa Aphid (Yellow Clover Aphid on Alfalfa). Hilgardia 24 : 93-118. DONCASTER, J. P. 1961. Francis Walker's Aphids. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, viii + 165 pp. - 1966. Notes on some Indian aphids described by G. B. Buckton. Entomologist 99 : 157-160. - 1969. Some species of Pemphigus (Homoptera, Aphididae), described from the Indian region by G. B. Buckton. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 38 : 157-164. DONISTHORPE, H. ST. J. K. 1902. Notes on the British myrmicophilous fauna (excluding Coleoptera). Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 14 : 37-40. - 1927. The Guests of British Ants, their habits and life-histories. London, Routledge, xxiii + 244 pp. EASTOP, V. F. 1966. A taxonomic study of Australian Aphidoidea (Homoptera). A ust. J. Zool. 14 : 399-592. ESSIG, E. O. 1917. Aphididae of California. Univ. Calif. Publs Ent. 1 : 301-346. 1938. Aphids feeding on celery in California. The Lily Aphid. Hilgardia 11 : 476-478. FABRICIUS, J. C. 1775. Systema Entomologiae : 733-742. Flensburgi & Lipsiae. 1781. Species Insectorum . . . 2 : 517 pp. [Aphids pp. 384-390]. Hamburg & Kiel. FERRARI, P. M. 18720. Aphididae Liguriae. Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Giacomo Doria 2 : 49-85. - 18726. Species Aphididarum hucusque in Liguria lectos. Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Giacomo Doria 3 : 209-236. FITCH, A. 1855. First report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of New York. Trans. N.Y. St. agric. Soc. 14 : 705-880. 1856. Third report on noxious and other insects of the State of New York. Trans. N.Y. St. agric. Soc. 16 : 315-477. FULLAWAY, D. T. 1909. Report of the Entomologist. Synopsis of Hawaiian Aphididae. Rep. Hawaii, agric. Exp. Stn : 17-46. GEORGE, C. J. 1928. South Indian Aphididae. /. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 23 : 1-12. GHOSH, A. K., & RAYCHAUDHURI, D. N. 1968. Aphids (Insecta, Hemiptera) of Sikkim. Proc. zool. Soc. Calcutta 21 : 179-195. GHULAMULLAH. 1941. Aphididae and some other Rhynchota from Afghanistan. Indian J. Ent. 3 : 225-238. GILLETTE, C. P. 1908. New species of Colorado Aphididae, with notes upon their life-habits. Can. Ent. 40 : 17-20. & PALMER, M. A. 1924. New Colorado Lachnini. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 17 : 144. & - 1931. The Aphididae of Colorado I. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 24 : 827-934. & 1934. The Aphididae of Colorado III. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 27 : 133-255. GMELIN, J. F. 1790. Caroli a Linne . . . Systema Naturae. Ed. XIII, aucta, reformata. (1788-1793). Tom. I [1790] pars IV : Aphis 2201-2211. Lipsiae. GOEZE, J. A. E. 1778. Entomologische Beytrdge zu des Ritters Linne zwolften Ausgabe des Natur systems 2 : 286-318. Leipzig. GOOT, P. VAN DER, 1912. l)ber einige noch nicht oder nur unvollstandig beschriebene Blatt- lausarten. Tijdschr. Ent. 55 : 58-96. - 1915. Beitrdge zur Kenntnis der Holldndischen Blattlduse. Haarlem & Berlin. 600 pp., 8 pi. 1917. Zur Kenntnis der Blattlause Java's. Contrib. Faune Indes Nterlandaises 3 : 1-301. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 99 GUERCIO, G. DEL, igoo. Prospetto dell'Afidofauna Italica. Nuove Relaz. R. Staz. Ent. agr. 2 : 1-236. 1909. Contribuzione alia conoscenza dei Lacnidi Italian!. Redia 5 : iii-iv, 173-359. 1911. Intorno ad alcuni Afidi della Penisola Iberica e di altre localita, raccolti dal Prof. J. S. Tavares. Redia 7 : 296-333. 1917. Contribuzione alia conoscenza degli Afidi. Redia 12 : 197-277. HALL, W. J. 1926. Notes on the Aphididae of Egypt. Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt tech. scient. Sew. 68 : viii + 62 pp. HARTIG, T. 1841. Versuch einer Eintheilung der Pnanzenlause (Phytophthires Burm.) nach der Fliigelbildung. Z. Ent. (Germar) 3 : 359-376. HEIE, O. 1960. A list of Danish aphids, i. Ent. Meddr 29 : 193-211. 1969. A list of Danish aphids, 7. Ent. Meddr 37 : 373-385. HENRICH, C. 1910. Die Blattlause Aphididae der Umgebung von Hermannstadt. Verh. Mitt, siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 59 : 1-104. HEYDEN, C. H. G. VON, 1837. Entomologische Beitrage. Hemipt. Aphid. Mus. senckenb. 2 : 289-299. HILLE Ris LAMBERS, D. i93ia. Contribution to the knowledge of the Aphididae (Horn.) I. Tijdschr. Ent. 74 : 169-183. I93I&. Notes on the Aphididae of Venezia Tridentina, with descriptions of new species. I. Memorie Mus. Stor. nat. Venezia trident. 1 (1-2) : n pp. - 1933. Notes on Theobald's "The Plantlice or Aphididae of Great Britain". Stylops 2 : 169-176. 1934- Notes on Theobald's "The Plantlice or Aphididae of Great Britain" II & III. Stylops 3 : 25-33. 1938. Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. I. Temminckia 3 : 1-44. 1939- Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. II. Ibid. 4 : 1-134. 1945- De Bloedvlekkenluis van Appel. Tijdschr. PIZiekt. 51 : 57-69. - 1947. Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. III. Temminckia 7 : 179-319. 1948. On Palestine Aphids. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 99 : 269-289. - 1949. Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. IV. Temminckia 8 : 182-323. 1950. Neue Blattlause aus der Schweiz (III). Mitt, schweiz. ent. Ges. 23 (i) : 37-46. 1953. Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. V. Temminckia 9 : 1-176. 1955- Two new species of Sappaphis Mats. (Homopt., Aphid.). Ent. Ber., Amst. 15 : 304-309. & BASU, A. N. 1966. Some new or little known genera, subgenera, species and subspecies of Aphididae from India. Ent. Ber., Amst. 26 : 12-36. & VAN DEN BOSCH, R. 1964. On the genus Therioaphis Walker, 1870, with descriptions of new species (Homoptera, Aphididae). Zoo/. Verh., Leiden 68 : 1-47. HORI, M. 1929. Studies of the noteworthy species of plant lice in Hokkaido. Rep. Hokkaido natn. agric. Exp. Stn 23 : 1-163. HOTTES, F. C. 1930. Aphid homonyms. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 43 : 179-184. 1949- Notes on a little known work by Ph. F. Gmelin published in 1758 wherein he describes some new species of Aphis. Pan-Pacif. Ent. 25 : 83-87. & BRADLEY, G. A. 1953. Two new species of Cinara (Homoptera, Aphididae) from Ontario. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 66 : 85-88. & ESSIG, E. O. 1953. Descriptions of new species of Cinara from western United States. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 66 : 159-172. & FRISON, T. H. 1931. The Plant Lice or Aphididae of Illinois. Bull. III. nat. Hist. Surv. 19 (3) : 121-447. too J. P. DONCASTER JACOB, F. H. 1946. A new British species of Myzaphis van der Goot associated with wild roses, Myzaphis bucktoni sp. n.; and a comparison with M. rosarum (Kalt.) (Hem., Aphid.). Proc. R. ent. Soc, Land. (B) 14 : 102-110. JUDENKO, E. 1930. Data concerning the fauna and the biology of plant lice (Aphididae) from the surroundings of Pulawy. Polskie Pismo ent. 9 : 129-186. KALTENBACH, J. H. 1843. Monographie der Familien der Pflanzenlause. (Phytophthires) . Aachen, xliii + 222 pp. - 1856. Die Deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten. Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. 13 : 236. KESSLER, H. F. 1881. Die auf Populus nigra L. und Populus dilatata Ait. vorkommenden Aphiden-Arten und die von denselben bewirkten Missbildungen. Abh. Ber. Ver. Naturk. Cassel 28 : 36-76. KIRBY, W. F. 1907. George Bowdler Buckton, 1818-1905. Proc. R. Soc. B. 79 : xlv-xlviii. KLOET, G. S. & HINCKS, W. D. 1945. A Check List of British Insects. Stockport. lix + 483 pp. & 1964. A Check List of British Insects. 2nd Ed. Part i. London, xv + 119 PP- KNECHTEL, W. K. & MANOLACHE, C. I. 1940. Neue Blattlausarten fur Rumanien. Bull. Sect, scient. Acad. roum. 23 : 162-171. & 1945. Neue Blattlause fur Rumanien. Bull. Sect, scient. Acad. roum. 27 : 475-485. KNOWLTON, G. F. 1929. Notes on a few species of Myzini from Utah with descriptions of two new species. Can. Ent. 61 : 9-15. KOCH, C. L. 1854-1857. Die Pflanzenlause Aphiden. Nurnberg. i. pp. 1-134, J 854- 2. pp. 135-236, 1855. 3. pp. 237-334 & plates, 1856. Index, 1857. LAING, F. 1919. Two species of British Aphides. Entomologist's mon. Mag. 55 : 272-274. 1920. On the genus Atheroides Haliday. Ibid. 56 : 38-45. 1923. Aphidological Notes (Hemiptera-Homoptera) . Ibid. 59 : 238-247. LEONARD, M. D. 1963. The distribution and habits of the Mint Aphid Ovatus crataegarius (Walker). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 65 : 55-62. LICHTENSTEIN, W. A. J. 1885. Les Pucerons. Monographie des Aphidiens. Pt. i. pp. 1-185, 4 plates. Montpellier. 1886. Monographie des Pucerons du Peuplier. pp. 1-42. Montpellier. LINDINGER, L. 1912. Die Schildlduse (Coccidae). Stuttgart, Eugen Ulmer, 388 pp. - 1932. Literaturstudie liber einige Blattlausgallen (Aphid). Ent. Z., Frank/ . a. M. 45 (20) : 273-279. LINNAEUS, C. 1746. Fauna Svecica, sistens Animalia Sveciae Regni Quadrupedia, Aves. Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Distributa per Classes et Ordines, Genera et Species. Lugd. Batav. [Aphis, Chermes : 214-218.] 1758. Systema Naturae, ed. 10, vol. 1, 823 + i p. emendanda & addenda. Holmiae. 1767. Idem., ed. 12, pp. 733-739. Holmiae. MACCHIATI, L. 1885. Flora degli Afidi dei dintorni di Cuneo, colla descrizione di alcune specie nuove. Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 17 : 51-70. MAMET, J. R. 1967. A few species of Aphididae (Homoptera) new to the fauna of the Islands of Reunion and Mauritius. Bull. Maurit. Inst. 6 (2) : 63. MASON, P. W. 1925. A revision of the insects of the Aphid Genus Amphorophora. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 67 (20) : 1-92. 1927. Fauna sumatrensis Aphiidae. Supplta ent. 15 : 86-90. MATSUMURA, S. 1918. New Aphidinae of Japan. Trans Sapporo nat. Hist. Soc. 7 (i) : 1-22. MIMEUR, J. M. 1934. Aphididae du Maroc. Mem. Soc. Sci. nat. Phys. Maroc 40 : 1-71. MIYAZAKI, M. 1968. A revision of the fern aphids of Japan with descriptions of three new species. Insecta matsum. 31 (3) : 13-24. MONELL, J. 1882. Notes on Aphididae. Can. Ent. 14 : 13-16. MONZEN, K. 1929. Studies on some gall-producing Aphides and their galls. Saito Ho-on Kai Monog. No. 1 : 1-80. Sendai. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 101 MORDVILKO, A. 1894. On the fauna and anatomy of the Family Aphididae of the Basin of the Vistula. Rab. Lab. zool. Kab. imp. varsch. Univ. 3 : 1-274. - 1909. Uber den Ursprung der Erscheinung von Zwischenwirten bei den tierischen Parasiten. Biol. Zbl. 29 : 369-381. 1914. Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. I. Insecta. Hemiptera 1 : 1-236+ 9 pp. addenda. Zool. Mus. Acad. Sci., Petrograd. [In Russian]. - 1919. Ibid. 2. Insecta. Hemiptera 1 (2) : 237-508. Zool. Mus. Acad. Sci., Petrograd. [In Russian]. 1929. Food Plant Catalogue of the Aphididae of the U.S.S.R. Trudy prikl. Ent. 14 : i-ioo. [In Russian]. - 1935- Die Blattlause mit unvollstandigem Generationszyklus und ihre Entstehung. Ergebn. Fortschr. Zool. 8 : 36-328. MORITSU, M. 1948. The Genus Megoura Buckton in Japan, with note on the variation of the external characters in Megoura viciae japonica (Matsumura). Mushi 18 (13) : 83-88. MOSLEY, O. 1841. Aphides. Gdnrs' Chron. 1 : 628, 684, 747-748, 827-828. MULLER, F. P. 1965. Blattlause (Homoptera: Aphidina) von den Azoren und von Madeira. Bolm Mus. munic. Funchal 19 : 5-15. NEVSKY, V. P. 1929. The plant lice of Central Asia. Trudy uzbekist. opyt. Sta. Zashch. Rast. 16 : 1-425. [In Russian]. NIETNER, J. 1861. Observations on the enemies of the Coffee Tree in Ceylon. Ceylon. 31 pp. OESTLUND, O. W. 1887. Synopsis of the Aphididae of Minnesota. Bull. Minn. geol. nat. Hist. Sum. 4 : i-ioo. 1922. A synoptical key to the Aphididae of Minnesota. Rep. Minn. St. Ent. 19 : 1 14-151. OPMANIS, K. 1928. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Aphidenfauna Lettlands. Latv. Univ. Rah. 18 : 1-154. [Reprint.] OSSIANNILSSON, F. 1959. Contributions to the knowledge of Swedish aphids. II. Lantbr- Hogsk. Annlr 25 : 375-527. PAIK, W. H. 1965. Aphids of Korea. Seoul National University, Korea. 160 pp. PASSERINI, G. 1856. Gli insetti autori delle galle del Terebinto e del Lentisco insieme ad alcuni specie congeneri. Giornale i Giardini 3 : 260-264. Mediolani. 1860. Gli Afidi con un prospetto dei generi ed alcune specie nuove Italiane. Parma. 40 pp. 1863. Aphididae italicae hucusque observatae. ArchoZool.Anat.Fisiol.2,iasc.2: 129-212. PATCH, E. M. 1912. Aphid pests of Maine. Bull. Me agric. Exp. Stn 202 : 159-178. - 1914- Currant and gooseberry aphids in Maine. Bull. Me agric. Exp. Stn 225 : 49-60. PINTERA, A. 1956. Monographische Ubersicht der europaischen Zierlause (Homoptera, Aphidoidea). Roc. csl. Spol. ent. 53 : 115-142. QUEDNAU, \V. 1954. Monographic der mitteleuropaischen Callaphididae, unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung des ersten Jugendstadiums. Mitt. biol. Reichsanst. Ld- u.Forstw. 78 : 5-53. RATZEBURG, J. T. C. 1843. Bericht iiber einige neue, den Waldbaumen schadliche Rhynchoten. Stettin, ent. Ztg 3 : 201-202. RICHARDS, W. R. 1965. The Callaphidini of Canada. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 44 : 1-149. ROBINSON, A. G. 1966. Review of the Fern Aphids in North America with descriptions of a new species and a new genus. Can. Ent. 98 (12) : 1252-1259. RONDANI, C. 1848. Osservazioni sopra parecchie specie di Esapodi Afidicidi. Familia Hemipterorum, Aphidinae, Mihi. Nuovi Ann. Sci. nat. Bologna (2) 9 : 3437. SANBORN, C. E. 1904. Kansas Aphididae. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 3 : 1-82. SCHOUTEDEN, H. 1901. Le genre Siphonophora C. Koch. Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 45 : 111-117. 1902. Aphidologische Notizen. Zool. Am. 25 : 654-657. 1903. Les Aphidocecidies palearctiques. Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 47 : 167-193. 19060. Catalogue des Aphides de Belgique. Mem. Soc. r. ent. Belg. 12 : 189-246. - 19066. A supplementary list to Kirkaldy's Catalogue of the Aphidae described as new from 1885. Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 50 : 30-36. I9o6c. Un nouvel ennemi du cacaoyer en Afrique. Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 50 : 37-39. SCHRANK, P. VON, i8oi. Fauna Boica 2 (i) : 1-374. Ingolstadt. 102 J. P. DONCASTER SHAPOSHNIKOV, G. KH. 1964. In Bey-Bienko, G. Y., Classification Keys to the insects of the European part of the U.S.S.R., Aphidinea 1 : 489-616. Acad. Sci., Moscow & Leningrad. [In Russian]. SHINJI, G. O. 1922. New genera and species of Japanese Aphididae. Zoo/. Mag. Tokyo 34 : 787-800. [In Japanese]. - 1933. Three new species of Amphorophora. Zool. Mag. Tokyo 45 : 347-351- [In Japanese]. 1941. General Study of Japanese Aphids. 1215 pp. Shukyosha, Tokyo. [In Japanese]. SHIRAKI, T. 1913. Inquiry into harmful insects in general. Spec. Rep. Formosa agric. Exp. Stn 8 : 1-670. [In Japanese]. SMITH, C. F., MARTORELL, L. F. & PEREZ-ESCOLAR, M. E. 1963. Aphididae of Puerto Rico. Tech. Pap. agric. Exp. Stn P. Rico 37 : 1-121. STROYAN, H. L. G. 1955. Recent additions to the British Aphid Fauna. Part II. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 106 : 283-340. 19570. The British species of Sappaphis Matsumura. Part I. Introduction and Subgenus Sappaphis sensu stricto. 59 pp. London, H.M.S.O. 19570. Further additions to the British Aphid Fauna. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 109 : 311-360. - 1963. The British species of Dysaphis Borner. Part 2. The Subgenus Dysaphis sensu stricto. 119 pp. + 7 PP- index (1965). London, H.M.S.O. SWAIN, A. F. 1918. New Aphididae from California. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 44 : 1-23.. 1919. A Synopsis of the Aphididae of California. Univ. Calif. Publs Ent. 3 : 1221. 1921. Miscellaneous Studies in the Family Aphididae (Hem. Horn.). V. Notes on some Lachnids in the British Museum. Ent. News 32 : 209-213, 225-229. SZELEGIEWICZ, H. 1962. Materialy do poznania mszyc (Homoptera, Aphididae) Polski, I. Podrodzina Lachninae. Fragm. faun. 10 : 6398. 1965. Studies on the Tribe Pterocommatini Mordv. (Homoptera, Aphididae). Part I. Phylogeny and Generic Classification. Annls zool. Warsz. 23 : 251-301. TAKAHASHI, R. 1931. Aphididae of Formosa. Part 6. Rep. Govt Res. Inst. Dep. Agric. Formosa 53 : 1-127. 1932. Additions to the aphid fauna of Formosa (Hemiptera). Philipp. J. Sci. 48 : 69-75. 1933. Pemphigella aedificator Buckton produces galls in Formosa (Aphididae, Hemiptera). Trans, nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 23 : 352-353. - 1938. Some Aphididae from South China and Hainan (Homoptera). III. Trans, nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 28 : 11-14. - 1966. Some Aphididae from Afghanistan (Homoptera). Results Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakoram and Hindukush, 1955, 8 : 263-269. TAG, C. C. 1962. Revision of Chinese Aphinae. Plant Protection Bulletin 4 (3) : 95-110. (Publ. by Plant Protection Society of Republic of China.) TASHEV, D. 1964. Contribution to the aphid fauna of Bulgaria. Izv. zool. Inst. Sof. 16 : 161-164. THEOBALD, F. V. 1912. The Aphides attacking Ribes, with descriptions of two new species. /. econ. Biol. 7 : 94-116. - 1913. The British species of the genus Macrosiphum Passerini. /. econ. Biol. 8 : 47-94, II3-I54- 1915. African Aphididae. II. Bull. ent. Res. 6 : 103-153. 1917. Notes on new and little-known British aphides. III. Entomologist 50 : 76-82. 1918. African Aphididae. III. Bull. ent. Res. 8 : 273-294. 1919. New and little-known British aphides. V. Entomologist 52 : 157-161. 1923. New species of British aphides. Entomologist's mon. Mag. (3) 9 : 23-28. 1925. New and little-known British aphides. Entomologist's mon. Mag. 61 : 71-81. - 1926. The Plant Lice or Aphididae of Great Britain. 1 : 327 pp. Headley Bros., Ashford, Kent. 1927. Ibid. 2: 411 pp. 1929. Ibid. 3: 364 pp. BUCKTON'S WORKS ON APHIDOIDEA 103 TIMBERLAKE, P. H. 1924. Notes on Hawaiian Aphidae, with a list of food plants. Proc. Hawaii, ent. Soc. 5 : 450-460. TSENG, S. & TAG, C. 1936. A list of the Aphididae of China with descriptions of four new species. Entomology Phytopath. 4 : 120-176. TULLGREN, A. 1909. Aphidologische Studien. I. Ark. Zool. 5 (14) : 1-190. VALLOT, J. J. 1836. Observations sur deux insectes Hemipteres qui vivent, 1'un sur le meleze et 1'autre sur le cafier. C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 1836 : 72-73. VILLERS, C. J. DE, 1789. C. Linnaei Entomologia Faunae Suecicae. Editio tertia. Lugduni. Aphis, Chermes : 540-558. WALKER, F. 18480. Descriptions of Aphides. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (2) 2 : 190-203. 18486. Descriptions of Aphides. Zoologist 6 : 2246-2252. 18490. Descriptions of Aphides. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (2) 3 : 43-53. 18496. Descriptions of Aphides. Zoologist 7 : Appendix xxxi-xl, xliii-lvii. 1850. Descriptions of Aphides. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (2) 5 : 14-28, 269-281, 388-395. 1852. List of the specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collections of the British Museum, Part IV. London, pp. 934-1056. WILLCOCKS, F. C. 1922. A survey of the more important Economic Insects and Mites in Egypt. Bull, agric. Soc. Cairo 1 : 1-482. 1925. The Aphides of Wheat and Barley. InThe Insect and Related Pests of Egypt 2 : 104-129 Sultanic agric. Soc., Cairo. WILSON, H. F. & VICKERY, R. A. 1918. A species list of the Aphididae of the world and their recorded food plants. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 19 : 25-355. WOLCOTT, G. N. 1948. The Insects of Puerto Rico. /. Agric. Univ. P. Rico 32 : 146-156. ZWOLFER, H. 1957-1958. Zur Systematik, Biologic und Okologie unterirdisch lebender Aphiden. Part I. Anoeciinae. Z. angew. Ent. 40 : 182-221. Part II. Tetraneurini & Pemphigini. Ibid. 40 : 528-575. Part III. Fordinae. Ibid. 42 : 129-172. INDEX i. Genus-group Names Acyrthosiphon, 32, 41, 92, 93, 94 Adelges, 29, 36, 87, 89, 91 Amphorophora, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34 41, 45, 94 Anoecia, 89, 90, 95, 96 Anuraphis, 36, 47, 49, 61, 62, 74, 90, 95 Aphidula, 74, 75 Aphis, 29, 30, 31, 34, 36, 39, 40, 41, 47, 49, 52, 55. 57. 6 . 6l . 6 9, 7 2 > 73. 74. 75. 7 6 . 8 . 8l . 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 Aploneura, 29, 58, 90 Appelia, 88 Astegopteryx, 28, 30, 38, 39 Atheroides, 95 Aulacorthum, 28, 29, 45, 69, 70, 89, 90 Baizongia, 29, 31, 32, 54 Betulaphis, 40, 88 Brachycaudus, 29, 39, 47, 49, 60, 73, 76, 77, 88, 92, 93, 95 Brachycolus, 30, 69, 95 Brevicoryne, 88 Calaphis, 39 Callaphis, 30, 91 Callipterinella, 29, 39 Callipterus, 29, 44, 66, 88, 89, 94 Capitophorus, 81, 90 Cavariella, 88, 90, 93, 94 Cerataphis, 45, 91 Ceruraphis, 36, 90, 96 Ceylonia, 29, 30, 84 Chaetosiphon, 94 Chaitophorus, 29, 39, 58, 66, 87, 88, 92, 93, 94 Chermes, 29, 36, 83, 84, 87, 89, 91 Chromaphis, 91 Cinara, 28, 29, 50, 51, 65, 66, 91, 93 Colopha, 89 Coloradoa, 35 Corylobium, 88 Cryptomyzus, 29, 81, 82, 94 Cryptosiphum, 28, 30, 34, 35 Cupressobium, 50, 51 io 4 INDEX Dactynotus, 28, 29, 70, 71, 72, 73, 83, 89, 91, 95. 96 Dasia, 31 Dentatus, 36, 61 Dilachnus, 50, 81 Drepanosiphum, 87, 93 Dreyfusia, 89 Dryobius, 89, 94 Dysaphis, 28, 29, 36, 37, 47, 49, 61, 62, 88, 92, 93 Elatobium, 87 Endeis, 29. 31, 41, 54 75 Eriosoma 91 Eucallipterus, 96 Euceraphis, 55, 88, Eulachnus, 87 Forda, 29, 54, 86, 87, 90, 95 Geoica, 29, 41, 54, 75, 86, 95, 96 Glyphina, 29, 40, 41, 57, 77, 78, 88 Hayhurstia, 29, 69, 88 Holcaphis, 95 Hyadaphis, 96 Hyalopterus, 29, 51, 69, 88, 90, 93, 96 Hyperomyzus, 91, 94 Idiopterus, 92 Kallistaphis, 88 Kaltenbachiella, 92 Lachniella, 50, 89 Lachnus, 29, 50, 54, 55, 56, 65, 66, 81, 87, 89, 9i. 92, 93. 94. 96 Lecanium, 83 Liosomaphis, 88 Longicaudus, 29, 51, 52, 96 Longistigma, 92 Longiunguis, 93 Macrosiphoniella, 63, 87, 88, 92, 94 Macrosiphum, 28, 29, 41, 45, 52, 57, 63, 64, 70, 72, 73, 80, 81, 83, 89, 90, 94. 95 Megoura, 28, 30, 32, 84, 85, 86 Melanoxantherium, 80 Melanoxanthus, 30, 94 Metopeurum, 95 Metopolophium, 29, 58, 62, 63, 89 Microlophium, 28, 41, 93, 96 Mimeuria, 88 Mindarus, 78 Myzaphis, 52, 94 Myzella, 82 Myzocallis, 29, 39, 44, 66, 89 Myzus, 29, 45, 58, 61, 63, 70, 72, 73, 74, 80, 8 1, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94 Nasonovia, 29, 80, 88, 89, 91, 94 Neochmosis, 51 Neomyzus, 28, 45 Neorhizobius, 31, 58 Neotrama, 96 Oregma, 30, 38, 39 Orthezia, 41 Ovatus, 70 Panimerus, 50 Paracletus, 89 Pemphigella, 31 Pemphigus, 28, 29, 30, 31, 45, 47, 54, 58, 59, 72, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 95 Pentatrichopus, 94 Periphyllus, 58, 87 Phorodon, 90, 91 Phyllaphis, 55, 90 Physokermes, 84 Pineus, 89 Pleotrichophorus, 82 Pomaphis, 28, 29, 36, 61, 88, 92, 93 Procalaphis, 39 Prociphilus, 96 Pseudococcus, 83 Pseudolachnus, 34 Pseudoregma, 39 Pterocallidium, 66 Pterocallis, 88, 91, 96 Pterochloroides, 56 Pterochlorus, 55 Pterocomma, 28, 30, 78, 79, 80, 94 Ptychodes, 30, 91 Pyrolachnus, 28, 81 Rhizobius, 29, 30, 58, 61 Rhizoterus, 86 Rhopalosiphum, 29, 32, 52, 53, 62, 84, J 9i, 92, 93. 94. 95 Sappaphis, 36, 61 Schizodryobius, 55 Schizolachnus, 29, 57, 77 Schizoneura, 29, 53, 57, 89, 91, 93, 96 Semiaphis, 69 Sipha, 90 *, 89, INDEX Siphocoryne, 90, 93, 96 Siphonophora, 29, 41, 45, 57, 62, 63, 69, 70, 72, 80, 81, 83, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94. 95. 96 Sitobion, 28, 63, 64, 89, 90, 94 Smynthurodes, 54, 93 Stomaphis, 94 Submacrosiphum, 80 Tetraneura, 58, 94, 96 Thecabius, 87, 92 Thelaxes, 29, 36, 40, 89, Therioaphis, 28, 29, 66, 67, 68 Tinocallis, 93 Toxoptera, 29, 30, 84 Trama, 96 Tubaphis, 94 Tuberculoides, 94 Tuberolachnus, 29, 55, 56, 92, 96 Tychea, 41, 58, 90, 95, 96 Tycheoides, 31, 58 Uromelan, 73, 91, 95 Vacuna, 40 Yezabura, 36, 47 2. Species-group Names Names in italics are synonyms or otherwise invalid. A colon (:) between name and author indicates a misidentification. Page numbers in bold type refer to descriptions. abbreviata Patch, 74 abietinum Walker, 87 abietinus Koch, 78 abietis : Buckton, 87 abietis Geoffrey, 84 absinthii L., 87, 88 acericola Walker, 58, 87 acerinum Walker, 87 aceris : Buckton, 58, 87 acetosae Buckton, 29, 30-31 acetosae : Koch, 74 acetosae L., 29, 30 acetosella Theobald, 74 aedificator Buckton, 28, 29, 31, 32 aedificator : Takahashi, 31 aegopodii Scopoli, 88, 93 aeneus Hille Ris Lambers, 73 affinis Kaltenbach, 87, 92 agilis : Buckton, 87 agilis Kaltenbach, 87 agrostemnium Theobald, 80 alliariae Koch, 80, 88 alni DeGeer, 88 ampullata Buckton, 28, 30, 32-34 amygdali : Buckton, 88 annulatus Hartig, 94 annulatus Koch, 39 appelii Borner, 36 artemisiae Boyer de Fonscolombe, 34, 87 artemisiae Buckton, 28, 30, 34-36 artemisiae : Buckton, 88 artemisiae del Guercio, 35 artemisiae Passerini, 28, 34, 35 arundinis F., 88 assimilis Borner, 44 atratus Buckton, 29, 36 atriplicis L., 88 aucupariae Buckton, 28, 36-38 aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 29, 30, 84 auriculae Murray, 59 avellanae Schrank, 88 bambusae Buckton, 28, 30, 38-39 bambusicola Takahashi, 39 basalis Stroyan, 88 bellis Buckton, 29, 39 bengalensis Hille Ris Lambers & Basu, 34 berberidis Kaltenbach, 88 betae Westwood, 54, 93 betulae Buckton, 29, 39-40 betulae : Buckton, 41, 88 betulae Kaltenbach, 40 betulae: Kloet & Hincks, 39 betulae L., 29, 40 betularius : Buckton, 88 betulicola: Buckton, 88 betulina Buckton, 40-41 bibula Hottes, 84 boerneri Hille Ris Lambers, 93 brassicae L., 88 brevipilosus Borner, 87 bucktoni Jacob, 52 bumeliae Schrank, 96 bursarius: auctt. nee L., 59, 87 bursarius L., 88, 90, 91 cadiva Walker, 69 caerulescens Passerini, 94 callae Henrich, 45 calliptera Hartig, 29, 39 io6 INDEX camelliae Kaltenbach, 84 canadensis Hottes & Bradley, 51 capreae: Buckton, 88 capreae Mosley, 94 cardui L., 29, 60, 61, 73, 74, 88, 92 carnosa Buckton, 29, 41, 75 carnosum Buckton, 28, 41-44, 93, 96 carpini Koch, 88 caryae Harris, 92 castaneae Buckton, 29, 44-45 castaneae Fitch, 44 castanicola Baker, 29, 44 caudata del Guercio, 96 cerasi F., 89 chelidonii : Buckton, 89 cichorii : Buckton, 72, 80, 89 cichorii Koch, 29, 83 cimiciformis : Buckton, 89 cinchonae Buckton, 30, 45 circumflexum Buckton, 28, 45-47 cirsii : Hille Ris Lambers, 83 cirsii L., 29, 72, 73, 89 cistatus Buckton, 89 citrifoliae Shiraki, 84 coccineus Ratzeburg, 36 coccus Buckton, 29, 47 coffeae Nietner, 84 collina Borner, 66 compositellae Theobald, 91 compressa Koch, 89 confusa Walker, 76, 95 convolvuli : Buckton, 89 corni F., 89, 95, 96 cornicularius Passerini, 31 corticalis Kaltenbach, 89 coryli Goeze, 89 costata Zetterstedt, 89 crataegaria: Buckton, 89 crataegarius Walker, 70 crataegi : Buckton, 89 crataegi Kaltenbach, 92 crithmi Buckton, 28, 47-49 croaticus Koch, 89 cucubali Passerini, 29, 69 cucurbitae Buckton, 29, 49, 95 cupressi Buckton, 28, 50-51 cyparissiae : Buckton, 81, 89 cyperi Schouteden, 86 cytisorum Hartig, 91 davidsoni Swain, 44 devecta Walker, 92, 93 dianthi Schrank, 89 dilineatus Buckton, 29, 51-52 dirhodum, Walker 29, 58, 62, 63, 89 discreta Borner, 41 dispar Patch, 81 dryophila Schrank, 36, 89 dryopteridis Matsumura, 32 edentula Buckton, 29, 52-53 epilobiaria Theobald, 76, 90 epilobii : Buckton, 90 epilobii Kaltenbach, 76 eragrostidis : Buckton, 58, 90 eragrostidis Passerini, 29, 41, 54, 75, 95. 96 eragrostidis Schouteden, 58 eriophori Walker, 90, 96 evansi Theobald, 41, 44 evonymi F., 90 exsiccator Altum, 55 fabae Scopoli, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96 fagi L., 55, 90 farfarae Koch, 90 farinosa Gmelin, 94 filaginis Boyer de Fonscolombe, 90 flava Forbes, 90 fodiens Buckton, 29, 53-54 foeniculi Passerini, 90, 96 formicaria Heyden, 29, 54, 86, 87, 90, 95 formicina Buckton, 29, 31, 54 formicophilus Buckton, 29, 54, 55 fragariae : Buckton, 90 fragariae Walker, 89, 90 fuliginosa Buckton, 29, 57 fuliginosus Buckton, 29, 55-57 funestum Macchiati, 29, 81, 89 fuscifrons : Buckton, 90 fuscoviride Stroyan, 95 galeopsidis : Buckton, 90 galeopsidis Kaltenbach, 29, 81, 82 gallarum Gmelin, 34 gallarum Kaltenbach, 34 gallica Hille Ris Lambers, 62 genevei Sanborn, 66 githaginella Theobald, 74 githargo Theobald, 72 glandulosus Kaltenbach, 82 glauca Buckton, 29, 57 globulosus Theobald, 59 gossypii Glover, 29, 49, 95 gracilis Buckton, 29, 58 graminis Buckton, 29, 58-59 granaria: Buckton, 90 grossulariae Kaltenbach, 29, 61, 75, 76, 96 INDEX 107 hederae Kaltenbach, 90, 92 helichrysi : Hille Ris Lambers, 47, 49 helichrysi Kaltenbach, 29, 39, 47, 76, 77, 92, 93. 95 hieracii: Buckton, 90 hieracii Kaltenbach, 80, 91 hippophaes Walker, 90 hirticornis Walker, 87 holci Hille Ris Lambers, 95 humuli Schrank, 91 immunis Buckton, 28, 59, 60, 88, 95 impingens Walker, 40 insertum Walker, 29, 52, 53, 62, 92, 93 instabilis Buckton, 29, 60-61 jaceae L., 91 jaceicola Hille Ris Lambers, 95 jacobaeae Schrank, 91 juglandicola Kaltenbach, 91 juglandis Goeze, 30, 91 jujubae Buckton, 30, 61 juniperi DeGeer, 91 juniper i F., 91 juniperi : van der Goot, 50 juniperinus Mordvilko, 50 haltenbachi Hille Ris Lambers, 84 kaltenbachi Schouteden, 80 klugkisti Borner, 92 krishni George, 81 laburni Kaltenbach, 91 lactucae : Buckton, 80 lactucae Kaltenbach, 91 lactucae L., 91, 94 lactucae Schrank, 80 lactucarius Passerini, 91 laingi Mason, 34 lamii van der Goot, 81 lampsanae Borner, 91 lanigera Hausmann, 91 lanuginosa Hartig, 91 laricis Hartig, 91 laricis Vallot, 29, 36, 91 lataniae Boisduval, 91 lataniae Lichtenstein, 91 lentiginis Buckton, 29, 61-62 lentisci Passerini, 29, 58, 59, 90 leucomelas Koch, 92 lichtensteini Tullgren, 59 ligustri Kaltenbach, 92 ligustri Mosley, 92 longipennis Buckton, 29, 62-63 longipes : Buckton, 55, 92 longirostris Borner, 55, 89 longistigma Monell, 92 lutescens van der Goot, 38 luteum Buckton, 28, 63-65 lychnidis : Buckton, 92 lydiae Borner, 66 macrocephalus Buckton, 29, 65-66 maculata Buckton, 28, 29, 66-69 mahaleb: Buckton, 91 mali: Buckton, 61, 92 mali Ferrari, 61 malifolii : auctt. nee Fitch, 61 malvae Walker, 92 malvae Mosley, 92, 93 marcatus Hille Ris Lambers, 72 melanocephalus Buckton, 29, 69 melissae Walker, 70 menthae Buckton, 29, 69-70 millefolii DeGeer, 92 millefolii F., 92 muralis Buckton, 28, 70-72 myosotidis Koch, 92 napaeus : auctt. nee Buckton, 59 napaeus Buckton, 28, 72 nasturtii Kaltenbach, 29, 74, 75 neopolygoni Theobald, 74 nephrelepidis Davis, 92 nigra Hille Ris Lambers, 91 nordmannianae Eckstein, 89 nymphaeae L., 92 obscurus Koch, 83 oestlundi Hottes, 31 olivata Buckton, 29, 72-73 ononidis : Theobald, 66 opima Buckton, 29, 73-74 orchidearum, Westwood, 91 oxyacanthae Koch, 92, 93 oxyacanthae Schrank, 53 padi L., 92, 94, 95 pallida Haliday, 92 pallipes Hartig, 55 papaveris F., 92 papilionacearum Lindinger, 84 pastinacae : Buckton, 93 pedicularis Buckton, 29, 74-75 pelargonii Kaltenbach, 45, 93 pellucida Buckton, 29, 41, 75 penicillata Buckton, 29, 61, 75-76 io8 INDEX persicae Cholodkovsky, 56, 57 persicae Sulzer, 63, 70, 72, 73, 74, 89, 90, 92, 93 petasitidis Buckton, 29, 76-77 phaseoli Passerini, 93 phillipsii Theobald, 83 piceae Panzer, 93 piceae Walker, 93 picridis : auctt. nee F., 83 pilosa Buckton, 29, 57, 77-78 pilosellae Borner, 91 pilosum Buckton, 28, 30, 78-80 pinea Mordvilko, 93 pineti F., 29, 57, 77 pini : auctt. nee L., 93 pini Gmelin in Linnaeus, 89, 93 pini L., 66 pinicola Kaltenbach, 29, 65, 93 pinicolus : Buckton, 93 pisi Kaltenbach, 93 pistaciae L., 29, 31, 32, 54 pisum Harris, 93, 94 plantaginea Passerini, 29, 61, 62, 88, 92, 93 platani Kaltenbach, 93 platanoidis Schrank, 93 plumbicolor Nevsky, 61 poae Buckton, 58 poae del Guercio, 58 polygoni Buckton, 29, 80 polygoni van der Goot, 74 pomi De Geer, 89, 92 populeus : Buckton, 93 populi : Buckton, 93 praeterita Walker, 76 propinquum Borner, 66 pruni: Buckton, 93 pruni F., 93 pruni Geoffrey, 88, 93 pseudogallarum Shinji, 34 punctatus Burmeister, 55 punctipennis Zetterstedt, 55, 88, 89 pyrarius Passerini, 93 pyri Buckton, 28, 81 pyri : Buckton, 92, 93 pyri Hartig, 61 pyricola Baker & Davidson, 93 quadrituberculata Kaltenbach, 40, quaerens Walker, 81 querceus : Buckton, 94 quercus : Buckton, 94 quercus L., 94 *, 89 ranunculina Walker, 94 rhamni Koch, 74 rhenanus Borner, 87 ribicola Kaltenbach, 80 ribis : Buckton, 80, 94 ribis L., 94 ribisnigri Mosley, 29, 80, 88, 89, 91, 94 roboris L., 89, 94 rosae L., 29, 52, 57, 89, 94, 95 rosaeformis Das, 94 rosarum : Buckton, 94 rosarum Kaltenbach, 52, 94 roseus Baker, 61, 62 rubi Kaltenbach, 29, 81, 94 rubifolium Theobald, 81 rubra Lichtenstein, 94 rufa Buckton, 29, 81 rumicis : auctt. nee L., 94, 96 sabinae Gillette & Palmer, 50 saliceti Kaltenbach, 94 salicis L., 30, 80, 94 salicivorus Walker, 94 salignus Gmelin, 29, 55, 56, 57, 92, 96 sambucaria Passerini, 94 sambuci L., 94, 95 sanborni Gillette, 94 scabiosae : Buckton, 95 scabiosae Kaltenbach, 95 schranki Theobald, 41 schwartzi Borner, 88 scrophulariae Buckton, 29, 81-82 sedi Kaltenbach, 95 semilunarius Passerini, 86 serratulae Kaltenbach, 72 serrulatus Haliday, 95 setariae Passerini, 41, 95 setariae Theobald, 31 setulosa : Buckton, 41 setulosa Passerini, 95 shelkovnikovi Mordvilko, 81 shidae Shinji, 32 sibiricum Mordvilko, 44 silenea Ferrari, 69 sisymbrii Buckton, 29, 83 solani Kaltenbach, 29, 69, 70, 89, 90 solanina : Theobald, 74 solidaginis F., 95 sonchi : Buckton, 95 sonchi : Walker, 72 sorbi : Buckton, 95 sorbi : van der Goot, 61 INDEX 109 sorbi : Walker, 36 spirothecae Passerini, 95 squamosa: Theobald, 41, 54 stellariae Hardy, 30, 95 stramineus del Geurcio, 31 strobilobius Kaltenbach, 36 subterranea Walker, 95 tanaceti : auctt. nee L., 95 tanaceti L., 95 tanaceticola Kaltenbach, 95 tanacetina: Buckton, 95, 96 taraxaci Kaltenbach, 95 taxi Buckton, 29, 83, 84 teriolanum Hille Ris Lambers, 80 testudinaceus Fernie, 87 tetrarhodus Walker, 94 theaecola Buckton, 29, 30, 84 theobaldi Gillette & Bragg, 94 theobromae Schouteden, 84 tiliae L., 96 tomentosa Villers, 57 transiens Walker, 74 trifolii Monell, 29, 66, 67, 68, 69 trirhodus Walker, 29, 51, 52, 96 trivialis : Buckton, 96 troglodytes Heyden, 96 truncatus Hausmann, 88 tujae del Guercio, 50, 51 tussilaginis Walker, 96 ulicis Walker, 96 ulmi L., 29, 53, 54, 93, 96 ulmiphila del Guercio, 88 urticae Kaltenbach, 41, 96 urticae L., 41 urticae Schrank, 41, 43 urticaria Kaltenbach, 76, 96 urticata, F. 76, 96 utricularia: auctt. nee Passerini, 41 vacca Hartig, 86 versicolor Koch, 92, 93 viburni Schrank, 96 viburni Scopoli, 96 viciae Buckton, 28, 30, 84-86 viminalis Boyer de Fonscolombe, 55, 56, 96 vincae Gillette, 45 viridana Buckton, 29, 86-87 viridis Ratzeburg, 87, 91 whitei Theobald, 81 xylostei Schrank, 96 yomogi Shinji, 34 PLATE i FIG. 55. Amphorophora ampullata Buckton. Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54158. FIG. 56. Cryptosiphum artemisiae Buckton. Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54078. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28, 2 PLATE i PLATE 2 FIG. 57. Dysaphis (Pomaphis) aucupariae (Buckton). Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54082. FIG. 58. Astegopteryx bambusae (Buckton). Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54193. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28, 2 PLATE 2 \ G* PLATE 3 FIG. 59. Microlophium carnosum (Buckton). Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54360. FIG. 60. Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum (Buckton). Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54157. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28, 2 PLATE 3 O) If) PLATE 4 FIG. 61. Dysaphis crithmi (Buckton). Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54079. FIG. 62. Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressi (Buckton). Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54081. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28, 2 PLATE 4 CO PLATE 5 FIG. 63. Macrosiphum (Sitobion) luteum (Buckton). Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54156. FIG. 64. Dactynotus muralis (Buckton). Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54790. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28, 2 PLATE 5 PLATE 6 FIG. 65. Pterocomma pilosum Buckton. Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54191. FIG. 66. Megoura viciae Buckton. Lectotype. BMNH Neg. No. 54i8g. Bull. BY. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28, 2 PLATE 6 CD CD A LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS TO THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SERIES OF THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 3. WATSON, A. A revision of the Ethiopian Drepanidae (Lepidoptera). Pp. 177: 18 plates, 270 text-figures. August, 1965. 4.20. 4. SANDS, W. A. A revision of the Termite Subfamily Nasutitermitinae (Isoptera, Termitidae) from the Ethiopian Region. Pp. 172 : 500 text-figures. September, I9 6 5. 3-25- 5. AHMAD, I. The Leptocorisinae (Heteroptera : Alydidae) of the World. Pp. 156: 475 text-figures. November, 1965. (out of print) 2.15. 6. OKADA, T. Diptera from Nepal. Cryptochaetidae, Diastatidae and Droso- philidae. Pp. 129: 328 text-figures. May, 1966. 3. 7. GILIOMEE, J. H. Morphology and Taxonomy of Adult Males of the Family Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Pp. 168: 43 text-figures. January, 1967. 3.15. 8. FLETCHER, D. S. A revision of the Ethiopian species and a check list of the world species of Cleora (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Pp. 119: 14 plates, 146 text-figures, 9 maps. February, 1967. 3.50. 9. HEMMING, A. F. The Generic Names of the Butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Pp. 509. 8.50. Reprinted 1972. 10. STEMPFFER, H. The Genera of the African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rho- palocera). Pp. 322: 348 text-figures. August, 1967. 8. 11. MOUND, L. A. A review of R. S. Bagnall's Thysanoptera Collections. Pp. 172: 82 text-figures. May, 1968. 4. 12. WATSON, A. The Taxonomy of the Drepaninae represented in China, with an account of their world distribution. Pp. 151: 14 plates, 293 text-figures. November, 1968. 5. 13. AFIFI, S. A. Morphology and Taxonomy of Adult Males of the families Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Pp. 210: 52 text- figures. December, 1968. 5. 14. CROSSKEY, R. W. A Re-classification of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of Africa and its Islands. Pp. 198: i plate, 331 text-figures. July, 1969. 4.75. 15. ELIOT, J. N. An analysis of the Eurasian and Australian Neptini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Pp. 155: 3 plates, 101 text-figures. September, 1969. 4. 16. GRAHAM, M. W. R. DE V. The Pteromalidae of North-Western Europe (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea). Pp. 908: 686 text-figures. November, 1969. 17. WHALLEY, P. E. S. The Thyrididae of Africa and its Islands. Pp. 198: 68 plates, 15 text-figures. October, 1971. 12. 18. SANDS, W. A. The Soldierless Termites of Africa (Isoptera Termitidae). Pp. 244: 9 plates, 661 text-figures. July, 1972. 9.90. Printed in England by Staples Printers Limited at their Kettering, Northants establishment 6, U A CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF THE ZYGAENIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) W. G. TREMEWAN BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 28 No. 3 LONDON: 1973 A CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF THE ZYGAENIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) BY WALTER GERALD TREMEWAN Pp. in- 151 BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 28 No. 3 LONDON: 1973 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. In 1965 a separate supplementary series of longer papers was instituted, numbered serially for each Department. This paper is Vol. 28, No. 3 of the Entomological series. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. World List abbreviation Bull. Br. Mus. not. Hist. (Ent.). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1973 TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) Issued 28 May, 1973 Price 1-65 A CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF THE ZYGAENIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) By W. G. TREMEWAN CONTENTS Page SYNOPSIS ........... 113 INTRODUCTION .......... 113 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . 115 ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES . . . . 115 REFERENCES ........... 144 INDEX TO SPECIES .......... 147 SYNOPSIS All the genus-group names of the Zygaenidae (including variations in spelling) are listed alphabetically, with citations of their type-species. Bibliographical references are given to the original descriptions and to subsequent designations of type-species. Five new generic names are proposed to replace hitherto unrecognized junior homonyms, and four type-species are newly designated. INTRODUCTION THE following catalogue contains the genus-group names of the lepidopterous family Zygaenidae, comprising the subfamilies Anomoeotinae, Chalcosiinae, Charideinae, Himantopterinae, Phaudinae, Procridinae and Zygaeninae. Also included is the family Ratardidae which has recently been associated with the Zygaenidae (Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 340). A number of genera originally described in the Zygaenidae are currently placed in other families ; these are normally included in the catalogue for the sake of completeness and are marked with an asterisk (*). However, genera were erroneously described in the Zygaenidae during the latter half of the last century, following an erroneous concept of the family which included the Ctenuchidae (= Syntomidae) and Arctiidae as subfamilies; such genera currently placed in the Ctenuchidae and Arctiidae are not included here. The type-species of each genus is given and the mode of fixation of the type-species stated, i.e., by original designation, by monotypy, by subsequent designation, or by present designation. Each generic name has been checked for homonymy in the catalogues of Neave (1939-66, Nomencl. zool. 1-6). The following new names are proposed for hitherto unrecognized junior homonyms which cannot be replaced by junior synonyms: Cerodendra nom. n. for Dendrocera Hampson, [1893] ; Cleoda nom. n. for Doclea Walker, 1864 ; Euclimaciopsis nom. n. for Euclimacia Jordan, 1913 ; Monalita nom. n. for Lamontia Kaye, 1923 ; Neoherpa nom. n. for Herpa Walker, 1854. 114 w - G - TREMEWAN The following hitherto unrecognized junior homonyms are replaced by junior subjective synonyms: Ninia Walker, 1856, by Cicinnocnemis Holland, 1893 ; Northia Walker, 1854, by Zama Herrich-Schaffer, 1856 ; Paraphlebia Felder, 1874, by Phlebohecta Hampson, [1893] ; Rhaphidognatha Felder & Felder, 1862, by Balataea Walker, 1864. The following junior homonyms are currently considered to be junior subjective synonyms : Felderia Kirby, 1892, synonym of Pyromorpha Herrich-Schaffer, 1854; Ino Leach, 1815, synonym of Adscita Retzius, 1783; *Leptothrix Heylaerts, 1892, synonym of Chionaema Herrich-Schaffer, 1856; Libania Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1956, synonym of Mesembrynus Hiibner, [1819], The following junior homonym is replaced by a junior objective synonym: *Chrysaor Hiibner, [1809], by Belemnia Walker, 1854. Names that have been proposed expressly to replace junior homonyms, and junior objective synonyms that have been used for the same purpose, are referred to in this catalogue as objective replacement names. Junior subjective synonyms that have been used to replace preoccupied senior synonyms are referred to as subjective replacement names. Where the type-species is now a junior synonym, the current valid name is given in square brackets. For the genera, only objective synonymy is provided (in the form of cross-references) unless different type-species of different genera are currently considered to be conspecific, when subjective synonymy is also expressed. When different type-species of different genera are currently considered to be congeneric, subjective synonymy is not expressed unless it is necessary to replace a generic junior homonym by a junior subjective synonym. Subjective synonymy is dealt with, though not comprehensively, by Bryk (1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 95-332) and Alberti (1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 115-480). The references to the original descriptions of the genera and their type-species have been checked and, whenever possible, the dates of publication are taken from original wrappers. Dates of publication of the works of Hiibner and Herrich- Schaffer follow Hemming (1940, Hiibner 1, 2), and those of Esper follow Sherbbrn & Woodward (1901, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 7 : 137-140). Abbreviations of titles of periodicals follow Brown & Stratton (1963-65, World List of Scientific Periodicals, 4th edition, 1900-1960) ; those not included in that work follow the List of Serial Publications in the British Museum (Natural History) Library (1968). Titles of books are also abbreviated according to the principles of the 4th edition of the World List. The full titles of all works referred to that are not included in these two Lists are given in the Bibliography. The generic names are arranged in alphabetical order; junior homonyms, junior synonyms, unavailable names, etc., are cross-referenced under the senior name. Junior homonyms, junior objective synonyms and unavailable names (nomina nuda, rejected names and incorrect spellings) are in non-bold italics ; unavailable names are marked with a double dagger (J). The alphabetical entries of all other generic CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 115 names are in bold italics, as are the names of their type-species. Fossil genera are marked with a single dagger (f). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to Dr B. Alberti, Waren (Miiritz), Mr B. J. Lempke, Amsterdam, and Dr L. Vari, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, for valuable help and advice. I also thank my colleagues at the British Museum (Natural History), especially Mr D. S. Fletcher, Dr I. W. B. Nye, Dr K. Sattler, Mr W. H. T. Tarns and Mr A. Watson for their advice and constructive criticism. ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES ACHELURA Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 56 (objective replacement name for Chelura Hope, 1841, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Chelura bifasciata Hope, 1841, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 18 : 444, by monotypy of Chelura Hope, 1841. See also: Chelura Hope, 1841. ACOLOITHUS Clemens, 1860, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 1860 : 539. Type-species: Acoloi thus falsarius Clemens, 1860, ibid. 1860 : 539, by monotypy. ACREAGRIS Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 2; Erklarung der Tafeln LXXV bis CVII, p. [i] (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Acreagris correbioides Felder, 1874, ibid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 2, by monotypy. Acreagris Felder, 1874, is a junior homonym of Acreagris Koch, 1845 (Insecta: Hemiptera) ; Felderia Kirby, 1892, which was proposed as the objective replacement name, is a junior homonym of Felderia Walsingham, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae). However, Acreagris Felder, 1874, is a junior subjective synonym of Pyromorpha Herrich-Schaffer, 1854. The type-species Acreagris correbioides Felder, 1874, is currently considered to be congeneric with Pyromorpha dimidiata Herrich-Schaffer, 1854, the type-species of Pyromorpha Herrich- Schaffer, 1854. ADSCITA Retzius, 1783, in Degeer, Genera et Species Insect.: 8, 35. Type-species: Adscita turcosa Retzius, 1783, ibid. : 35 [= Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 495], by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 84. See also: %Atichia Ochsenheimer, 1808; Atychia Ochsenheimer, 1808; Bradyptesis Sodoffsky, *%37 > %Chrysaor Hiibner, [1806]; Ino Leach, 1815; %Jno Piingeler, 1914; Procris Fabricius, 1807; %Proeris Pagenstecher, 1909. AEACIS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 117. Type-species: Sphinx ephialtes Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat. ed. XII, 1 : 806, by monotypy. AETHIOPROCRIS Alberti, 1954, Mitt - z l - Mu s- Berl. 30 : 305. Type-species : Aethioprocris togoensis Alberti, 1954, ibid. 30 : 306, by original designation and monotypy. AGALOPE Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 437. Type-species: Agalope basalts Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 438 [ Chalcosia hyalina Kollar, 1844, in Hiigel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek 4(2) : 462], by monotypy. AGLAINO Staudinger, 1887, in Romanoff, Me"m. LSpid. 3 : 171. Type-species: Aglaino maerens Staudinger, 1887, ibid. 3 : 171, by monotypy. AGLAOPE Latreille, 1809, Genera Crustac. et Insect. 4 : 214. Type-species: Sphinx infausta Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat. ed. XII, 1 : 807, by monotypy. See also: %Aglope Boisduval, 1836. n6 W. G. TREMEWAN %AGLOPE Boisduval, 1836, Hist. nat. Insectes, Species general Lepid. 1 : 118. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Aglaope Latreille, 1809. AGROMENIA Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. zool. Index univ.: 12. Type-species: Sphinx onobrychis [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775, Ankundung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienergegend: 45 [= Sphinx carniolica Scopoli, 1763, Ent. carniolica: 189, fig. 478], by subsequent designation for Agrumenia Hubner, [1819]. An unjustified emendation of Agrumenia Hiibner, [1819]. AGRUMENIA Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 116. Type-species: Sphinx onobrychis [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775, Ankundung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienergegend: 45 [= Sphinx carniolica Scopoli, 1763, Ent. carniolica: 189, fig. 478], by subsequent designation: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 202. See also: Agromenia Agassiz, 1846. AGRUMENOIDEA Holik, 1937, Ent. Z. 51 : 132. Type-species: Zygaena johannae Le Cerf, 1923, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1923 : 224, by original designation and monotypy. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. Not recorded by Neave (1939-66, Nomencl. zool. *AGYRTA Hiibner, [1820], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 177. Type-species: Sphinx auxo Linnaeus sensu Hiibner, [1817], Samml. exot. Schmett. 1, pi. [185], figs I, 2, by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 121. The genus Agyrta Hiibner, [1820], was erected for two nominal species, viz., Sphinx auxo Linnaeus, 1767, and Phalaena caelestina Stoll, [1781]. Under auxo Linnaeus, Hiibner referred to his earlier interpretation of the species ([1817], Samml. exot. Schmett. 1, pi. [185], figs 1-4), at the same time placing Phalaena micilia Cramer, [1779], in synonymy. The true Sphinx auxo Linnaeus, 1767, is a species of Zygaenidae: Chalcosiinae described from China, whereas the specimens figured under this name by Hiibner represent two South American species of the family Ctenuchidae ( Syntomidae). It should be noted that figs i and 2 represent a misidentification of auxo Linnaeus, and that figs 3 and 4 represent micilia Cramer, which is a distinct species. Kirby (loc. cit.) recognized that Hiibner figured two different species under the same name, but like Hiibner, misidentified Sphinx auxo Linnaeus, which is cited as the type-species of Agyrta Hiibner. It follows that the type-species of Agyrta Hiibner, [1820], is Sphinx auxo Linnaeus sensu Hubner, [1817], by subsequent designation by Kirby (1892, loc. cit.). This misidentified species is at present without a name, as no synonym is apparently available. The genus Agyrta Hubner, [1820], remains in the Ctenuchidae as originally placed by Kirby, while the true Sphinx auxo Linnaeus, 1767, should be placed in the Zygaenidae: Chalcosiinae as a synonym of Sphinx pectinicornis Linnaeus, 1758 (Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 :22o) AKESINA Moore, 1888, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1888 : 395. Type-species: Akesina basalts Moore, 1888, ibid. 1888 : 396, by monotypy. Originally described in the Psychidae but subsequently transferred to the Zygaenidae (Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 8). See also: %Anesina Kirby, 1892. ALLOBREMERIA Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 277. Type-species: Allobremer ia plurilineata Alberti, 1954, ibid. 30 : 277, by original designa- tion and monotypy. ALLOCAPRIMA Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)n : 10 [key], 79. Type-species: Pidorus tricoloratus Semper, 1898, Schmett. Philippinischen Inseln 2 : 431, by original designation and monotypy. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 117 ALLOCYCLOSIA Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)n : 6 [key], 68. Type-species: Allocyclosia porphyropyga Hering, 1922, ibid. 88(A)n : 69, by original designation and monotypy. ALLOPROCRIS Hering, 1925, Stettin, ent. Ztg 86 : 84. Type-species: Alloprocris draesekei Hering, 1925, ibid. 86 : 84, by original designation and monotypy. ALOPHOGASTER Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 287. Type-species: Alophogaster rubribasis Hampson, [1893], ibid. 1 : 287, by original designation and monotypy. ALTERAMENELIKIA Alberti, 1971, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 47 : 239 (objective replacement name for Menelikia Alberti, 1954, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Menelikia jordani Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 309, by original designation for and monotypy of Menelikia Alberti, 1954. See also: Menelikia Alberti, 1954. ALTERASVENIA Alberti, 1971, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 47 : 239 (objective replacement name for Svenia Alberti, 1954, norn. praeocc.). Type-species: Northia ulmivora Graeser, 1888, Berl. ent. Z. 32 : 107, by original designa- tion for Svenia Alberti, 1954. See also: Svenia Alberti, 1954. AMALTHOCERA Boisduval, 1836, Hist. nat. Insectes, Species general Lepid. 1, pi. 14, fig. 8, [legend to plates] : 4. Type-species: Amalthocera tiphys Boisduval, 1836, ibid. 1, pi. 14, fig. 8, [legend to plates] : 4, by monotypy. See also: Amathocera Agassiz, 1846; Callibaptes Jordan, 1907. AMATHOCERA Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. zool. Index univ.: 15, 16. Type-species: Amalthocera tiphys Boisduval, 1836, Hist. nat. Insectes, Species gdneral Lepid . 1, pi. 14, fig. 8, [legend to plates]: 4, by monotypy of Amalthocera Boisduval, 1836. An unjustified emendation of Amalthocera Boisduval, 1836. AMESIA Duncan, 1841, in Jardine, Naturalist's Library 33, Ent., Exot. Moths 7 : 93. Type-species: Phalaena sanguiflua Drury, 1773, ///. exot. Insects 2 : 35, Index, p. [91], pi. 20, figs i, 2, by monotypy. AMURIA Staudinger, 1887, in Romanoff, Mem. Ldpid. 3 : 172. Type-species: Arnuria cyclops Staudinger, 1887, ibid. 3 : 172, by monotypy. %ANAMOEOTES Holland, 1893, Psyche, Camb. 6 : 373. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Anomoeotes Felder, 1874. ANARBUDAS Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 14. Type-species: Anarbudas insignis Jordan, 1907, ibid. 10 : 14, by original designation. ANCISTROCERON Semper, 1898, Schmett. Philippinischen Inseln 2 : 427. Type-species: Ancistroceron glaucon Semper, 1898, ibid. 2 : 427, by monotypy. %ANESINA Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 504. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Akesina Moore, 1888. ANKASOCRIS Viette, 1965, Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon 34 : 122. Type-species: Ankasocris striatus Viette, 1965, ibid. 34 : 123, by original designation and monotypy. \ANOMOCOETES Strand, 1912, Arch. Naturgesch. 78(A)i2 : 58. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Anomoeotes Felder, 1874. n8 W. G. TREMEWAN *ANOMOCOETIDIA Strand, 1912, Arch. Naturgesch. 78 (A) 12 : 58. Type-species: Anomocoetidia basifulva Strand, 1912, ibid. 78(A)i2 : 58, by monotypy. Originally described in the Zygaenidae; subsequently transferred to the Geometridae (Hering, 1927, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 14 : 198). ANOMOEOTES Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid 4, pi. 100, fig. 5; Erklarung der Tafeln LXXV bis CVII, p. i. Type-spec es: Anotnoeotes levis Felder, 1874, ibid. 4, pi. 100, fig. 5, by monotypy. See also: %Anamoeotes Holland, 1893; %Anomocoetes Strand, 1912. ANTERIS Wallengren, 1865, K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. (N.F.) 6(4) : 16 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Neurosymploca zelleri Wallengren, 1860, Wien. ent. Monatschr. 4 : 39, by ori- ginal designation and monotypy. Anteris Wallengren, 1865, is a junior homonym of Anteris Foerster, 1856 (Insecta: Hymenoptera) ; Zutulba Kirby, 1892 was proposed as the objective replacement name. ANTHILARIA Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 117. Type-species: Sphinx spicae Hiibner, [1796], Samml. eur. Schmett. 2 : 17, pi. 4, fig. 25 [= Sphinx lavandulae Esper, [1783], Schmett. 2 : 221, pi. 34, fig. 2], by PRESENT DESIG- NATION. The designation of Sphinx lavandulae Esper, [1783] by Tremewan (1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 202) is incomplete and therefore invalid. Hiibner ([1819] : 117) included two nominal species, Sphinx spicae Hiibner and Sphinx lavandulae Esper, but misidentified the latter. The first included nominal species, Sphinx spicae Hiibner, is synonymous with the true Sphinx lavandulae Esper; the second, Sphinx lavandulae Esper sensu Hiibner, is synony- mous with stoechadis Borkhausen, a subspecies of filipendulae Linnaeus. When Tremewan designated Sphinx lavandulae Esper as the type-species, it was not realised that Hiibner's interpretation of this species was in fact a misidentification ; it follows that the included nominal species Sphinx spicae Hiibner [= Sphinx lavandulae Esper] should have been cited, as designated above. ANTHRACOCERA Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. zool. Index univ.: 26. Type-species: Sphinx filipendulae Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 494, by monotypy of Anthrocera Scopoli, 1777. An unjustified emendation of Anthrocera Scopoli, 1777. ANTHROCERA Scopoli, 1777, Introductio Hist, nat.: 414. Type-species: Sphinx filipendulae Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 494, by monotypy. Anthrocera Scopoli, 1777, is a junior objective synonym of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. APHANTOCEPHALA Felder, 1861, Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 43(i) : 30. Type-species: Aphantocephala moluccarum Felder, 1861, ibid. 43(i): 30, by mono- typy. ARACHOTIA Moore, 1879, in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colin Atkinson: 14. Type-species: Arachotia flaviplaga Moore, 1879, ibid. : 14, by monotypy. ARAEOCERA Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 244. Type-species: Araeocera cyanescens Hampson, [1893], ibid- 1 : 2 44> by original designa- tion. ARBUDAS Moore, 1879, in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colin Atkinson: 19- Type-species: Arbudas bicotor Moore, 1879, ibid. : 20, by monotypy. *ARCTOZYGAENA Gaede, 1926, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 14 : 35. Type-species: Arctozygaena quinquemaculata Gaede, 1926, ibid. 14 : 35, by monotypy. Originally described in the Zygaenidae; subsequently transferred to the Limacodidae [= Cochlidiidae] (Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zo l - Mus. Berl. 30 : 344). CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 119 ARICHALCA Wallengren, 1858, Ofvers. K. VetenskAkad. Fork. Stockh. 15 : 137. Type-species: Arichalca melanopyga Wallengren, 1858, ibid. 15 : 137 [= Arniocera auriguttata Hopffer, 1857, Mber. K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1857 : 421], by original designation and monotypy. Arichalca Wallengren, 1858, is a junior subjective synonym of Arniocera Hopffer, 1857. The type-species Arichalca melanopyga Wallengren, 1858 is currently considered to be con- specific with Arniocera auriguttata Hopffer, 1857, the type-species of Arniocera Hopffer. \ARICHALEA Hampson, 1918, Novit. zool. 25 : 381. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Arichalca Wallengren, 1858. ARNIOCERA Hopffer, 1857, Mber. K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1857 : 421. Type-species: Arniocera auriguttata Hopffer, 1857, ibid. 1857 : 421, by monotypy. See also: Arichalca Wallengren, 1858; %Arichalea Hampson, 1918. ARTONA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin BY. Mus. 2 : 439. Type -species : Artona discivitta Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 440, by monotypy. ASTYLONEURA Gaede, 1914, Int. ent. Z. 8 : 53. Type-species: Astyloneura trefurthi Gaede, 1914, ibid. 8 : 53, by monotypy. ATELESIA Jordan, 1930, Novit. zool. 35 : 284. Type-species: Atelesia nervosa Jordan, 1930, ibid. 35 : 284, by original designation and monotypy. %ATICHIA Ochsenheimer, 1808, Schmett. Eur. 2 : n. An incorrect original spelling of the multiple original spelling of Atychia Ochsenheimer, 1808. ATYCHIA Ochsenheimer, 1808, Schmett. Eur. 2 : [9], [10]; u (as Atichia). Type-species: Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 495, by PRESENT DESIGNATION. Atychia Ochsenheimer, 1808, is a junior subjective synonym of Adscita Retzius, 1783. The type-species, Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, is currently considered to be conspecific with Adscita turcosa Retzius, 1783, the type-species of Adscita Retzius. The designation of Sphinx statices Linnaeus by Boisduval (1836, Species general Lepid. 1 : 134) is invalid. According to the provisions of the Code (Int. Code zool. Nomencl., Article 69 (a) (iii)) an author is considered to have designated one of the originally included nominal species as type-species, if he states that it is the type, and if it is clear that he himself accepts it as type-species. In the introduction to his work Boisduval reviewed earlier classifications and designated up to at least four different type-species for each genus, and cited no type- species for the genera used by him in his own classification. The type-species designations by Boisduval do not conform with the provisions of the Code and are therefore invalid. BALATAEA Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : no. Type-species: Balataea aegerioides Walker, 1864, ibid. 31 : in [= Euchromia octo- maculata Bremer, 1861, Bull, scient. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 3 : 476], by monotypy. A current subjective replacement name for Rhapidognatha Felder & Felder 1862. See also: \Balatea Bryk, 1936; Rhaphidognatha Felder & Felder, 1862. %BALATEA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 306. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Balataea Walker, 1864. BARBAROSCIA Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)ii : 10 [key], 66. Type-species: Pidorus amabilis Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 36, pi. 6f, by original designation and monotypy. BIEZANKOIA Strand, 1936, Folia zool. hydrobiol. 9 : 167 (objective replacement name for Polymorpha Burgeff, 1926, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Sphinx transalpina Esper, [1781], Schmett. 2 : 142, by subsequent designa- tion for Polymorpha Burgeff, 1926. See also: Burgeffia Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1958; Polymorpha Burgeff, 1926. 120 W. G. TREMEWAN BINTHA Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 127. Type-species: Bintha gracilis Walker, 1864, ibid. 31 : 127, by monotypy. BIRTINA Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 125. Type-species: Birtina lycaenoides Walker, 1864, ibid. 31 : 125, by monotypy. See also: $Biriisa Bryk, 1936. \BIRTISA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 142, 306. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Birtina Walker, 1864. *BOISDUVALODES Viette, 1955, Lambillionea 55 : 97 (objective replacement name for Perrotia Oberthiir, 1922, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Perrotia tamatavana Oberthiir, 1922, Etud. L6pid. comp. 19(i) : 153, by monotypy of Perrotia Oberthiir, 1922. Proposed as the objective replacement name for Perrotia Oberthiir, 1922, which was originally described in the Megalopygidae; subsequently transferred to the Zygaenidae: Phaudinae (Jordan, 1928, Novit. zool. 34 : 132), and to the Zygaenidae: Anomoeotinae (Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 201). Here transferred to the Somabrachyidae (Tarns, in litt.). Not recorded by Neave (1939-66, Nomencl. zool. 1-6). See also: * Perrotia Oberthiir, 1922. BORADIA Moore, 1879, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 : 391. Type-species: Boradia carneola Moore, 1879, ibid. 1879 : 392, by monotypy. BORADIOPSIS Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)n : 10 [key], 47. Type-species: Boradia grisea Semper, 1898, Schmett. Philippinischen Inseln 2 : 436, by original designation and monotypy. BRACHAR TONA Hampson, 1891, ///. typical Specimens Lepid. Heterocera Colin Br. Mus. 8:44. Type-species: Artona quadrimaculata Moore, 1879, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 : 390, by original designation. BRADYPTESIS Sodoffsky, 1837, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou (6) Etym. Unters.: 10 (objective replacement name for Atychia Ochsenheimer, 1808). Type-species: Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 495, by subsequent designation for Atychia Ochsenheimer, 1808. Bradyptesis Sodoffsky, 1837, is an unnecessary replacement name for Atychia Ochsenheimer, 1808, which was considered to be inapplicable to its included nominal species, and is a junior subjective synonym of Adscita Retzius, 1783. The type-species Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, is currently considered to be conspecific with Adscita turcosa Retzius, 1783, the type- species of Adscita Retzius. BREMERIA Alpheraky, 1892, in Romanoff, M6m. L6pid. 6 : 7. Type-species: Bretneria manza Alpheraky, 1892, ibid. 6 : 7, by monotypy. BURGEFFIA Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1958, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 48 : 229 (objective replacement name for Polymorpha Burgeff, 1926, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Sphinx transalpina Esper, [1781], Schmett. 2 : 142, by subsequent designation for Polymorpha Burgeff, 1926. Burgeffia Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1958, is an unnecessary replacement name for Polymorpha Burgeff, 1926, which has been replaced by Biezankoia Strand, 1936. BYBLISIA Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 107. Type-species: Byblisia latipes Walker, 1864, ibid. 31 : 107, by monotypy. CADPHISES Moore, 1865, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 : 800. Type-species: Cadphises maculata Moore, 1865, ibid. 1865 : 801, by monotypy. %CAEMENTA Hampson, 1907, Novit. zool. 14 : 328. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Coementa Druce, 1885. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 121 *CAFFRICOLA Hampson, 1920, Novit. zool. 26 : 280. Type-species: Phalaena Bombyx cloeckneria Stall, [1781], in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 : in, 248, pi. 348, fig. A, by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Zygaenidae: Zygaeninae, subsequently transferred to the Limacodidae [= Cochlidiidae] (Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 344). CALLAMESIA Butler, 1885, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5)16 : 345. Type-species: Epyrgis midamia Herrich-Schaffer, 1853, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1, pi. 2, fig. 7 [as midama (incorrect original spelling)]; 1856, ibid. 1:7; 1858, ibid. 1 : 57, by original designation and monotypy. Callamesia Butler, 1885, is a junior objective synonym of Epyrgis Herrich-Schaffer, 1853. *CALLARTONA Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 233. Type-species: Callartona purpurascens Hampson, [1893], ibid. 1 : 233, by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Zygaenidae; subsequently transferred to the Plutellidae (Mey- rick, 1906, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1906 : 170, 193) and finally to the Glyphipterigidae (Meyrick, 1914, in Wytsman, Genera Insect. 164 : 8, 10). CALLIBAPTES Jordan, 1907, Entomologist 40 : 126. Type-species: Callibaptes ornata Jordan, 1907, ibid. 40 : 127 [= Amalthocera tiphys Boisduval, 1836, Hist. nat. Insectes, Species gdndral L6pid. 1, pi. 14, fig. 8], by monotypy. Callibaptes Jordan, 1907, is a junior subjective synonym of Amalthocera Boisduval, 1836. The type-species Callibaptes ornata Jordan, 1907, is currently considered to be conspecific with Amalthocera tiphys Boisduval, 1836, the type-species of Amalthocera Boisduval. CALLIZYGAENA Felder, 1874, * n Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 4; Erklarung der Tafeln LXXV bis CVII, p. 2. Type-species: Callizygaena nivitnacula Felder, 1874, ibid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 4 [= Sphinx auratus Stoll, [1779], in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 3 : 126; [1780], ibid. 3 : 173, pi. 264, fig. A], by monotypy. *CALLOSIOPE Hering, 1925, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 12 : 156. Type-species: Callosiope banghaasi Hering, 1925, ibid. 12 : 157, fig. 5, by original designation and monotypy. Originally described and currently placed in the Ratardidae. %CAMPILOTES Oberthiir, 1925, Etud. Lepid. comp. 23 : 59. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Campylotes Westwood, 1840. CAMPYLOTES Westwood, (vii.) 1840, Madras J. Lit. &> Sci. 12 : 131; 1840, in Royle, III. Bot. nat. Hist. Himalayan Mountains and Flora of Cashmere: liii. Type-species: Campylotes histrionicus Westwood, 1840, ibid. 12 : 131, by monotypy. See also: %Campilotes Oberthiir, 1925. CANERCES Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 281. Type-species: Canerkes euschemoides Moore, 1865, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 : 802, by monotypy of Canerkes Moore, 1865. An unjustified emendation of Canerkes Moore, 1865. CANERKES Moore, 1865, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 : 802. Type-species: Canerkes euschemoides Moore, 1865, ibid. 1865 : 802, by monotypy. See also: Canerces Hampson, [1893]; %Caneroes Bryk, 1936. %CANEROES Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 193. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Canerkes Moore, 1865. CAPRIMA Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 128. Type-species: Caprima gelida Walker, 1864, ibid. 31 : 129, by monotypy. See also: %Caprina Oberthiir, 1894. ICAPRINA Oberthiir, 1894, Etud. Ent. 19 : 28. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Caprima Walker, 1864. 122 W. G. TREMEWAN CERODENDRA nom. n. for Dendrocera Hampson, [1893] (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Dendrocera quadripunctata Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 231, by original designation for and monotypy of Dendrocera Hampson, [1893]. See also: Dendrocera Hampson, [1893]. %CHALCONIA Lucas, 1902, Arch. Naturgesch. 66(2)2 : 699. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Chalcosia Hiibner, [1819]. CHALCONYCLES Jordan, 1907, Entomologist 40 : 123. Type-species: Chalconycles vetulina Jordan, 1907, ibid. 40 : 124, by monotypy. CHALCOPHAEDRA Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 39. Type-species: Gynautocera zuleika Doubleday, 1847, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (i)19 : 76, pi. 7, fig. 4, by monotypy. CHALCOSIA Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 173. Type-species: Sphinx pect inicornis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 495, by subse- quent designation: Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 264, 266. Hampson (loc. cit.) designates thallo Linnaeus as the type-species and places pectinicornis Linnaeus in synonymy, referring the latter to the XII edition (1767). See also: %Chalconia Lucas, 1902; %Chaleosia Bryk, 1936; Charmona Billberg, 1820. CHALCOSIOPSIS Swinhoe, 1894, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6)14 : 442. Type-species: Chalcosiopsis variata Swinhoe, 1894, ibid. (6)14 : 442, by monotypy. %CHALEOSIA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 142. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Chalcosia Hiibner, [1819]. %CHARICLEA Hampson, 1918, Novit. zool. 25 : 378. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Charidea Dalman, 1816. CHARIDEA Dalman, 1816, K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 1816 : 225 (objective replacement name for Glaucopis Fabricius, 1807, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Zygaena argynnis Fabricius, 1781, Species Insect. 2 : 161 [= Sphinx hyppar- chus Cramer, [1779], Uitl. Kapellen 3 : 7, pi. 197, fig. C; [1780], ibid. 3 : 175], by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 169. Kirby (loc. cit.) designates Sphinx hypparchus Cramer, [1779], as the type-species with Zygaena argynnis Fabricius, 1781, in synonymy; this automatically designates the type- species of Glaucopis Fabricius, 1807, which is placed in synonymy, and of Marmax Rafinesque, 1815, a replacement name for Glaucopis Fabricius. Charidea Dalman, 1816, is an unnecessary replacement name for Glaucopis Fabricius, 1807 and a junior objective synonym of Marmax Rafinesque, 1815. CHARMONA Billberg, 1820, Enumeratio Insect. Mus. Billberg: 82. Type-species: Sphinx pectinicornis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 495, by PRESENT DESIGNATION. Charmona Billberg, 1820, is a junior objective synonym of Chalcosia Hiibner, [1819]. CHELURA Hope, 1841, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 18 : 444 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Chelura bifasciata Hope, 1841, ibid. 18 : 444, by monotypy. Chelura Hope, 1841, is a junior homonym of Chelura Philippi, 1839 (Crustacea); Achelura Kirby, 1892, was proposed as the objective replacement name. CHILIOPROCRIS Jordan, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 6 : 24. Type-species: Procris melas Gu6rin-M6neville, 1839, Magasin Zool. Paris (2)! : 2, pi. n, fig- 3> by original designation and monotypy. ICHRYSAOR Hiibner, [1806], Tentamen: i. Type-species: Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 495, by monotypy. Chrysaor Hiibner, [1806], is not available following the rejection of the Tentamen in Opinion 97 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1926, Smithson. misc. Collns 73 : 355-366) . For convenience it is placed as a j unior subjective synonym of A dscita Retzius, 1783- CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 123 *CHRYSAOR Hiibner, [1809], Samml. exot. Schmett. 1, pi. [161] (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Zygaena eryx Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ent.: 552, by monotypy. Chrysaor Hiibner, [1809], is a junior homonym of Chrysaor de Montfort, 1808 (Mollusca), and is replaced by its junior objective synonym Belemnia Walker, 1854. The genus is currently placed in the Arctiidae (Wagner, 1919, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 22 : 118). CHRYSARTONA Swinhoe, 1892, Cat. east. & Aust. Lepid. Heterocera Colin Oxf. Univ. Mus. 1:57. Type-species: Procris stipata Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 114, by original designation and monotypy. CHRYSOCALEOPSIS van Eecke, 1920, Zool. Meded. Leiden 5 : 113. Type-species: Lophosoma sarah Snellen, 1910, Tijdschr. Ent. 53 : 282, pi. 13, fig. 3 [= Mydrothauma ada Butler, 1892, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1892 : 122], by monotypy. Chrysocaleopsis van Eecke, 1920, is a junior subjective synonym of Mydrothauma Butler, 1892. The type-species Lophosoma sarah Snellen, 1910, is currently considered to be con- specific with Mydrothauma ada Butler, 1892, the type-species of Mydrothauma Butler. CICINNOCNEMIS Holland, 1893, // N. Y. ent. Soc. 1 : 181. Type-species: Cicinnocnemis cornuta Holland, 1893, ibid. 1 : 181 [= Sphinx plumipes Drury, 1782, ///. exot. Insects 3 : 3, pi. 2, fig. 3, Index, p. [77] ], by original designation and monotypy. Cicinnocnemis Holland, 1893, is a junior subjective synonym of Ninia Walker, 1856, which is a junior homonym of Ninia Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia). The type-species Cicinnoc- nemis cornuta Holland, 1893, is currently considered to be conspecific with Sphinx plumipes Drury, 1782, the type-species of Ninia Walker, 1856. Cicinnocnemis Holland, 1893, may be "jsed as the subjective replacement name for Ninia Walker, 1856. Originally described in the Sesiidae [= Aegeriidae]; subsequently transferred to the Zygaenidae : Charideinae (Hampson, 1918, Novit. zool. 25 : 378). See also: Ninia Walker, 1856. CIRSIPHAGA Holik, 1953, Ent. Z. 62 : 153. Type-species: Sphinx brizae Esper, [1797], Schmett., Suppl. 2(2) : 27, pi. 43, figs 3, 4, by subsequent designation: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 201. Tremewan (loc. cit.) erroneously attributed the type-species citation to Holik (loc. cit.) as an original designation. The designation of the type-species should be dated from 1961 (Tremewan, loc. cit.). Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. CLELEA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 465. Type-species: Clelea sapphirina Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 465, by monotypy. See also: %Clelia Walker, 1856. %CLELIA Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 7 : 1668. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Clelea Walker, 1854. CLEMATOESSA Jordan, 1915, Novit. zool. 22 : 297. Type-species: Clematoessa xuthomelas Jordan, 1915, ibid. 22 : 297, by original designa- tion and monotypy. CLEODA nom. n. for Doclea Walker, 1864 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Doclea syntomoides Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 122, by monotypy of Doclea Walker, 1864. See also: Doclea Walker, 1864; \Doclia Rothschild & Jordan, 1905. CNEMOLOPHA Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 102, fig. 33; Erklarung der Tafeln LXXV bis CVII, p. 3. Type-species: Cnemolopha australis Felder, 1874, ibid. 4, pi. 102, fig. 33 [= Euchromia vicaria Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 207], by monotypy. See also: %Cosmolopha Kirby, 1876. 124 w - G - TREMEWAN CODANE Moore, 1879, in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colin Atkinson: 17- Type-species: Pidorus zenotea Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin BY. Mus. 2 : 425 [= Gynautocera zenotia Doubleday, 1847, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (i)19 : 77, pi. 7, fig. 2], by original designation and monotypy. COELESTINA Holik, 1953, Ent. Z. 63 : 15. Type-species : Zygaena sedi Fabricius, 1787, Mantissa Insect. 2 : 101, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. COELESTIS Burgeff, 1926, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 33 : 29. Type-species: Zygaena cuvieri Boisduval, 1828, Monogr. Zygenides: 53, pi. 3, fig. 6, by subsequent designation: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 201. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. COEMENTA Druce, 1885, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid. -Heterocera 1 : 123. Type-species: Coetnenta titnon Druce, 1885, ibid. 1 : 123, by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 287. See also: \Caementa Hampson, 1907. COLLESTIS Wallengren, 1861, K. svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa 2, Zool. i, Insecta: 361. Type-species: Collestis Urnbata Wallengren, 1861, ibid. : 361 [= Euchromia triadum Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 257], by monotypy. Collestis Wallengren, 1861, is a junior subjective synonym of Xenares Herrich-Schaffer, 1856. The type-species Collestis limbata Wallengren, 1861, is currently considered to be conspecific with Xenares fortunii Herrich-Schaffer, 1856, the type-species of Xenares Herrich- Schaffer, while both are currently considered to be conspecific with Euchromia triadum Walker, 1854. *COLLETRIA Nolken & Zeller, 1876, Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 12 : 76 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Colletria pyrrhocrocis Rogenhofer, 1875, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2.), Lepid. 4, pi. 139, fig. 7, by monotypy. Colletria Nolken & Zeller, 1876, is a junior homonym and a junior objective synonym of Colletria Rogenhofer, 1875. *COLLETRIA Rogenhofer, 1875, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 139, fig. 7; Inhalts-Verzeichniss, p. 7. Type-species: Colletria pyrrhocrocis Rogenhofer, 1875, ibid. 4, pi. 139, fig. 7, by monotypy. Originally described in the Zygaenidae; subsequently transferred to the Arctiidae: Lithosiinae (Hampson, 1900, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 2 : 377). See also: Colletria Nolken & Zeller, 1876. CORMA Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 124. Type-species: Corrna obscurata Walker, 1864, ibid. 31 : 124 [ Chalcosia fragilis Walker, 1862, /. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 6 : 98], by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 51. %COSMOLOPHA Kirby, 1876, Zool. Rec. (1874) 11 : 400. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Cnemolopha Felder, 1874. CRYPTOPHYSOPHILUS Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)n : 10 [key], 79. Type-species: Pidorus bicoloratus Semper, 1898, Schmett. Philippinischen Inseln 2 : 430, by original designation and monotypy. CYANIDIA Jordan, 1925, Novit. zool. 32 : 234. Type-species: Caprima thaumasta Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 41, pi. 8a, by original designation and monotypy. CYCLOSIA Hubner, [1820], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 177. Type-species: Phalaena Geotnetra panthona Stoll, [1780], in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 : 68, pi. 322, fig. C; [1782], ibid. 4 : 251, by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 46. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 125 DENDROCERA Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 231 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Dendrocera quadripunctata Hampson, [1893], ibid. 1 : 231, by original designation and monotypy. Dendrocera Hampson, [1893], is a junior homonym of Dendrocera Lamarck, 1817 (Insecta : Coleoptera), and is here replaced by Cerodendra nom. n. DEVANICA Moore, 1884, Trans, ent. Soc. Land. 1884 : 355 (objective replacement name for Sephisa Moore, 1882, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Eterusia cingala Moore, 1877, Ann. Mag. not. Hist. (4) 20 : 343 [= Pap\ilio~] aedea Clerck, [1763], Icones Insect, rariorum (2), pi. [41], fig. [2] ], by monotypy of Sephisa Moore, 1882. Devanica Moore, 1884, was cited as a new genus without a description, but with Sephisa Moore, 1882, in synonymy. The type-species Eterusia cingala Moore, 1877, is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym (subspecies) of Pap[ilio] aedea Clerck, [1763]. It should be noted that Pap[ilio] aedea Clerck has been erroneously dated 1759 by various authors, including Bryk (1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 206). Although the name was published by Clerck in part 2 of Icones Insectorum rariorum, the title page of which is dated 1764, it is evident that the plate was issued before this date as Linnaeus, in 1763 (Amoenitates Acad. 6 : 403), refers to many of Clerck's plates which form part 2 of his work. The name Pap\ilio~\ aedea Clerck should therefore be dated from [1763]. See also Sephisa Moore, [xii]. 1882. DIANEURA Butler, 1888, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6)1 : 49. Type-species: Dianeura goochii Butler, 1888, ibid. (6)1 : 49, by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 57. DIDINA Walker, 1862, /. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 6 : 99. Type-species: Didina thecloides Walker, 1862, ibid. 6 : 99, by monotypy. *DIEIDA Strand, 1911, in Stichel, Z. wiss. InsektBiol. 7 : 162. Type-species: Dieida persa Strand, 1911, ibid. 7 : 163, by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Zygaenidae : Phaudinae; subsequently transferred to the Cossidae (Seitz, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 2 : 428). DILOPHURA Hampson, 1918, Novit. zool. 25 : 378 [key], 382. Type-species: Byblisia caudata Jordan, 1907, Entomologist 40 : 127, by original designa- tion and monotypy. *DIOSPAGE Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 212. Type-species: Sphinx rhebus Cramer, [1779], Uitl. Kapellen 3 : 72, pi. 234, fig. F, by subsequent designation, Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 169. Erroneously associated with the Zygaenidae in the past; currently placed in the Arctiidae (Strand, 1919, in Wagner, Lepid. Cat. 22 : 118). DOCLEA Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 122 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Doclea syntomoides Walker, 1864, ibid. 31 : 122, by monotypy. Doclea Walker, 1864, is a junior homonym of Doclea Leach, 1815 (Crustacea), and is here replaced by Cleoda nom. n. DOCLEOMORPHA Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)n : 10 [key], 22. Type-species: Pintia boholica Semper, 1898, Schmett. Philippinischen Inseln 2 : 432, pi. 53, fig. 10, by original designation and monotypy. DOCLEOPSIS Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 16. Type-species: Docleopsis sulaensis Jordan, 1907, ibid. 10 : 16, by original designation. %DOCLIA Rothschild & Jordan, 1905, Novit. zool. 12 : 477. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Doclea Walker, 1864. 126 W. G. TREMEWAN DORATOPTERYX Rogenhofer, 1884, Sber. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 33 : 23. Type-species: Doratopteryx afra Rogenhofer, 1884, ibid. 33 : 24, by monotypy. DUBERNARDIA Alberti, 1954, Mitt - z l- Mus - Beyl - 30 : 257. Type-species: Phacusa djreuma Oberthiir, 1893, Etud. d'Ent. 18 : 21, pi. 2, fig. 31, by original designation and monotypy. ELCYSMA Butler, 1881, Trans, ent. Soc. Land. 1881 : 4. Type-species: Elcysma translucida Butler, 1881, ibid. 1881 : 4 [= Agalope westwoodii Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1863, Tijdschr. Ent. 6 : 136, pi. 9, fig. 3], by monotypy. %EPHEMERIDES Pagenstecher, 1909, Geogr. Verbr. Schmett.: 441. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Ephemeroidea Hampson, [1893]. EPHEMEROIDEA Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 242. Type-species: Ephemeroidea ariel Hampson, [1893], ibid. 1 : 242, by original designation. See also: %Ephemerides Pagenstecher, 1909; %Ephemeroides Pagenstecher, 1909. %EPHEMEROIDES Pagenstecher, 1909, Geogr. Verbr. Schmett. : 440. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Ephemeroidea Hampson, [1893]. , EPIORNA Alberti, 1954, Mitt - zo l - Mus - Berl - 30 : l8 3- Type-species: Neurosympl oca procrioides Butler, 1893, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1893 : 676, by original designation. EPIZYGAENA Jordan, [1907], in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 2 : 31. Type-species: Zygaena qfghana Moore, 1858, in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lepid. Insects Mus. not. Hist. East-India House 2 : 286, pi. 7a, fig. i, by subsequent designation: Fletcher, 1925, Cat. Indian Insects 9 : 21. EPIZYGAENELLA Tremewan & Povolny, 1968, Cas. morav. Mus. Brn$ 53 : 163. Type-species: Zygaena caschmirensis Kollar, 1844, in Hiigel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek 4(2) : 459, pi. 19, fig. 6, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Praezygaena Alberti, 1954. EPYRGIS Herrich-Schaffer, 1853, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1, pi. i, figs 5, 6, pi. 2, figs 7-10; 1858, ibid. 1 : 57. Type-species: Epyrgis midamia Herrich-Schaffer, 1853, ibid. 1, pi. 2, fig. 7 [as midama (incorrect original spelling)]; 1858, ibid. 1 : 57, by subsequent designation; Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 44. See also: Callamesia Butler, 1885. ERASMIA Hope, 1841, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 18 : 446. Type-species: Erasmia pulchella Hope, 1841, ibid. 18 : 446, by monotypy. ERASMIPHLEBOHECTA Strand, 1917, Arch. Naturgesch. 82(A)3 : 145. Type-species: Erasmia picturata Wileman, 1910, Entomologist 43 : 139, by monotypy. ETERUSIA Hope, 1841, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 18 : 445. Type-species: Eterusia tricolor Hope, 1841, ibid. 18 : 445, by monotypy. See also: Heterusia Agassiz, 1846; \Heterusia Doubleday, 1844. EUCLIMACIA Jordan, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 6 : 21 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Gingla tortricalis Druce, 1885, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 120, pi. 12, fig. 28, by monotypy. Euclimacia Jordan, 1913, is a junior homonym of Euclimacia Enderlein, 1910 (Insecta : Neuroptera), and is here replaced by Euclimaciopsis nom. n. EUCLIMACIOPSIS nom. n. for Euclimacia Jordan, 1913 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Gingla tortricalis Druce, 1885, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 120, pi. 12, fig. 28, by monotypy of Euclimacia Jordan, 1913. See also: Euclimacia Jordan, 1913. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 127 EVCORMA Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 30. Type-species: Phalaena obliquaria Fabricius, 1787, Mantissa Insect. 2 : 194, by subse- quent designation: Van Eecke, (31.^)1925, Zool. Meded. Leiden 8 : 175. The designation of Milionia intercisa Walker, 1854, by Fletcher (1925, Cat. Indian Insects 9 : 56) was published on 8.vii.i925, and is therefore unacceptable. EUCORMOPSIS Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 22. Type-species: Eucormopsis lampra Jordan, 1907, ibid. 10 : 22, by monotypy. EUCTENIA Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 82, fig. 21; Erklarung der Tafeln LXXV bis CVII, p. 4 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Euctenia zygaenoides Felder, 1874, ibid. 4, pi. 82, fig. 21, by monotypy. Euctenia Felder, 1874, is a junior homonym of Euctenia Gerstaecker, 1855 (Insecta : Coleoptera); Orna Kirby, 1892, was proposed as the objective replacement name. EUMORPHIOPAIS Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)n : 8 [key], 17. Type-species: Eutnorphiopais quadriplaga Hering, 1922, ibid. 88(A)n : 17, by original designation and monotypy. EUPHACUSA Matsumura, 1927, /. Coll. Agric. Hokkaido imp. Univ. 19 : 79, 80. Type-species: Euphacusa taikozana Matsumura, 1927, ibid. 19 : 79, 80, by original desig- nation and monotypy. See also: %Euphascusa Matsumura, 1931; $Eusphacusa Bryk, 1936. %EUPHASC USA -Matsumura, 1931, 6000 III. Insects Japan-Empire: 988. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Euphacusa Matsumura, 1927. IEUSPHACUSA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 307. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Euphacusa Matsumura, 1927. EUSPHALERA Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 31. Type-species: Eterusia regina Rothschild, 1903, Novit. zool. 10 : 484, pi. 12, fig. 23, by subsequent designation: Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 196. EUTYCHIA Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 117. Type-species: Sphinx rhadamanthus Esper, [1793], Schmett., Suppl. 2(2) : 13, pi. 40, figs i, 2, by subsequent designation: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 202. EUXANTHOPYGE Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)u : n [key], 62. Type-species: Euxanthopyge hexophthalma Hering, 1922, ibid. 88(A)n : 62, by original designation and monotypy. FELDERIA Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 163 (nom. praeocc.) (objective replacement name for Acreagris Felder, 1874, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Acreagris correbioides Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 2, by monotypy of Acreagris Felder, 1874. Felderia Kirby, 1892, is a junior homonym of Felderia Walsingham, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae), and a junior subjective synonym of Pyromorpha Herrich-Schaffer, 1854. The type-species Acreagris correbioides Felder, 1874, is currently considered to be congeneric with Pyromorpha dimidiata Herrich-Schaffer, 1854, the type-species of Pyromorpha Herrich- Schaffer, which may be used as the subjective replacement name. FORMICULUS Grote, (vii) 1866, Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6 : 184. Type-species: Formiculus pygmaeus Grote, 1866, ibid. 6 : 185, pi. 5, fig. 4 [= Setiodes nana Herrich-Schaffer, 1866, KorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 20 : 106], by monotypy. Formiculus Grote, 1866, is a junior subjective synonym of Setiodes Herrich-Schaffer, 1866. The type-species Formiculus pygmaeus Grote, 1866, is currently considered to be conspecific with Setiodes nana Herrich-Schaffer, 1866, the type-species of Setiodes Herrich-Schaffer. FUNERALIA Alberti, 1954, Mitt - zo l - Mus - Berl - 30 : 26 4- Type-species: Funeratia transiens Alberti, 1954, && 30 : 264, by original designation and monotypy. 128 W. G. TREMEWAN GAEDEA Hering, 1924, Dt. ent. Z. 1924 : 272. Type-species : Gaedea separata Hering, 1924, ibid. 1924 : 273, by original designation and monotypy. GINGLA Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 128. Type-species: Gingla radialis Walker, 1864, ibid. 31 : 128, by monotypy. GLAUCOPIS Fabricius, 1807, in Illiger, Magazin Insektenk. 6 : 289 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: ZygaenaargynnisFaibricius, 1781, Species Insect. 2 : 161 [= Sphinx hypparchus Cramer, [1779], Uitl. Kappellen 3 : 7, pi. 197, fig. C; [1780], ibid. 3 : 175], by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 169. Glaucopis Fabricius, 1807, is a junior homonym of Glaucopis Gmelin, 1788 (Aves) ; Marmax Rafinesque, 1815, was proposed as the objective replacement name. GOE Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 242 (as Goe). Type-species: Goe diaphana Hampson, [1893], ibid. 1 : 242, by original designation and monotypy. GONIOPROCRIS Jordan, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 6 : 23. Type-species: Gonioprocris xena Jordan, 1913, ibid. 6 : 23, by original designation. GREGORITA Povolny & Smelhaus, 1951, V&st. 6sl. zool. Spol. 15 : 159, 164. Type-species: Procris hispanica Alberti, 1937, Ent. Z. 51 : 87, figs Ai-A4, by original designation and monotypy. Described as a subgenus of Procris Fabricius, 1807. %GYMNAUTOCERA Westwood, 1841, Arcana ent. 1 : 20. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Gynautocera Gu6rin-M6neville, 1831. %GYNANTOCERA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 339. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Gynautocera Guerin-M6neville, 1831. %GYNATOCERAS Rambur, [1866], Cat. syst. Lepid. Andalousie (2) : 179. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Gynautocera Gu6rin-Meneville, 1831. GYNAUTOCERA Guerin-Meneville, 1831, Magasin Zool. Paris 1 : 12. Type-species: Gynautocera papilionaria Gu6rin-M6neville, 1831, ibid. 1 : 12, by mono- typy- See also: %Gymnautocera Westwood, 1841; %Gynantoceva Walker, 1854; %Gynatoceras Rambur, [1866]. HADRIONELLA Jordan, 1925, Novit. zool. 32 : 231. Type-species: Capritna spectabilis Rothschild, 1899, in Rothschild & Jordan, Novit. zool. 6 : 434, by original designation. HAMPSONIA Swinhoe, 1894, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6)14 : 443. Type-species: Hampsonia pulcherrima Swinhoe, 1894, ibid. (6)14 : 443, by monotypy. HARRISINA Packard, 1864, Proc. Essex Inst., Salem, Mass. 4 : 31. Type-species: Aglaope americana Guerin-M6neville, 1844, Icon. Regne Anim., Insectes: 501, pi. 84 bis, fig. n, by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 114. HARRISINOPSIS Jordan, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 6 : 26. Type-species: Harrisinopsis robusta Jordan, 1913, ibid. 6 : 26, by original designation and monotypy. HARRISINULA Hering, 1925, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 39 : 158. Type-species: Harrisinula infernalis Hering, 1925, ibid. 39 : 158, by original designation and monotypy. HEDINA Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 249. Type-species: Northia tennis Butler, 1877, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)20 : 394, by original designation. Described as a subgenus of Illiberis Walker, 1854. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 129 HEMICHRYSOPTERA Roepke, 1943, Natuurh. Maandbl. 32 : 69. Type-species: Hetnichrysoptera celebensis Roepke, 1943, ibid. 32 : 69, by monotypy. HEMISCIA Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 40. Type-species: Herpa tneeki Rothschild, 1896, Novit. zool. 3 : 325, by subsequent designa- tion: Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 229. HERPA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 441 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Herpa venosa Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 442, by monotypy. Herpa Walker, 1854, is a junior homonym of Herpa Guilding, 1826 (Mollusca), and is here replaced by Neoherpa nom. n. HERPIDIA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 229. Type-species: Herpa eupotna Swinhoe, 1897, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6)19 : 166, by original designation and monotypy. HERPOLASIA Rothschild & Jordan, 1905, Novit. zool. 12 : 476. Type-species: Herpolasia augarra Rothschild & Jordan, 1905, ibid. 12 : 476, by original designation. HESTIOCHORA Meyrick, 1886, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2)! : 788. Type-species: Procris tricolor Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : in, by subsequent designation: Turner, 1926, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 51 : 441. See also: ^Histiochora Pagenstecher, 1909. HESYCHIA Htibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 116. Type-species: Sphinx laeta Hiibner, 1790, Beitr. Geschichte Schmett. 2 : 88, pi. 2, fig. H, by subsequent designation: Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1953, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 43 : 219. HETEROPAN Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 440. Type-species: Heteropan scintillans Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 441, by monotypy. HETERUSIA Agassiz, 1846, Nomencl. zool. Index univ.: 521. Type-species: Eterusia tricolor Hope, 1841, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 18 : 445, by monotypy of Eterusia Hope, 1841. An unjustified emendation of Eterusia Hope, 1841. Heterusia Agassiz, 1846, is a junior homonym of Heterusia Hiibner, [1825] (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) . %HETERUSIA Doubleday, 1844, Zoologist 2 : 468. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Eterusia Hope, 1841. HETERUSINULA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 231. Type-species: Eterusia dlchroa Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 33, by original designation and monotypy. HIMANTOPTERUS Wesmael, 1836, Bull. Acad. r. Belg. 3 : 162. Type-species: Hlmantopterus fusclnervls Wesmael, 1836, ibid. 3 : 162, by monotypy. HISTIA Hiibner, [1820], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 198. Type-species: Zygaena flabelllcornls Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ent.: 831, by monotypy. %HISTIOCHORA Pagenstecher, 1909, Geogr. Verbr. Schmett.: 441. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Hestiochora Meyrick, 1886. HOMOPHYLOTIS Turner, 1904, Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 28 : 243. Type-species: Homophylotis thyrldota Turner, 1904, ibid. 28 : 243, by monotypy. HUEBNERIANA Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1957, Mitt - munch, ent. Ges. 47 : 144. Type-species: Sphinx lonlcerae Scheven, 1777, Naturforscher, Halle 10 : 97, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. 130 W. G. TREMEWAN HYALA BurgeflF, 1926, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 33 : 15 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Zygaena loyselis Oberthiir, 1876, Etud. d'Ent. 1 : 34, by subsequent designa- tion: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 201. Hyala Burgeff, 1926, is a junior homonym of Hyala Adams, 1852 (Mollusca); Yasumatsuia Strand, 1936, was proposed as the objective replacement name. %HYDROTHA UMA Rothschild & Jordan, 1903, Novit. zool. 10 : 483. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Mydrothauma Butler, 1892. HYSTEROSCENE Hering, 1925, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 39 : 176. Type-species: Hysteroscene extravagans Hering, 1925, ibid. 39 : 177, by original designa- tion and monotypy. ILLIBERIS Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 280. Type-species: Illiberis sinensis Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 280, by monotypy. See also: %Jlliberis Piingeler, 1914. I NO Leach, 1815, in Brewster, Edinb. Encycl. 9 : 131 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 495, by monotypy. Ino Leach, 1815, is a junior homonym of Ino Schrank, 1803 (Crustacea), and a junior objective synonym of Procris Fabricius, 1807, which is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Adscita Retzius, 1783. The type-species Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, which is also the type-species of Procris Fabricius, 1807, is currently considered to be conspecific with Adscita turcosa Retzius, 1783, the type-species of Adscita Retzius, which may be used as a subjective replacement name for Ino Leach. INOPE Staudinger, 1887, in Romanoff, Mem. Lepid. 3 : 170. Type-species: Inope heterogyna Staudinger, 1887, ibid. 3 : 170, by monotypy. IS BART A Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 7 : 1672. Type-species: Isbarta glauca Walker, 1856, ibid. 7 : 1672 [= Epyrgis pieridoides Herrich- Schaffer, 1853, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1, pi. i, fig. 5], by monotypy. ISCHNUSIA Jordan, 1928, Novit. zool. 34 : 134. Type-species: Syntomis culiculina Mabille, 1878, Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 3 : 85, by monotypy. ISOCRAMBIA Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : n. Type-species: Doclea rnelaleuca Rothschild & Jordan, 1905, Novit. zool. 12 : 477, by subsequent designation: Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 141. %JLLIBERIS Piingler, 1914, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 28 : 53. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Illiberis Walker, 1854. %JNO Piingeler, 1914, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 28 : 52. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Ino Leach, 1815. JORDANITA Agenjo, 1940, Eos, Madr. 13 : 46, 47. Type-species: Sphinx chloros Hiibner, [1808-1813], Samml. eur. Schmett. 2, pi. 28, figs 128, 129, by subsequent designation: Verity, 1946, Redia (2)31 : 131. Proposed as a subgenus of Procris Fabricius, 1807. KLABOANA Moore, 1879, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 : 393. Type-species: Gynautocera macularia Gu6rin-M6neville, 1843, in Delessert, Souvenirs d'un Voyage dans I'lnde (2) : 83, pi. 25, fig. 2, by monotypy. Klaboana Moore, 1879, is a junior subjective synonym of Pintia Walker, 1854. The type- species Gynautocera macularia Gurin-M6neville, 1843, is currently considered to be con- specific with Pintia metachloros Walker, 1854, the type-species of Pintia Walker. KUBIA Matsumura, 1927, /. Coll. Agric. Hokkaido imp. Univ. 19(i) : 81. Type-species: Kubia rubricollis Matsumura, 1927, ibid. 19(i) : 81, by original designation and monotypy. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 131 KUBLAIA Albert!, 1954, Mitt - zo l - Mus - Berl - 30 : 2 55- Type-species: Illiberis heringi Draeseke, 1926, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 40 : 45, figs, by original designation and monotypy. Proposed as a subgenus of Illiberis Walker, 1854. * LAEMOCHARIS Herrich-Schaffer, 1858, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1 : 80. Type-species: Laemocharis pertyi Herrich-Schaffer, 1854, ibid. 1, pi. 47, fig. 249; 1858, ibid. 1 : 80, by subsequent designation: Grote, 1873, Bull. Buffalo Soc. not. Sci. 1 : 32. Bryk (1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 301) erroneously included Laemocharis Herrich- Schaffer, 1858, in the Zygaenidae in synonymy under Stylura Burmeister, 1878. The genus is currently placed in the Ctenuchidae (= Syntomidae) (Zerny, 1912, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 7 : 54). LAMONTIA Kaye, 1923, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1922 : 997 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Lamontia calibana Kaye, 1923, ibid. 1922 : 997, pi. I, fig. 18, by monotypy. Lamontia Kaye, 1923, is a junior homonym of Lamontia Kirk, 1895 (Spongida), and is here replaced by Monalita nom. n. LAMPROCHLOE Hampson, 1900, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 13 : 226 (as Lamprochloe) . Type-species: Lamprochloe albipuncta Hampson, 1900, ibid. 13 : 226, by monotypy. See also: %Lamprochroe Bryk, 1936. %LAMPROCHROE Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 113. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Lamprochloe Hampson, 1900. LAMPROCHRYSA Hampson, 1918, Novit. zool. 25 : 378 [key], 379. Type-species : Diospage triplex Plotz, 1880, sensu Hampson, 1918, ibid. 25 : 379 [= Diospage scintillans Butler, 1893, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 675, pi. 60, figs 12, 13], by original designation and monotypy. When proposing this genus, Hampson (loc. cit.) based his description on the type-specimens of Diospage scintillans Butler, which he incorrectly placed in synonymy under Diospage triplex Plotz, without examining the type of the latter species. Gaede (1926, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 14 : 26) considered scintillans Butler to be a distinct species, retaining it in the genus Lamprochrysa, and placed triplex Plotz in the genus Syringura Holland (Gaede, loc. cit.: 33). %LA URIA Herrich-Schaffer, 1858, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1 : 57. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Laurion Walker, 1854. LAURION Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin BY. Mus. 2 : 426. Type-species: Laurion metallica Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 426 [= Milleria circe Herrich- Schaffer, 1853, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1, pi. [i], fig. 2], by monotypy. See also: %Lauvia Herrich-Schaffer, 1858. *LEPTOTHRIX Heylaerts, 1892, Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 36 : 47 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Leptothrix tettigonioides Heylaerts, 1892, ibid. 36 : 47, by monotypy. Leptothrix Heylaerts, 1892, is a junior homonym of Leptothrix Menge, 1869 (Arachnida), and a junior subjective synonym of Chionaema Herrich-Schaffer, 1856. Originally described in the Zygaenidae; subsequently transferred to the Arctiidae : Litho- siinae by van Eecke (1925, Zool. Meded. Leiden 8 : 171; 1927, ibid. 10 : 102) who placed the type-species in the genus Chionaema Herrich-Schaffer, 1856. LEPTOZYGAENA Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 13. Type-species: Leptozygaena gracilis Jordan, 1907, ibid. 10 : 13, by monotypy. LEVUANA Bethune-Baker, 1906, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7)18 : 343. Type-species: Levuana iridescens Bethune-Baker, 1906, ibid. (7)18 : 344, by original designation and monotypy. I 3 2 W. G. TREMEWAN LIBANIA Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1956, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 46 : 94 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Zygaena graslini Lederer, 1855, Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. Wien 5 : 197, pi. 2, figs 3, 4, by original designation and monotypy. Libania Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1956, was proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775, and is a junior homonym of Libania Penchinat, 1870 (Mollusca), and a junior subjective synonym of Mesembrynus Hiibner, [1819]. The type-species Zygaena graslini Lederer, 1855, is currently considered to be congeneric with Zygaena (Mesembrynus) purpuralis Briinnich, 1763, the type-species of the subgenus Mesembrynus Hiibner, which may be used as the subjective replacement name. LICTORIA Burgeff, 1926, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 33 : 20. Type-species: Sphinx achilleae Esper, [1781], Schmett. 2 : 189, pi. 25, figs za, ib [= Sphinx loti [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775, Ankilndung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienergegend: 45], by subsequent designation: Holik, 1938, Ent. Rdsch. 55 : 352. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. LOPHOSOMA Swinhoe, 1892, Cat. east. &> Aust. Lepid. Heterocera Colin Oxf. Univ. Mus. 1 : 58. Type-species: Syntomis cuprea Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 7 : 1596, by original designation. LUCASIA Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 319 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Procris cirtana Lucas, 1849, Explor. scient. Algivie, Zool. 2(3) : 374, pi. 3, fig- 3 by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Procris Fabricius, 1807. Lucasia Alberti, 1954, * s a junior homonym of Lucasia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (Insecta : Diptera); Lucasiterna Alberti, 1961, was proposed as the objective replacement name. %LUCASIDIA Agenjo, 1968, Graellsia 23, Catalogo ordenador de los Iepid6pteros de Espana, Zygaenidae: [5]. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Lucasia Alberti, 1954. LUCASITERNA Alberti, 1961, Ent. Z. 71 : 59 (objective replacement name for Lucasia Alberti, 1954, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Procris cirtana Lucas, 1849, Explor. scient. Algdrie, Zool. 2(3) : 374, pi. 3, fig- 3 by original designation for Lucasia Alberti, 1954. See also: Lucasia Alberti, 1954; %Lucasidia Agenjo, 1968. LYCASTES Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 118. Type-species: Sphinx exulans Hohenwarth, 1792, in Reiner & Hohenwarth, Bot. Reisen [1] : 265, pi. 6, fig. 2, by subsequent designation: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 202. MALAMBLIA Jordan, 1907, Entomologist 40 : 124. Type-species: Malamblia durbanica Jordan, 1907, ibid. 40 : 125, by monotypy. MALTHACA Clemens, 1860, Proc. Acad. not. Sci. Philad. 1860 : 540. Type-species: Malthaca perlucidula Clemens, 1860, ibid. 1860 : 541 [= Pyromorpha dimidiata Herrich-Schaffer, 1854, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1, pi. [43], fig. 222; 1856, ibid. 1 : 6; 1858, ibid. 1 : 57], by monotypy. Malthaca Clemens, 1860, is a junior subjective synonym of Pyromorpha Herrich-Schaffer, 1854. The type-species Malthaca perlucidula Clemens, 1860, is currently considered to be conspecific with Pyromorpha dimidiata Herrich-Schaffer, 1854, the type-species of. Pyromorpha Herrich-Schaffer. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 133 MARMAX Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la Nature: 128 (objective replacement name for Glaucopis Fabricius, 1807, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Zygaena argynnis Fabricius, 1781, Species Insect. 2 : 161 [= Sphinx hypparchus Cramer, [1779], Uitl. Kapellen, 3 : 7, pi. 197, fig. C; [1780], ibid. 3 : 175], by subsequent designation for Glaucopis Fabricius, 1807. See also: %Chariclea Hampson, 1918; Charidea Dalman, 1816; Glaucopis Fabricius, 1807; Pompostola Hiibner, [1819]. *MELISOMIMAS Jordan, 1907, Entomologist 40 : 127. Type-species: Melisa grandis Holland, 1893, sensu Jordan, 1907, ibid. 40 : 127 [= Meli- somimas metallica Hampson, 1914, Bull. ent. Res. 5 : 245], by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Zygaenidae; here transferred to the Metarbelidae (Vari, in litt.). Hampson (loc. cit.) realised that Jordan (loc. cit.) had misidentified Melisa grandis Holland, 1893, and redescribed Jordan's specimens as a new species, Melisomimas metallica Hampson. MENELIKIA Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 308 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Menelikia jordani Alberti, 1954, ^id. 30 : 309, by original designation and monotypy. Menelikia Alberti, 1954, * s a junior homonym of Menelikia Arambourg, 1941 (Mammalia); Alter amenelikia Alberti, 1971, was proposed as the objective replacement name. MESEMBRYNOIDEA Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1958, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 48 : 271. Type-species: Zygaena cambysea Lederer, 1870, Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 6 : 86, pi. 5, fig. 6, by original designation and monotypy. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. MESEMBRYNUS Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 119. Type-species: Zygaena pluto Ochsenheimer, 1808, Schmett. Eur. 2 : 26 [= Sphinx purpuralis Briinnich, 1763, in Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas 1 : 686, pi. 30], by subsequent designation: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 202. See also: Libania Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1956. METANYCLES Butler, 1876, /. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 12 : 425. Type-species: Aclytia contracta Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 102, by original designation and monotypy. MILLERIA Herrich-Schaffer, 1853, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1, pi. [i], fig. 4; 1858, ibid. 1: 7 8. Type-species: Milleria virginalis Herrich-Schaffer, 1853, ibid. 1, pi. [i], fig. 4; 1858, ibid. 1 : 78 [ Gynautocera adalifa Doubleday, 1847, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (i)19 : 76], by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 43. Milleria Herrich-Schaffer, 1853, is not a junior homonym of Milleria Goldfuss, 1830 (Echinoderma), which is a nomen nudum. MIMASCAPTESYLE Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)n : n [key], 77. Type-species: Mimascaptesyle zelotypia Hering, 1922, ibid. 88(A)n : 78, by original designation. MIMEUPLOEA Butler, 1877, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1877 : 169. Type-species: Mimeuploea rhadaniantha Butler, 1877, ibid. 1877 : 170 [= Cyclosia danaides Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 114], by original designation and monotypy. See also: \Mineuploea Swinhoe, 1892. %MINEUPLOEA Swinhoe, 1892, Cat. east. & Aust. Lepid. Heterocera Colin Oxf. Univ. Mus. l: 7 i An incorrect subsequent spelling of Mimeuploea Butler, 1877. 134 W. G. TREMEWAN MONALITA nom. n. for Lamontia Kaye, 1923 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Lamontia calibana Kaye, 1923, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1922 : 997, pi. i, fig. 1 8, by monotypy of Lamontia Kaye, 1923. See also: Lamontia Kaye, 1923. MONOSCHALIS Hampson, [1893], Fauna BY. India, Moths 1 : 238. Type-species: Monoschalis virescens Hampson, [1893], ibid. 1 : 238, by original designa- tion and monotypy. MORIONIA Jordan, 1910, Novit. zool. 17 : 256. Type-species: Morionia sciara Jordan, 1910, ibid. 17 : 256, by monotypy. MYDROTHAUMA Butler, 1892, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1892 : 121. Type-species: Mydrothauma ada Butler, 1892, ibid. 1892 : 122, by original designation and monotypy. See also: Chrysocaleopsis van Eecke, 1920; %Hydrothauma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903. NAUFOCKIA Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 317. Type-species: Procris brandti Alberti, 1938, Ent. Rdsch. 55 : 398, figs lA-iD, by monotypy. Proposed as a subgenus of Rhagades Wallengren, 1863. NEOBALATAEA Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 306. Type-species: Neobalataea nigriventris Alberti, 1954, ibid- 30 : 307, by original designation. NEOHERPA nom. n. for Herpa Walker, 1854 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Herpa venosa Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 442, by monotypy of Herpa Walker, 1854. See also: Herpa Walker, 1854. NEOPROCRIS Jordan, 1915, Novit. zool. 22 : 300. Type-species: Neoprocris saltuaria Jordan, 1915, ibid. 22 : 300, by original designation and monotypy. See also: %Neoproctis Bryk, 1936. NEOPROCRIS Turner, 1926, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 51 : 445 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Procris dolens Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 112, by original designation and monotypy. Neoprocris Turner, 1926, is a junior homonym of Neoprocris Jordan, 1915 (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) ; Turneriprocris Bryk, 1936, was proposed as the objective replacement name. INEOPROCTIS Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 302, 308. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Neoprocris Jordan, 1915. NEOPRYERIA Matsumura, 1927, /. Coll. Agric. Hokkaido imp. Univ. 19(i) : 75, 76. Type-species: Neopryeria jezoensis Matsumura, 1927, ibid. 19(i) : 75, by original designation and monotypy. %NEOSYMPLOCA Barrett, 1901, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 37 : 193. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Neurosymploca Wallengren, 1858. NESACE Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera, 1 : 112 (objective replacement name for Pampa Walker, 1854). Type-species: Euchromia mystica Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 238, by subsequent designation for Pampa Walker, 1854. Nesace Kirby, 1892, is an unnecessary replacement name for Pampa Walker, 1854. NETROCERA Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 5; Erklarung der Tafeln LXXV bis CVII, p. 7. Type-species: Netrocera setioides Felder, 1874, ibid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 5, by monotypy. See also: Netrocera Jordan, 1907. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 135 NETROCERA Jordan, 1907, Entomologist 40 : 126. Type-species: Netrocera setioides Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 5, by PRESENT DESIGNATION. Jordan considered Netrocera Felder, 1874, to be a nomen nudum and described it as a new genus. However, as Netrocera Felder, 1874, is a valid name, Netrocera Jordan, 1907, is a junior homonym and a junior objective synonym of the former. NEUROSYMPLOCA Wallengren, 1858, Ofvers. K. VetenskAkad. Fork. Stockh. 15 : 136. Type-species: Zygaena concinna Dalman, 1823, sensu Wallengren, 1858, ibid. 15 : 136 [= Neurosytnploca wallengreni Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 80], by original designation and monotypy. See also: %Neosymploca Barrett, 1901. NINIA Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 8 : 72 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Sphinx plumipes Drury, 1782, III. exot. Insects 3 : 3, pi. 2, fig. 3; Index, P- [77] [ Cicinnocnemis cornuta Holland, 1893, // N. Y. ent. Soc. 1 : 181], by monotypy. The type-species, Sphinx plumipes Drury, 1782, is a junior, primary homonym of Sphinx plumipes Drury, 1773, (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchidae (= Syntomidae) ); it may be replaced by Cicinnocnemis cornuta Holland, 1893, which is currently considered to be a junior, subjective synonym. Ninia Walker, 1856, is a junior homonym of Ninia Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia), and may be replaced by its junior subjective synonym Cicinnocnemis Holland, 1893. NORTHIA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 141 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Glaucopis nigrigemma Walker, 1854, ibid. 1 : 141, by monotypy. Walker (loc. cit.) included two nominal species in the genus Northia Walker, 1854, viz., nigrigemma Walker and auxo Linnaeus; however, the latter was doubtfully included, conse- quently nigrigemma is the type-species by monotypy. Northia Walker, 1854, is a junior homonym of Northia Gray, 1847 (Mollusca); it may be replaced by its junior subjective synonym Zama Herrich-Schaffer, 1856. The type-species Glaucopis nigrigemma Walker, 1854, is currently considered to be conspecific with Zama cyanecula Herrich-Schaffer, 1856, the type-species of Zama Herrich-Schaffer. NOTIOPTERA Butler, 1876, /. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 12 : 355, pi. 28, fig. 2. Type-species: Syntomis dolosa Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 7 : 1 594, by original designation. ONCEROPYGA Turner, 1906, Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 30 : 137. Type-species: Onceropyga anelia Turner, ibid. 30 : 137, by monotypy. OPISOPLATIA Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 30. Type-species: Opisoplatia grandis Jordan, 1907, ibid. 10 : 31, by monotypy. ORNA Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 81 (objective replacement name for Euctenia Felder, 1874, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Euctenia zygaenoides Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2) Lepid. 4, pi. 82, fig. 21; Erklarung der Tafeln LXXV bis CVII, p. 4, by monotypy for Euctenia Felder, 1874. See also: Euctenia Felder, 1874. %^PALAEOZYGAENA Reiss, 1936, Ent. Rdsch. 53 : 556 (nomen nudum). Although associated with Zygaena miocaenica Reiss, 1936, the name can only be treated as a nomen nudum and is therefore unavailable. Reiss (loc. cit.) stated that he would not wish to erect a new genus such as Palaeozygaena for the species. 136 W. G. TREMEWAN PAMPA Walker, [n.ii.] 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin BY. Mus. 1 : 238. Type-ppecies : Euchromia mystica Walker, 1854, ibid. 1 : 239, by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 112. Kirby (loc. cit.) replaced the name Pampa Walker, 1854, by Nesace Kirby, 1892, as the former was erroneously considered to be a junior homonym of Pampa Reichenbach, 1854 (Aves). Neave (1940, Nomencl. zool. 3 : 543) considered Pampa Walker, 1854 to be a senior homonym and therefore available. The exact date of publication of Pampa Reichenbach is unknown, but it is known by external evidence that Pampa Walker was published on n.ii. 1854; the latter should therefore take priority. See also: Nesace Kirby, 1892. PANHERP1NA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 192. Type-species: Herpa basiflava Oberthiir, 1891, Etud. d'Ent. 15 : 21, pi. 3, fig. 25, by original designation and monotypy. PARAPHLEBIA Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 6; Erklarung der Tafeln LXXV bis CVIII, p. 7 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Paraphlebia lithosina Felder, 1874, ibid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 6, by monotypy. Paraphlebia Felder, 1874, is a junior homonym of Paraphlebia Selys, 1861 (Insecta : Odonata), and may be replaced by its junior subjective synonym Phlebohecta Hampson, [1893]. The type-species Paraphlebia lithosina Felder, 1874, is currently considered to be congeneric with Soritia fuscescens Moore, 1879, which is the type-species of Phlebohecta Hampson. PARASYNTOMIS Distant, 1897, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6)20 : 15, 16. Type-species: Parasyntomis aethiops Distant, 1897, ibid. (6)20 : 15, 16, by monotypy. Placed in the Zygaenidae by Janse (1917, Check-list S. Afr. Lepid. Heterocera: 140). PEDOPTILA Butler, 1885, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5)15 : 341. Type-species: Pedoptila nemopteridia Butler, 1885, ibid. (5)15 : 341, by monotypy. See also: %Petoptila Bethune-Baker, 1911. PERISTYGIA Burgeff, 1926, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 33 : 25. Type-species: Zygaena anthyllidis Boisduval, 1828, Monogr. Zygenides: 78, pi. 4, fig. 8, by subsequent designation: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 202. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. *PERROTIA Oberthiir, 1922, Etud. Lepid. comp. 19(i) : 153 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Perrotia tamatavana Oberthiir, 1922, ibid. 19(i) : 153, by monotypy. Perrotia Oberthiir, 1922, is a junior homonym of Perrotia Oberthiir, 1916 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae); Boisduvalodes Viette, 1955, was proposed as the objective replacement name. Originally described in the Megalopygidae ; subsequently transferred to the Zygaenidae : Phaudinae (Jordan, 1928, Novit. zool. 34 : 132), and Zygaenidae : Anomoeotinae (Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 201). Here transferred to the Somabrachyidae (Tarns, in litt.j. \PETOPTILA Bethune-Baker, 1911, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8)7 : 573. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Pedoptila Butler, 1885. \PEUCEDAMOPHILA Neave, 1940, Nomencl. zool. 3 : 682. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Peucedanophila Burgeff, 1926. PEUCEDANOPHILA Burgeff, 1926, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 33 : 19. Type-species: Sphinx cynarae Esper, [1789], Schmett., Suppl. 2(2) : 2, pi. 37, figs 2-4, by monotypy. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. See also: %Peucedamophila Neave, 1940. PHACUSA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 150. Type-species: Glaucopis tenebrosa Walker, 1854, ibid. 1 : 150, by monotypy. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 137 IPHANDA Mell, 1922, Dt. ent. Z. 1922 : 126. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Phauda Walker, 1854. PHAUDA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin BY. Mus. 1 : 256. Type-species: Euchromia flamrnans Walker, 1854, ibid. 1 : 257, by subsequent designa- tion: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : in. See also: \Phanda Mell, 1922. PHAUDOPSIS Hampson, 1900, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 13 : 226. Type-species: Phaudopsis igneola Hampson, 1900, ibid. 13 : 226, by monotypy. IPHILIPATOR Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 185, 308. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Philopator Moore, 1865. PHILOPATOR Moore, 1865, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1865 : 800. Type-species: Philopator basimaculata Moore, 1865, ibid. 1865 : 800, by monotypy. See also: $Philipator Bryk, 1936. %PHIMARA Pagenstecher, 1909, Geogr. Verbr. Schmett.: 440. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Thymara Doubleday, 1843. PHLEBOHECTA Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 251. Type-species: Soritia fuscescens Moore, 1879, in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colin Atkinson: 16, by original designation. See also: Paraphlebia Felder, 1874. PIAROSOMA Hampson, [1893], Fauna Br. India, Moths 1 : 243. Type-species: Piarosoma albicinctum Hampson, [1893], ibid. 1 : 243, by original designa- tion and monotypy. %PIDERUS Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 117. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Pidorus Walker, 1854. %PIDORA Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 7 : 1670. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Pidorus Walker, 1854. PIDORUS Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 424. Type-species: Phalaena Bombyx glaucopis Drury, 1773, ///. exot. Insects 2 : n, pi. 6, fig. 4, Index, p. [91], by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 51. See also: $Piderus Walker, 1864; %Pidora Walker, 1856. PINTIA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 280. Type-species: Pintia metachloros Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 281 [= Gynautocera macularia Gue'rin-Meneville, 1843, in Delessert, Souvenirs d'un Voyage dans I'Inde (2) : 83, pi. 25, fig. 2], by monotypy. See also: Klaboana Moore, 1879. PLATYZYGAENA Swinhoe, 1892, Cat. east. &> Aust. Lepid. Heterocera Colin Oxf. Univ. Mus. 1:57- Type-species: Soritia tnoelleri Elwes, 1890, Proc. zool. Soc. Land. 1890 : 385, pi. 32, fig. 13, by original designation and monotypy. PLETHONEURA Bryk, 1913, Int. ent. Z. 7 : 85. Type-species: Dianeura jacksoni Butler, 1888, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6)1 : 50, figs 2, 3, by monotypy. POLLANISTA Strand, 1915, Arch. Naturgesch. 80(A)io : 118. Type-species: Pollanista inconspicua Strand, 1915, ibid. 80(A)io : 118, by original designation and monotypy. POLLANISUS Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 114. Type-species: Procris viridipulverulenta Gue'rin-Me'neville, 1839, Magasin Zool. Paris (2)! : 2, pi. ii, fig. 4, by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 87. 138 W. G. TREMEWAN POLYMORPHA Burgeff, 1926, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 33 : 65 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species : Sphinx transalpina Esper, [1781], Schmett. 2 : 142, by subsequent designation: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 202. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775, Polymorpha Burgeff, 1926, is a junior homonym of Polymorpha Soldani, 1791 (Protozoa); Biezankoia Strand, 1936, was proposed as the objective replacement name. POMPELON Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 413. Type-species: Gynautocera marginata Gu6rin-Meneville, 1843, in Delessert, Souvenirs d'un Voyage dans I'Inde (2) : 83, pi. 25, fig. i, by monotypy. POMPOSTOLA Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett. : 120. Type-species: Sphinx hypparchus Cramer, [1779], Uitl. Kapellen 3 : 7, pi. 197, fig. C; [1780], ibid. 3 : 175, by subsequent designation: Butler, 1876, /. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 12 : 421. Pompostola Hiibner, [1819], is a junior subjective synonym of Marmax Rafinesque, 1815. The type-species Sphinx hypparchus Cramer, 1779, is currently considered to be conspecific with Zygaena argynnis Fabricius, 1781, the type-species of Marmax Rafinesque. PRAEPROCRIS Alberti, 1954, Mitt - zo l - Mus - Berl - 30 : 315. Type-species: Rhagades (Praeprocris) pseudomaerens Alberti, 1954, ibid. 30 : 315, by original designation and monotypy. Proposed as a subgenus of Rhagades Wallengren, 1863. PRAEZYGAENA Alberti, 1954, Mitt - zo l - Mus - Berl - 30 : l8 5- Type-species: Zygaena myodes Druce, 1899, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7)3 : 232, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Epizygaena Jordan, [1907], PRAVIELA Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 329. Type-species: Procris anatolica Naufock, 1929, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 19 : 94, figs i, 2, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Procris Fabricius, 1807. PRIMILLIBERIS Alberti, 1954, Mitt - zo l - Mus - Berf - 30 : 2 3- Type-species: Illiberis laeva Piingeler, 1914, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 28 : 53, pi. 3, fig. 13, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Illiberis Walker, 1854. PROCOTES Butler, 1876, /. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 12 : 355. Type-species: Euchromia diminuta Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 230, by original designation and monotypy. PROCRIS Fabricius, 1807, in Illiger, Magazin Insektenk. 6 : 289. Type-species: Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 495, by subsequent designation: Latreille, 1810, Considerations generates'. 441. Procris Fabricius, 1807, is a junior subjective synonym of Adscita Retzius, 1783. The type- species Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758, is currently considered to be conspecific with Adscita turcosa Retzius, 1783, the type-species of Adscita Retzius. %PROERIS Pagenstecher, 1909, Geogr. Verbr. Schmett.: 441. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Procris Fabricius, 1807. PROSOPANDROPHILA Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)n : u [key], 60. Type-species: Gynautocera distincta Gu6rin-M6neville, 1843, in Delessert, Souvenirs d'un Voyage dans I'Inde (2) : 85, pi. 24, fig. 3, by original designation. PRYERIA Moore, 1877, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)20 : 85. Type-species: Pryeria sinica Moore, 1877, ibid. (4)20 : 86, by monotypy. See also: %Sinica Rebel, 1915. PS APHIS Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 433. Type-species: Psaphis camadeva Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 434 [= Gynautocera camadeva Doubleday, 1847, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (i)19 : 75], by monotypy. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 139 *PSEUDEUCHROMIA Schultze, 1907, Philipp. J. Sci. (A) 2 : 363. Type-species: Pseudeuchromia catachroma Schultze, 1907, ibid. (A)2 : 363, by mono- typy. Originally described in the Zygaenidae; here transferred to the Geometridae (Fletcher, in litt.). Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 231, 309. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Pseudoscaptesyle Hering, 1922. PSEUDONYCTEMERA Piepers & Snellen, 1903, Tijdschr. Ent. 45 : 210. Type-species: Leptosoma marginale Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1863, Tijdschr. Dierk. no. 10 : 43, by subsequent designation: van Eecke, (31. i.) 1925, Zodl. Meded. Leiden, 8 : 181. PSEUDOPROCRIS Druce, 1884, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid. -Heterocera, 1 : 38. Type-species: Pseudoprocris gracilis Druce, 1884, ibid. 1 : 38, by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 86. *PSEUDOPSYCHE Oberthiir, 1879, Diagnoses d'Especes nouv. L6pid. de Vile Askold: 7. Type-species: Pseudopsyche dembowskii Oberthiir, 1879, ibid. : 7, by monotypy. Originally described in the Pseudopsychidae ; subsequently transferred to the Limacodidae [= Cochlidiidae] (Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 344, 345). PSEUDOSCAPTESYLE Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)n : n [key], 76. Type-species: Eterusia circumdata Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 121, by original designation. See also: \Pseudocaptesyle Bryk, 1936. PSEUDOSESIDIA Alberti, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 271. Type-species: Balataea (Pseudosesidia) aegeriaeformis Alberti, 1954, ibid. 30 : 271, by monotypy. Proposed as a subgenus of Balataea Walker, 1864. PSEUDOTHYMARA Rebel, 1906, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 56 : 380, 381 [key]. Type-species: Pedoptila staudingeri Rogenhofer, 1888, Sber. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 38 : 61, by tnonotypy. *PSYCHARIUM Herrich-Schaffer, 1855, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1, pi. [80], fig. 461; 1858, ibid. 1 : 76. Type-species: Psycharium pellucens Herrich-Schaffer, 1855, ibid. 1, pi. [80], fig. 461, by monotypy. Placed in the Zygaenidae : Phaudinae by Jordan (1928, Novit. zool. 34 : 136) and in the Zygaenidae : Anomoeotinae by Alberti (1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 201). Here trans- ferred to the Somabrachyidae (Tarns, in litt.). PTEROCEROPSIS Swinhoe, 1904, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1904 : 154. Type-species: Pteroceropsis unipuncta Swinhoe, 1904, ibid. 1904 : 154, by monotypy. PYCNOCTENA Felder, 1874, in Felder & Rogenhofer, Reise ost. Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2(2), Lepid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 3; Erklarung der Tafeln LXXV bis CVII, p. 8. Type-species: Pycnoctena angustula Felder, 1874, ibid. 4, pi. 83, fig. 3, by monotypy. See also \Pyctonoctena Bryk, 1936. \PYCTONOCTENA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 309. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Pycnoctena Felder, 1874. PYROMORPHA Herrich-Schaffer, 1854, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1, pi. [43], fig. 222; 1856, ibid. 1 : 6; 1858, ibid. 1 : 57. Type-species: Pyromorpha dimidiata Herrich-Schaffer, 1854, ibid. 1, pi. [43], fig. 222, by monotypy. See also: Acreagris Felder, 1874; Felderia Kirby, 1892; Malthaca Clemens, 1860. I 4 o W. G. TREMEWAN *RATARDA Moore, 1879, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 : 392. Type-species : Ratarda marmorata Moore, 1879, ibid. 1879 :393, pi. 32, fig. i,by monotypy. Originally described in the Zygaenidae : Chalcosiinae; subsequently transferred to the Ratardidae (Dudgeon, Elwes & Hampson, 1901, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 13 : 425). REISSITA Tremewan, 1959, Entomologist 92 : 213. Type-species: Zygaena sitnonyi Rebel, 1899, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 36 : 360, by original designation. RETINA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 438. Type-species: Retina rubrivitta Walker, 1854, ibid. 2 : 439, by subsequent designation: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 57. RHAGADES Wallengren, 1863, Skand. Heterocer-fjdrilar 1 : no. Type-species: Sphinx pruni [Denis & Schififermiiller], 1775, Ankundung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wiener gegend: 308, by monotypy. RHAPHIDOGNATHA Felder & Felder, 1862, Wien. ent. Monatschr. 6 : 31 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Rhaphidognatha sesiaeformis Felder & Felder, 1862, ibid. 6 : 32 [= Euch- romia octomaculata Bremer, 1861, Bull, sclent. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 3 : 476], by monotypy. Rhaphidognatha Felder & Felder, 1862, is a junior homonym of Rhaphidognatha Murray, 1857 (Insecta : Coleoptera), and a senior subjective synonym of Balataea Walker, 1864, which may be used as the subjective replacement name. The type-species Rhaphidognatha sesiaeformis Felder & Felder, 1862, is currently considered to be conspecific with Balataea aegerioides Walker, 1864, the type-species of Balataea Walker; both are currently considered to be conspecific with Euchromia octomaculata Bremer, 1861. RHODOPSONA Jordan, [1907], in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 2 : 10. Type-species: Retina costata Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 439, by original designation. ROCCIA Alberti, 1954, Mitt - zo l - Mus - Berl - 30 : 3 26 - Type-species: Ino budensis Speyer & Speyer, 1858, Geogr. Verbr. Schmett. 1 : 466, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Procris Fabricius, 1807. SALIUNCA Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 108. Type-species: Saliunca thoracica Walker, 1864, ibid. 31 : 108 [= Tipulodes thoracica Walker, 1856, ibid. 7 : 1626], by original designation. SALIUNCELLA Jordan, [1907], Entomologist 40 : 124. Type-species: Saliuncella marshalli Jordan, 1907, ibid. 40 : 124, by monotypy. ISANTOLINIPHAGA Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1955, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 44/45 : 95; 1958, ibid. 48 : 283. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Santolinophaga Burgeff, 1926. SANTOLINOPHAGA Burgeff, 1926, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 33 : 18. Type-species: Zygaena Corsica Boisduval, 1828, Monogr. Zygenides: 81, pi. 5, fig. 2, by monotypy. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. Not recorded by Neave (1939-66, Nomencl. zool. 1-6). See also: %Santoliniphaga Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1955. SCIODOCLEA Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 17. Type-species: Sciodoclea modesta Jordan, 1907, ibid. 10 : 17, by monotypy. SCOTOPAIS Hering, 1922, Arch. Naturgesch. 88(A)u : 5 [key], 75. Type-species: Phlebohecta tristis Mell, 1922, Dt. ent. Z. 1922 : 127, by original designa- tion and monotypy. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 141 SEMIOPT1LA Butler, 1887, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5)20 : 180. Type-species: Setnioptila torta Butler, 1887, ibid. (5)20 : 181, by monotypy. SEPHISA Moore, [xii.] 1882, Lepid. Ceylon 2 : 41 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Eterusia cingala Moore, 1877, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)20 : 343 [= Pap[ilio] aedea Clerck, [1763], Icones Insect, rariorum (2), pi. [41], fig. [2] ], by monotypy. Sephisa Moore, [xii.] 1882, is a junior homonym of Sephisa Moore, (vi.) 1882 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) ; Devanica Moore, 1884, was proposed as the objective replacement name. The type-species Eterusia cingala Moore, 1877, is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym (subspecies) of Pap[ilio] aedea Clerck, [1763]. It should be noted that Pap\ilio\ aedea Clerck has been erroneously dated 1759 by various authors, including Bryk (1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 206). Although the name was published by Clerck in part 2 of Icones Insectorum rariorum, the title page of which is dated 1764, it is evident that the plate was issued before this date as Linnaeus (1763, Amoenitates Acad. 6 : 403), refers to many of Clerck's plates which form part 2 of his work. The name Pap[ilio] aedea Clerck should therefore be dated from [1763]. SERYDA Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 7 : 1598. Type-species: Seryda cincta Walker, 1856, ibid. 7 : 1598, by monotypy. SETIODES Herrich-Schaffer, (?vii) 1866, KorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 20 : 106. Type-species: Setiodes nana Herrich-Schafifer, 1866, ibid. 20 : 106, by monotypy. See also: Formiculus Grote, 1866. SILVICOLA Burgeff, 1926, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 33 : 10. Type-species: Zygaena chaos Burgeff, 1926, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 16 : 15 [= Anthrocera mana Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 64], by subsequent designation: Tremewan, 1961, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 73 : 203. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. Not recorded by Neave (1939-66, Nomencl. zool. 1-6). $SINICA Rebel, 1915, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 65 : (205) (nomen nudum). %Sinica Rebel, 1915, was treated by Neave (1940, Nomencl. Zool. 4 : 200) as an available name. However, it was published without a description or associated species, and is currently placed in synonymy under Pryeria Moore, 1877. The name probably originated in error for Pryeria Moore, 1877, of which Pryeria sinica Moore, 1877, is the type-species. SORITIA Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 2 : 435. Type-species: Chalcosia leptalina Kollar, 1844, in Hiigel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek 4(2) : 462 [= Chalcosia pulchella Kollar, 1844, ibid. 4(2) : 461], by subsequent designa- tion: Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 54. STAPHYLINOCHROUS Butler, 1894, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 676. Type-species: Staphylinochrous whytei Butler, 1894, ibid. 1893 : 676, by original designation and monotypy. $STENOPROCRIS Gaede, 1926, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 14 : 35. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Sthenoprocris Hampson, 1919. STHENOPROCRIS Hampson, 1919, Novit. zool. 26 : 275. Type-species: Sthenoprocris malgassica Hampson, 1919, ibid. 26 : 275, by original designation and monotypy. See also: %Stenoprocris Gaede, 1926. STYLURA Burmeister, 1878, Descr. phys. Republique Argent. 5 : 390. Type-species: Laemocharis forficula Herrich-Schaffer, 1855, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1, pi. 54, fig. 299; 1858, ibid. 1 : 81, by monotypy. SUBCLELEA Alberti, 1954, Mitt - zo l - Mus - Be ^- 30 : 2 9 2 - Type-species: Clelea (Subclelea) parabella Alberti, 1954, ibid- 30 : 293, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Clelea Walker, 1854. 142 W. G. TREMEWAN SVENIA Albert!, 1954, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 30 : 246 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Northia ulmivora Graeser, 1888, Berl. ent. Z. 32 : 107, by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Illiberis Walker, 1854. Svenia Alberti, 1954, is a junior homonym of Svenia Brotzen, 1937 (Protozoa) ; Alterasvenia Alberti, 1971, was proposed as the objective replacement name. SYRINGURA Holland, 1893, Psyche, Camb. 6 : 394. Type-species: Syringura uranopetes Holland, 1893, ibid. 6 : 394, by original designation and monotypy. TASCIA Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 7 : 1600. Type-species: Tascia chrysotelus Walker, 1856, ibid. 7 : 1600 [= Euchromia finalis Walker, 1854, ibid. 1 : 245], by monotypy. See also: %Tassia Druce, 1910. TASEMA Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 7 : 1597. Type-species: Tasema bipars Walker, 1856, ibid. 7 : 1597, by monotypy. %TASSIA Druce, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8)5 : 402. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Tascia Walker, 1856. TETRACLONIA Jordan, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 6 : 24. Type-species: Tetraclonia saucia Jordan, 1913, ibid. 6 : 24, by original designation. %THA UMASTOPHLEBS Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 309. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Thaumastophleps Jordan, 1907. THA UMASTOPHLEPS Jordan, 1907, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 10 : 14. Type-species: Syntomis expansa Walker, 1864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 31 : 73, by monotypy. See also: %Thaumastophlebs Bryk, 1936. THERESIA Spuler, 1906, in Hofmann, Schmett. Eur. 2 : 165 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Zygaena ampellophaga Bayle-Barelle, 1808, G. Soc. d' Incoraggiamento Sci. Milano 2 : 2, by monotypy. Theresia Spuler, 1906, is a junior homonym of Theresia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Insecta : Diptera); Theresimima Strand, 1917, was proposed as the objective replacement name. THERESIMIMA Strand, 1917, Int. ent. Z. 10 : 137 (objective replacement name for Theresia Spuler, 1906, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Zygaena ampellophaga Bayle-Barelle, 1808, G. Soc. d' Incoraggiamento Sci. Milano 2 : 2, by monotypy of Theresia Spuler, 1906. See also: Theresia Spuler, 1906. THERMOCHRO US Hampson, 1910, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1910 : 488. Type-species: Thermochrous fumicincta Hampson, 1910, ibid. 1910 : 488, by original designation. THERMOPHILA Hiibner, [1819], Verz. bekannt. Schmett.: 117. Type-species: Sphinx viciae [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775, Ankimdung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wiener gegend: 45, by subsequent designation: Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1957, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 47 : 144. Holik & Sheljuzhko (loc. cit.) cited meliloti Esper, [1793], as the type-species; this was placed in synonymy under viciae [Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775, by Hiibner (loc. cit.). THYMARA Doubleday, 1843, Zoologist 1 : 197. Type-species: Thymara zaida Doubleday, 1843, ibid. 1 : 198, by monotypy. See also: %Phimara Pagenstecher, 1909. THYRASSIA Butler, 1876, /. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 12 : 355. Type-species: Syntomis subcordata Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 132, by original designation and monotypy. THYRINA Poujade, 1886, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1886 : 143. Type-species: Thyrina elegans Poujade, 1886, ibid. 1886 : 143, by monotypy. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 143 TOOSA Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 8 : 64. Type-species: Toosa glaucopiformis Walker, 1856, ibid. 8 : 65, by monotypy. TRIACANTHIA Romieux, 1937, Mitt, schweiz. ent. Ges. 17 : 124. Type-species: Triacanthia fllictorum Romieux, 1937, ibid. 17 : 126, by original designa- tion and monotypy. TRICHOBAPTES Holland, 1893, Jl N. Y. ent. Soc. 1 : 184. Type-species: Trichobaptes sexstriata Holland, 1893, ibid. 1 : 184 [= Melittia auristrigata Plotz, 1880, Stettin, ent. Ztg 41 : 77], by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Sesiidae [ Aegeriidae]; subsequently transferred to the Zygaenidae : Charideinae (Hampson, 1918, Novit. zool. 25 : 382). TRIPROCRIS Grote, 1873, Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 1 : 35. Type-species: Procris stnithsoniana Clemens, 1860, Proc.Acad.nat. Sci. Philad. 1860:540, by original designation and monotypy. TRYPANOPHORA Kollar, 1844, in Hiigel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek 4(2) : 457. Type-species: Trypanophora semihyalina Kollar, 1844, ibid. 4(2) : 457, by original designation and monotypy. See also: %Tryphanonophora Bryk, 1936; %Tryphanophora Piepers & Snellen, 1903. %TRYPHANONOPHORA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 147. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Trypanophora Kollar, 1844. Piepers & Snellen, 1903, Tijdschr. Ent. 45 : 217. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Trypanophora Kollar, 1844. TURNERIPROCRIS Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 304 (objective replacement name for Neoprocris Turner, 1926, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Procris dolens Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 112, by original designation and monotypy for Neoprocris Turner, 1926. See also: Neoprocris Turner, 1926. URODOPSIS Jordan, 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 6 : 29. Type-species: Urodus subcaeruleus Dognin, 1910, Hetevoceres nouv. de I'Amdrique du Sud 1 : 43, by original designation. USGENTA Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1956, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 46 : 237. Type-species: Zygaena huguenini Staudinger, 1887, Stettin, ent. Ztg 48 : 73, by original designation and monotypy. Proposed as a subgenus of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. VOGLERIA Weyenbergh, 1876, Boln Acad. nac. Cienc. Cordoba 2 : 241. Type-species: Vogleria caudata Weyenbergh, 1876, ibid. 2 : 241, by monotypy. XENARES Herrich-Schaffer, 1856, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1:7; 1858, ibid. 1 : 58. Type-species: Xenares fortunii Herrich-Schaffer, 1856, ibid. 1:7; 1854, ibid. 1, pi. 43, fig. 223 (non-binominal) [= Euchromia triadum Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 257], by monotypy. See also: Collestis Wallengren, 1861. XENOPROCRIS Romieux, 1937, Mitt, schweiz. ent. Ges. 17 : 127. Type-species: Xenoprocris jordani Romieux, 1937, ibid - 17 : I2 9. by original designation and monotypy. YASUMATSUIA Strand, 1936, Folia zool. hydrobiol. 9 : 167 (objective replacement name for Hyala Burgeff, 1926, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Zygaena loyselis Oberthiir, 1876, Etud. d'Ent. 1 : 34, by subsequent designation for Hyala Burgeff, 1926. See also: Hyala Burgeff, 1926. I 4 4 W. G. TREMEWAN ZAMA Herrich-Schaffer, 1856, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1 : 7. Type-species: Zama cyanecula Herrich-Schaffer, 1856, ibid. 1 : 7; 1854, ibid. 1, pi. [43], fig. 224 [non-binominal] [= Glaucopis nigrigemma Walker, 1854, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 1 : 141], by monotypy. Not recorded by Neave (1939-66, Nomencl. zool. 1-6). See also: Northia Walker, 1854. ZEUXIPPA Herrich-Schaffer, 1856, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. 1 : 7. Type-species: Sphinx pulchra Drury, 1773, ///. exot. Insects 2 : 52, pi. 29, fig. 3, Index, p. [91], by monotypy. Herrich-Schaffer (loc. cit.) erroneously attributes the name pulchra to Donovan. \ZIGAENA Lucas, 1849, Explor. scient. Algerie, Zool. 2(3) : 527. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. ZIKANELLA Hering, 1932, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 46 : 153, 154. Type-species: Zikanclla rubrivitta Hering, 1932, ibid. 46 : 153, by original designation and monotypy. ZUTULBA Kirby, 1892, Synonymic Cat. Lepid. Heterocera 1 : 80 (objective replacement name for Anteris Wallengren, 1865, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Neurosytnploca zelleri Wallengren, 1860, Wien. ent. Monatschr. 4 : 39, by original designation for and monotypy of Anteris Wallengren, 1865. See also: Anteris Wallengren, 1865. %ZYAENA Bryk, 1936, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 71 : 124. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. ZYGAENA Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ent.: 550. Type-species: Sphinx filipendulae Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 1 : 494, by subse- quent designation: Latreille, 1810, Considerations generales: 441. See also: Anthracocera Agassiz, 1846; Anthrocera Scopoli, 1777; %Zigaena Lucas, 1849; \Zyaena Bryk, 1936; %Zyngaena Tremewan, 1968. ^ZYGAENITES Burgeff, 1951, Bioi. zu. 70 : 3. Type-species: Zygaenites controversus Burgeff, 1951, ibid. 70 : 3, by monotypy. A fossil genus and species. Not recorded by Neave (1939-66, Nomencl. zool. 1-6). %^ZYGAENITES Reiss, 1936, Ent. Rdsch. 53 : 556 (nomen nudum). Although associated with Zygaena miocaenica Reiss, 1936, the name can only be treated as a nomen nudum and is therefore unavailable. Reiss (loc. cit.) stated that he would not wish to erect a new genus such as Zygaenites for the species. ZYGAENOPROCRIS Hampson, 1900, /. Bombay not. Hist. Soc. 13 : 225. Type-species: Zygaenoprocris chalcochlora Hampson, 1900, ibid. 13 : 225, by original designation and monotypy. %ZYNGAENA Tremewan, 1968, Proc. Trans. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc. 1 : 55. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775. REFERENCES This bibliography contains references to literature not included in the 4th edition of the World List of Scientific Periodicals, 1900-1960, and the List of Serial Publications in the British Museum (Natural History] Library. AGASSIZ, J. L. R. 1846. Nomenclatoris zoologici Index universalis viii, 393 pp. Soloduri. ALPHERAKY, S. 1892. In Romanoff, N. M., Memoires sur les Lepidopteres 6 : 1-81, pis 1-3. St.-P6tersbourg. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 145 BILLBERG, G. J. 1820. Enumeratio Insectorum in Museo Gust. Joh. Billberg [ii], 138 pp. [Stockholm.] BOISDUVAL, J. A. 1828. Essai sur une Monographic des Zygenides xxvi, 132 pp., 8 pis. Paris. 1836. In Roret, Collection des Suites a Buff on. Histoire natuvelle des Insectes. Species general des LSpidopteres 1 : xii, 690 pp., 24 pis. Paris. BRUNNICH, M. T. 1763. In Pontoppidan, E., Den Danske Atlas 1. Kjoebenhavn. BURMEISTER, C. H. C. 1878. Description physique de la Rdpublique Argentine 5 : vi, 524 pp. Paris. BUTLER, A. G. 1881. Illustrations of typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum 5 : xii, 74 pp., 23 pis. London. CLERCK, C. 1759 64. Icones Insectorum rariorum. [xii], [iii] pp., 55 pis. Holmiae. CRAMER, P. 1779-80. De uitlandsche Kapellen 3 : iv, 176 pp., 96 pis. Amsterdam & Utrecht. DEGEER, C. 1783. Genera et Species Insectorum vi, 220 pp. Lipsiae. [DENIS, M. & SCHIFFERMULLER, I.] 1775- Ankundung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend. 322 pp. Wien. DOGNIN, P. 1910. Hetevoches nouveaux de I'Amdrique du sud 1 : 46 pp. Rennes. DRURY, D. 1773. Illustrations of natural History 2 : vii, 90 pp., 50 pis. London. 1782. Illustrations of natural History 3 : xxvi, 76 pp., 50 pis. London. DUNCAN, J. 1841. In Jardine, W., The Naturalist's Library 7 : 229 pp., 30 pis, text-figs. Edinburgh. ESPER, E. J. C. 1778-1806. Die Schmetterlinge 2 : 234, 52 pp., 47 pis. Erlangen. FABRICIUS, J. C. 1775. Sy sterna Entomologiae xxxii, 832 pp. Flensburgi & Lipsiae. 1781. Species Insectorum 2 : ii, 517 pp. Hamburgi & Kilonii. 1787- Mantissa Insectorum 2 : 382 pp. Hafniae. FELDER, R. & ROGENHOFER, A. F. 1874. Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zoologischer Theil, 2. Lepidoptera, 4. vi, 12, 10, 20 pp., 66 pis. Wien. FLETCHER, T. B. 1925. Catalogue of Indian Insects 9 : 92 pp. Calcutta. GUERIN-MENEVILLE, F. E. 1829-44. Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier. Insectes. 576 pp. Paris. 1843. In Delessert, A., Souvenirs d'un Voyage dans I'Inde (2). 103 pp., 27 pis. Paris. HAMPSON, G. F. 1891. Illustrations of typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum 8 : iv, 144 pp., 18 pis. London. 1892 [1893]. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths 1 : xxii, 527 pp., 333 text-figs. London. HERRICH-SCHAFFER, G. A. W. 1850-58. Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuro- pdischer Schmetterlinge 1 : 84 pp., 69 pis. Regensburg. HOHENWARTH, S. VON. 1792. In Reiner, J. & Hohenwarth, S. von, Botanische Reisen nach einigen oberkdrntnerischen und benachbarten Alpen [1] : xi, 270, [16] pp., 6 pis. Klagenfurt. HUBNER, J. 1790. Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Schmetterlinge 2 : 128 pp., 16 pis. Augsburg. 1796-1838. Sammlung europdischer Schmetterlinge 2 : 32 pp., 83 pis, Der Ziefer, 194 pp. Augsburg. 1806. Tentamen determinations digestionis atque denominationis singularum stirpium Lepidopterorum [2] pp. [Augsburg.] 1806-32. Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge 1 : 24, 4 pp., 213 pis. Augsburg. 1816-25. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. 431 pp. Augsburg. JANSE, A. J. T. 1917. Check-list of the South African Lepidoptera Heterocera. 219, xii pp. Pretoria. KIRBY, W. F. 1892. A synonymic Catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths) 1 : xii, 951 pp. London. KOLLAR, V. 1842-48. In Hiigel, F. C. von, Kaschmir und das Raich der Siek 4 : 865, [6] pp., 27 pis. Stuttgart. 146 W. G. TREMEWAN LATREILLE, P. A. 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum 4 : 399 pp. Parisiis & Argentorati. 1810. Considerations generates sur I'Ordre naturel des Animaux. 444 pp. Paris. LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Sy sterna Naturae, ed. X. 1 : 824 pp. Holmiae. 1767. Systema Naturae, ed. XII. 1(2) : 795 pp. Holmiae. LUCAS, H. 1849. Exploration scientifique de V Algerie, Zoologie 2(3) : 527 pp. Paris. MATSUMURA, S. 1931. 6000 illustrated Insects of Japan-Empire, ii, iii, iii, 23, 1497, 191 pp., 2, 6, 10 pis, text-figs. Tokyo. MOORE, F. 1882-83. The Lepidoptera of Ceylon 2 : 162, viii pp., 72 pis. London. 1879. In Hewitson, W. C. & Moore, F., Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr W. S. Atkinson xi, 299 pp., 8 pis. Calcutta. 1858-59. In Horsfield, T. & Moore, F., A Catalogue of the lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of Natural History at the East-India House 2 : 162 pp., 17 pis. London. OBERTHUR, C. 1876. Etudes d' Entomologie 1 : xiii, 74 pp., 5 pis. Rennes. - 1879. Diagnoses d'Especes nouvelles de L6pidopteres de I'ile Askold. 16 pp. Rennes. 1891. Etudes d' Entomologie 15 : 25 pp., 3 pis. Rennes. - 1893. Etudes d' Entomologie 18 : viii, 49 pp., 6 pis. Rennes. 1894. Etudes d' Entomologie 19 : x, 41 pp., 8 pis. Rennes. 1922. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee 19(i) : 402 pp., 51 pis. Rennes. 1925. Etudes de Ltpidopttrologie comparee 23 : 168 pp. Rennes. OCHSENHEIMER, F. i8o8. Die Schmetterlinge von Europa 1 : xxiv, 256 pp. Leipzig. PAGENSTECHER, A. 1909. Die geographische Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge. 451 pp. Jena. RAFINESQUE, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la Nature ou Tableau de I'Univers et des Corps organists. 224 pp. Palermo. RAMBUR, P. i858-[66]. Catalogue syst6matique des Ltpidopteres de I'Andalousie [iv], 412, xii pp., 22 pis. Paris. SCOPOLI, J. A. 1763. Entomologia Carniolica. 420 pp., 37 pis. Vindobonae. 1777. Introductio ad Historiam naturalem [x], 506, [34] pp. Pragae. SEMPER, G. 1896-1902. Die Schmetterlinge der Philippinischen Inseln 2 : 348 pp., 36 pis. Wiesbaden. STAUDINGER, O. 1887. In Romanoff, N. M., Memoires sur les Upidopteres 3 : 126-232, pis 6-12, 16, 17. St.-Petersbourg. STOLL, C. 1779-80. In Cramer, P., De uitlandische Kapellen 3 : iv, 176 pp., 96 pis. Amster- dam & Utrecht. 1780-82. In Cramer, P., De uitlandische Kapellen 4 : 252 pp., 112 pis. Amsterdam & Utrecht. SWINHOE, C. 1892. Catalogue of eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the Oxford University Museum 1 : viii, 324 pp., 8 pis. Oxford. WALKER, F. 1854. List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 1 : 278 pp. London. 1854. List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 2 : 304 pp. London. 1856. List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 7 : 300 pp. London. 1856. List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 8 : 271 pp. London. 1864. List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 31 : 321 pp. London. WALLENGREN, H. D. J. 1861. In Virgin, C. A., Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring Jorden 2, Zoologi. Insecta: 351-390. Stockholm. 1863. Skandinaviens Heterocer-fjdrilar 1 : xxii, 112 pp. Lund. CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 147 WESTWOOD, J. O. 1833-40. In Royle, J. F., Illustrations of the Botany and other Branches of the natural History of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the Flora of Cashmere \ : Ixxxii, 472 pp. London. INDEX TO SPECIES achilleae Esper, Sphinx; Lictoria ada Butler, Mydrothauma ; Chrysocaleopsis adalifa Doubleday, Gynautocera; Milleria aedea Clerck, Papilio; Devanica; Sephisa aegeriaeformis Alberti, Balataea; Pseudo- sesidia aegerioides Walker, Balataea; Rhaphidog- natha aethiops Distant, Parasyntomis afghana Moore, Zygaena; Epizygaena afra Rogenhofer, Doratopteryx albicinctum Hampson, Piarosoma albipuncta Hampson, Lamprochloe amabilis Jordan, Pidorus; Barbaroscia americana Gu6rin-Meneville, Aglaope; Harrisina ampellophaga Bayle-Barelle, Zygaena; Theresia; Theresimima anatolica Naufock, Procris; Praviela anelia Turner, Onceropyga angustula Felder, Pycnoctena anthyllidis Boisduval, Zygaena; Peristygia argynnis Fabricius, Zygaena; Charidea; Glaucopis; Marmax; Pompostola ariel Hampson, Ephemeroidea augarra Rothschild & Jordan, Herpolasia auratus Stoll, Sphinx; Callizygaena auriguttata Hopffer, Arniocera; Arichalca auristrigata Plotz, Melittia; Trichobaptes australis Felder, Cnemolopha auxo Linnaeus, Sphinx; Agyrta; Northia auxo Linnaeus sensu Hiibner, Sphinx; Agyrta banghaasi Hering, Callosiope basalis Moore, Akesina basalis Walker, Agalope basiflava Oberthiir, Herpa; Panherpina basifulva Strand, Anomocoetidia basimaculata Moore, Philopator bicolor Moore, Arbudas bicoloratus Semper, Pidorus; Cryptophysophilus bifasciata Hope, Chelura; Achelura bipars Walker, Tasema boholica Semper, Pintia; Docleomorpha brandti Alberti, Procris; Naufockia brizae Esper, Sphinx; Cirsiphaga budensis Speyer & Speyer, Ino; Roccia caelestina Stoll, Phalaena; Agyrta calibana Kaye, Lamontia; Monalita camadeva Doubleday, Gynautocera; Psaphis camadeva Walker, Psaphis cambysea Lederer, Zygaena; Mesembrynoidea carneola Moore, Boradia carniolica Scopoli, Sphinx; Agromenia; Agrumenia caschmirensis Kollar, Zygaena; Epizygaenella catachroma Schultze, Pseudeuchromia caudata Jordan, Byblisia; Dilophura caudata Weyenbergh, Vogleria celebensis Roepke, Hemichrysoptera chalcochlora Hampson, Zygaenoprocris chaos Burgeff, Zygaena; Silvicola chloros Hiibner, Sphinx; Jordanita chrysotelus Walker, Tascia cincta Walker, Seryda cingala Moore, Eterusia; Devanica; Sephisa circe Herrich-Schaffer, Milleria; Laurion circumdata Walker, Eterusia; Pseudoscaptesyle cirtana Lucas, Procris; Lucasia; Lucasiterna cloeckneria Stoll, Phalaena Bombyx; Caffricola concinna Dalman sensu Wallengren, Zygaena; Neurosymploca contracta Walker, Aclytia; Metanycles controversus Burgeff, Zygaenites [Burgeff] cornuta Holland, Cicinnocnemis; Ninia correbioides Felder, Acreagris; Felderia Corsica Boisduval, Zygaena; Santolinophaga costata Walker, Retina; Rhodopsona culiculina Mabille, Syntomis; Ischnusia cuprea Walker, Syntomis, Lophosoma; cuvieri Boisduval, Zygaena; Coelestis cyanecula Herrich-Schaffer, Zama; Northia cyanescens Hampson, Araeocera cyclops Staudinger, Amuria cynarae Esper, Sphinx; Peucedanophila 148 W. G. TREMEWAN danaides Walker, Cyclosia; Mimeuploea dembowskii Oberthiir, Pseudopsyche diaphana Hampson, Goe dichroa Jordan, Eterusia; Heterusinula dimidiata Herrich-Schaffer, Pyromorpha; Acreagris; Felderia; Malthaca diminuta Walker, Euchromia; Procotes discivitta Walker, Artona distincta Guerin-M6neville, Gynautocera; Prosopandrophila djreuma Oberthiir, Phacusa; Dubernardia dolens Walker, Procris; Neoprocris [Turner]; Turneriprocris dolosa Walker, Syntomis; Notioptera draesekei Hering, Alloprocris durbanica Jordan, Malamblia elegans Poujade, Thyrina ephialtes Linnaeus, Sphinx; Aeacis eryx Fabricius, Zygaena; Chrysaor [Hiibner, [1809]] eupoma Swinhoe, Herpa; Herpidia euschemoides Moore, Canerkes ; Canerces expansa Walker, Syntomis; Thaumastophleps extravagans Hering, Hysteroscene exulans Hohenwarth, Sphinx; Lycastes falsarius Clemens, Acoloithus filictorum Romieux, Triacanthia filipendulae Linnaeus, Sphinx ; Anthracocera ; Anthrocera; Zygaena finalis Walker, Euchromia; Tascia flabellicornis Fabricius, Zygaena; Histia flammans Walker, Euchromia; Phauda flaviplaga Moore, Arachotia forficula Herrich-Schaffer, Laemocharis; Stylura fortunii Herrich-Schaffer, Xenares; Collestis fragilis Walker, Chalcosia; Corma fumicincta Hampson, Thermochrous fuscescens Moore, Soritia; Paraphlebia; Phlebohecta fuscinervis Wesmael, Himantopterus gelida Walker, Caprima glauca Walker, Isbarta glaucon Semper, Ancistroceron glaucopiformis Walker, Toosa glaucopis Drury, Phalaena Bombyx; Pidorus goochii Butler, Dianeura gracilis Druce, Pseudoprocris gracilis Jordan, Leptozygaena gracilis Walker, Bintha grandis Holland, Melisa; Melisomimas grandis Holland sensu Jordan, Melisa; Melisomimas grandis Jordan, Opisoplatia graslini Lederer, Zygaena; Libania grisea Semper, Boradia; Boradiopsis heringi Draeseke, Illiberis; Kublaia heterogyna Staudinger, Inope hexophthalma Hering, Euxanthopyge hispanica Alberti, Procris; Gregorita histrionicus Westwood, Campylotes huguenini Staudinger, Zygaena; Usgenta hyalina Kollar, Chalcosia; Agalope hypparchus Cramer, Sphinx; Charidea; Glaucopis; Marmax; Pompostola igneola Hampson, Phaudopsis inconspicua Strand, Pollanista infausta Linnaeus, Sphinx; Aglaope infernalis Hering, Harrisinula insignis Jordan, Anarbudas intercisa Walker, Milionia; Eucorma iridescens Bethune-Baker, Levuana jacksoni Butler, Dianeura; Plethoneura jezoensis Matsumura, Neopryeria johannae Le Cerf, Zygaena; Agrumenoidea jordani Alberti, Menelikia; Alteramenelikia jordani Romieux, Xenoprocris laeta Hiibner, Sphinx; Hesychia laeva Piingeler, Illiberis; Primilliberis lampra Jordan, Eucormopsis latipes Walker, Byblisia lavandulae Esper, Sphinx; Anthilaria leptalina Kollar, Chalcosia; Soritia levis Felder, Anomoeotes limbata Wallengren, Collestis lithosina Felder, Paraphlebia lonicerae Scheven, Sphinx; Huebneriana loti [Denis & Schiffermiiller], Sphinx; Lictoria loyselis Oberthiir, Zygaena; Hyala; Yasumatsuia lycaenoides Walker, Birtina macularia Guerin-M6neville, Gynautocera; Klaboana; Pintia maculata Moore, Cadphises maerens Staudinger, Aglaino CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 149 malgassica Hampson, Sthenoprocris mana Kirby, Anthrocera; Silvicola manza Alpheraky, Bremeria marginale Snellen van Vollenhoven, Leptosoma ; Pseudonyctemera marginata Guerin-M6neville, Gynautocera; Pompelon marmorata Moore, Ratarda marshalli Jordan, Saliuncella meeki Rothschild, Herpa; Hemiscia melaleuca Rothschild & Jordan, Doclea; Isocrambia melanopyga Wallengren, Arichalca melas Guerin-M6neville, Procris; Chilioprocris meliloti Esper, Sphinx; Thermophila metachloros Walker, Pintia ; Klaboana metallica Hampson, Melisomimas metallica Walker, Laurion micilia Cramer, Phalaena; Agyrta midamia Herrich-Schaffer, Epyrgis; Callamesia miocaenica Reiss, Zygaena; Palaeozygaena ; Zygaenites [Reiss] modesta Jordan, Sciodoclea moelleri Elwes, Soritia; Platyzygaena moluccarum Felder, Aphantocephala myodes Druce, Zygaena; Praezygaena mystica Walker, Euchromia; Nesace; Pampa nana Herrich-Schaffer, Setiodes; Formiculus nemopteridia Butler, Pedoptila nervosa Jordan, Atelesia nigrigemma Walker, Glaucopis; Northia; Zama nigriventris Alberti, Neobalataea nivimacula Felder, Callizygaena obliquaria Fabricius, Phalaena; Eucorma obscurata Walker, Corma octomaculata Bremer, Euchromia; Balataea; Rhaphidognatha onobrychis [Denis & Schiffermuller], Sphinx; Agromenia; Agrumenia ornata Jordan, Callibaptes panthona Stoll, Phalaena Geometra; Cyclosia papilionaria Guerin-Meneville, Gynautocera parabella Alberti, Clelea; Subclelea pectinicornis Linnaeus, Sphinx; Agyrta; Chalcosia; Charmona pellucens Herrich-Schaffer, Psycharium perlucidula Clemens, Malthaca persa Strand, Dieida pertyi Herrich-Schaffer, Laemocharis picturata Wileman, Erasmia; Erasmiphlebohecta pieridoides Herrich-Schaffer, Epyrgis: Isbarta plumipes Drury, Sphinx; Cicinnocnemis; Ninia plurilineata Alberti, Allobremeria pluto Ochsenheimer, Zygaena; Mesembrynus porphyropyga Hering, Allocyclosia procrioides Butler, Neurosymploca; Epiorna pruni [Denis & Schiffermuller], Sphinx; Rhagades pseudomaerens Alberti, Rhagades; Praeprocris pulchella Hope, Erasmia pulchella Kollar, Chalcosia; Soritia pulcherrima Swinhoe, Hampsonia pulchra Drury, Sphinx; Zeuzippa purpuralis Briinnich, Sphinx; Mesembrynus purpurascens Hampson, Callartona pygmaeus Grote, Formiculus pyrrhocrocis Rogenhofer, Colletria [Rogenhofer] ; Colletria [Nolken & Zeller] quadrimaculata Moore, Artona; Brachartona quadriplaga Hering, Eumorphiopais quadripunctata Hampson, Dendrocera; Cerodendra quinquemaculata Gaede, Arctozygaena radialis Walker, Gingla regina Rothschild, Eterusia; Eusphalera rhadamantha Butler, Mimeuploea rhadamanthus Esper, Sphinx; Eutychia rhebus Cramer, Sphinx; Diospage robusta Jordan, Harrisinopsis rubribasis Hampson, Alophogaster rubricollis Matsumura, Kubia rubrivitta Hering, Zikanella rubrivitta Walker, Retina saltuaria Jordan, Neoprocris [Jordan] sanguiflua Drury, Phalaena; Amesia sapphirina Walker, Clelea sarah Snellen, Lophosoma; Chrysocaleopsis saucia Jordan, Tetraclonia sciara Jordan, Morionia 150 W. G. TREMEWAN scintillans Butler, Diospage; Lamprochrysa scintillans Walker, Heteropan sedi Fabricius, Zygaena; Coelestina semihyalina Kollar, Trypanophora separata Hering, Gaedea sesiaeformis Felder & Felder, Rhaphidognatha setioides Felder, Netrocera [Felder] ; Netrocera [Jordan] sexstriata Holland, Trichobaptes simonyi Rebel, Zygaena; Reissita sinensis Walker, Illiberis sinica Moore, Pryeria; Sinica smithsoniana Clemens, Procris; Triprocris spectabilis Rothschild, Caprima; Hadrionella spicae Hiibner, Sphinx ; Anthilaria statices Linnaeus, Sphinx; Adscita; Atychia; Bradyptesis; Chrysaor [Hiibner, [1806]]; Ino; Procris staudingeri Rogenhofer, Pedoptila; Pseudothymara stipata Walker, Procris; Chrysartona striatus Viette, Ankasocris subcaeruleus Dognin, Urodus; Urodopsis subcordata Walker, Syntomis; Thyrassia sulaensis Jordan, Docleopsis syntomoides Walker, Doclea; Cleoda taikozana Matsumura, Euphacusa tamatavana Oberthiir, Perrotia; Boisduvalodes tenebrosa Walker, Glaucopis; Phacusa tenuis Butler, Northia; Hedina tettigonioides Heylaerts, Leptothrix thallo Linnaeus, Papilio; Chalcosia thaumasta Jordan, Caprima; Cyanidia thecloides Walker, Didina thoracica Walker [1864], Saliunca thoracica Walker [1856], Tipulodes; Saliunca thyridota Turner, Homophylotis timon Druce, Coementa tiphys Boisduval, Amalthocera; Amathocera ; Callibaptes togoensis Alberti, Aethioprocris torta Butler, Semioptila tortricalis Druce, Gingla; Euclimacia; Euclimaciopsis transalpina Esper, Sphinx; Biezankoia; Burgeffia; Polymorpha transiens Alberti, Funeralia translucida Butler, Elcysma trefurthi Gaede, Astyloneura triadum Walker, Euchromia; Collestis; Xenares tricolor Hope, Eterusia; Heterusia tricolor Walker, Procris ; Hestiochora tricoloratus Semper, Pidorus; Allocaprima triplex Plotz, Diospage; Lamprochrysa triplex Plotz sensu Hampson, Diospage; Lamprochrysa tristis Mell, Phlebohecta; Scotopais turcosa Retzius, Adscita; Atychia; Bradyptesis; Ino; Procris ulmivora Graeser, Northia; Alterasvenia; Svenia unipuncta Swinhoe, Pteroceropsis uranopetes Holland, Syringura variata Swinhoe, Chalcosiopsis venosa Walker, Herpa; Neoherpa vetulina Jordan, Chalconycles vicaria Walker, Euchromia; Cnemolopha viciae [Denis & Schiffermuller], Sphinx; Thermophila virescens Hampson, Monoschalis virginalis Herrich-Schaffer, Milleria viridipulverulenta Gue'rin-Me'neville, Procris; Pollanisus wallengreni Kirby, Neurosymploca westwoodi Snellen van Vollenhoven, Agalope; Elcysma whytei Butler, Staphylinochrous xena Jordan, Gonioprocris xuthomelas Jordan, Clematoessa zaida Doubleday, Thymara zelleri Wallengren, Neurosymploca; Anteris; Zutulba zelotypia Hering, Mimascaptesyle zenotea Walker, Pidorus; Codane zenotia Doubleday, Gynautocera; Codane zuleika Doubleday, Gynautocera; Chalcophaedra zygaenoides Felder, Euctenia; Orna CATALOGUE OF GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF ZYGAENIDAE 151 W. G. TREMEWAN Department of Entomology BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, LONDON, SW7 5BD A LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS TO THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SERIES OF THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 3. WATSON, A. A revision of the Ethiopian Drepanidae (Lepidoptera). Pp. 177: 18 plates, 270 text-figures. August, 1965. 4.20. 4. SANDS, W. A. A revision of the Termite Subfamily Nasutitermitinae (Isoptera, Termitidae) from the Ethiopian Region. Pp. 172 : 500 text-figures. September, 1965- 3-25- 5. AHMAD, I. The Leptocorisinae (Heteroptera: Alydidae) of the World. Pp. 156: 475 text-figures. November, 1965. (out of print) 2.15. 6. OKADA, T. Diptera from Nepal. Cryptochaetidae, Diastatidae and Droso- philidae. Pp. 129: 328 text-figures. May, 1966. 3. 7. GILIOMEE, J. H. Morphology and Taxonomy of Adult Males of the Family Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Pp. 168: 43 text-figures. January, 1967. 3-15- 8. FLETCHER, D. S. A revision of the Ethiopian species and a check list of the world species of Cleora (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Pp. 119: 14 plates, 146 text-figures, 9 maps. February, 1967. 3.50. 9. HEMMING, A. F. The Generic Names of the Butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Pp. 509. 8.50. Reprinted 1972. 10. STEMPFFER, H. The Genera of the African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rho- palocera). Pp. 322: 348 text-figures. August, 1967. 8. 11. MOUND, L. A. A review of R. S. Bagnall's Thysanoptera Collections. Pp. 172: 82 text-figures. May, 1968. 4. 12. WATSON, A. The Taxonomy of the Drepaninae represented in China, with an account of their world distribution. Pp. 151: 14 plates, 293 text-figures. November, 1968. 5. 13. AFIFI, S. A. Morphology and Taxonomy of Adult Males of the families Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Pp. 210: 52 text- figures. December, 1968. 5. 14. CROSSKEY, R. W. A Re-classification of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of Africa and its Islands. Pp. 198: I plate, 331 text-figures. July, 1969. 4.75. 15. ELIOT, J. N. An analysis of the Eurasian and Australian Neptini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Pp. 155: 3 plates, 101 text-figures. September, 1969. 4. 16. GRAHAM, M. W. R. DE V. The Pteromalidae of North-Western Europe (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea). Pp. 908: 686 text-figures. November, 1969. 19- 17. WHALLEY, P. E. S. The Thyrididae of Africa and its Islands. Pp. 198: 68 plates, 15 text-figures. October, 1971. 12. 18. SANDS, W. A. The Soldierless Termites of Africa (Isoptera Termitidae). Pp. 244: 9 plates, 661 text-figures. July, 1972. 9.90. Printed in England by Staples Printers Limited at their JCettering, Northants establishment /^ +\ A CATALOGUE OF THE f 8ju ) FAMILY-GROUP AND GENUS-( NAMES OF THE GELECHIIDAE, HOLCOPOGONIDAE, LECITHOCERIDAE AND SYMMOCIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) K. SATTLER BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 28 No. 4 LONDON: 1973 A CATALOGUE OF THE FAMILY-GROUP AND GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF THE GELECHIIDAE, HOLCOPOGONIDAE, LECITHOCERIDAE AND SYMMOCIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) BY KLAUS SATTLER pp. 153-282 BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 28 No. 4 LONDON : 1973 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. In 1965 a separate supplementary series of longer Papers was instituted, numbered serially for each Department. This paper is Vol. 2.8, No. 4 of the Entomological series. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. World List abbreviation Bull. Br. Mus. not. Hist. (Ent.) D Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1973 TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) Issued 31 May, 1973 Price 4-70 A CATALOGUE OF THE FAMILY-GROUP AND GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF THE GELECHIIDAE, HOLCOPOGONIDAE, LECITHOCERIDAE AND SYMMOCIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) By K. SATTLER CONTENTS Page SYNOPSIS ....... 155 INTRODUCTION ........... 155 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....... . 160 SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE FAMILY-GROUP NAMES ..... 160 ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE OF THE FAMILY-GROUP NAMES . . .161 ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS-GROUP NAMES . . . .164 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........ . 267 INDEX TO SPECIES .......... 271 SYNOPSIS All the family-group and genus-group names (including variations in spelling) of the Gelechiidae, Holcopogonidae, Lecithoceridae and Symmocidae are listed alphabetically, with citations of their type-species. Bibliographical references are given to the original descriptions, subsequent designations of type-species, and subjective synonymies. Eighteen new synonymies are introduced (4 families, 9 genera, 5 type -species). One subfamily name is given family status. Two previously synonymized genera are recognized as valid. Four generic names and three specific names are recalled from synonymy for taxa previously known under other names. Twenty genus-group names are transferred to other families. Two type-species are newly designated. INTRODUCTION THE following catalogue contains the family-group and genus-group names of the lepidopterous family Gelechiidae. Also included are the families Holcopogonidae, Lecithoceridae and Symmocidae. The latter families have been separated from the Gelechiidae s. str. in recent years and therefore have not yet been widely used in the literature . Undoubtedly there are still a number of genera to be transferred from the Gelechiidae s. str. to the other three families. This catalogue also contains all genera which after 1900 were placed temporarily in the Gelechiidae s. str. Excluded is the family Oecophoridae, which was considered by some authors to be a subfamily of the Gelechiidae. However, genera of Oecophoridae which have been placed erroneously as Gelechiidae s. str. are included. A clear separation of Gelechiidae and Oecophori- 156 K. SATTLER dae on a world basis did not take place until Meyrick revised the two families (1922, Genera Insect. 180 [Oecophoridae] ; 1925, ibid. 184 [Gelechiidae]). Genus-group names which are not currently placed in the Gelechiidae s. str. are marked with an asterisk (*). This catalogue contains all family-group and genus-group names including varia- tions in spelling (justified and unjustified emendations; incorrect original and sub- sequent spellings) and nomina nuda. A serious attempt has been made to cover all nomenclaturally available names. Incorrect subsequent spellings, which have no nomenclatural status, have been included whenever found ; however, no systematic search was made for such names. If a name was misspelt in the same way by more than one author, reference is made to the first usage only. In the past a number of genera have been attributed to the wrong author either inadvertently or deliberately because that author had an erroneous concept of the genus. Misidentifications, incorrect usage, and incorrect authorships of genera have been included in this catalogue in the more important instances only. The type-species of each genus is given, including its original reference, and the mode of its fixation is stated, i.e. by original designation, by monotypy, by subsequent designation, or by present designation. Incorrect designations of the type-species which are earlier than the currently accepted valid designation are recorded and discussed. Subsequent incorrect type-designations are recorded only if they have been used in important works or have been widely accepted in the past. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Article 70 (a), the case of a misidentified type-species has to be referred to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. In the interest of stability the Commission should be asked to designate formally as the type-species in each of the following cases the nominal one actually involved : Cleodora Stephens, 1834, type-species: Phalaena (Tinea) lappella Linnaeus, 1758; Microsetia Stephens, 1829, type-species: Tinea sexguttella Thunberg, 1794; Nannodia Heinemann, 1870, type-species: Tinea sexguttella Thunberg, 1794; *Thyrocopa Meyrick, 1883, type-species: Thyrocopa abusa Walsingham, 1907. The type-designations by Boisduval (1836, Hist. nat. Insect., Le"pid. 1) do not fulfil the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 69 (a) (iii) and are therefore not accepted. For details see under Lita Treitschke, 1833; Microsetia Stephens, 1829; or Rhinosia Treitschke, 1833. Duponchel (in Godart, Hist. nat. Lepid. Papillons Fr.) gives at the beginning of each volume diagnoses of the included genera, sometimes in the form of a key, which are accompanied by the names of the species which he considered to be the type-species (see Duponchel, 1829, ibid. 7 (2) : 102). The type-designations by Westwood (1840, Introd. mod. Classif. Insects 2, Synopsis Genera Br. Insects) have been validated by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1922, Opinion 71, Smithson. misc. Collns 73 : 16-18). Type-species are designated in this catalogue for Chrysia Bruand, 1850, and Scythropiodes Matsumura, 1931. FAMILY- & GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 157 Each generic name has been checked for homonymy in the catalogues of Neave (1939-66, Nomencl. zool. 1-6). All senior homonyms have been checked in the original literature for validity and spelling. For the following genus-group names, which were found to be junior homonyms, no replacement names are currently available. No new names should be proposed until the taxonomic status of these genera has been thoroughly examined. Aspasiodes Janse, 1958, nom. praeocc.; Biloba Janse, 1954, nom. praeocc.; *Gaphara Walker, 1864, nom. praeocc.; Ilarches Meyrick, 1933, nom. praeocc. The following junior homonyms are here replaced by junior subjective synonyms: Atoponeura Busck, 1914, nom. praeocc., by Eunomarcha Meyrick, 1923; Argyritis Heinemann, 1870, nom. praeocc., by Eulamprotes Bradley, 1971; *Gasmara Walker, 1864, nom. praeocc., by Antiochtha Meyrick, 1905; Harpagus Stephens, 1834, nom. praeocc., by Syncopacma Meyrick, 1925; Helina Guenee, 1849, nom. praeocc., by Mirificarma Gozmany, 1955; Noeza Walker, 1866, nom. praeocc., by Plocamosaris Meyrick, 1912. The following junior homonym is here considered to be a junior subjective synonym : *Microgonia Popescu-Gorj & Capu^e, 1968, nom. praeocc., syn. n. of Apatema Walsingham, 1900. Names that have been proposed expressly to replace junior homonyms, and junior objective synonyms that have been used for the same purpose, are referred to in this catalogue as objective replacement names. Junior subjective synonyms that have been used to replace preoccupied senior synonyms are referred to as subjective replacement names. Subjective synonymy of the genera is recorded. Reference is made to the first author who formally synonymized a genus. A synonymy as the automatic result of the inclusion of the type-species in another genus is only recorded in an exceptional case (see Anaphaula Walsingham, 1904). Some genera have been synonymized in the past with more than one other genus ; their current status is therefore expressly mentioned. If genera have been placed repeatedly in synonymy and brought out of it, such fluctuations are not recorded. Published synonymies have sometimes been overlooked or deliberately ignored by other authors. This is particularly apparent in the European literature, where many lepidopterists rigidly followed an established system (Rebel, 1901, or Spuler, 1910), ignoring more recent developments. It is often impossible to decide whether a published change has been rejected for scientific reasons, or whether it has just been ignored for the sake of convenience. Information on subjective synonymy has been taken generally from the literature. A number of genera and type-species will have to be synonymized in future, while others must be brought out of synonymy. However, this catalogue is not the place for a detailed discussion of the taxonomic status of genera and species. A limited number of new synonymies have to be introduced here, mostly in order to provide a 158 K. SATTLER subjective replacement name for a junior homonym, or because an unnecessary replacement name has to be rejected. Subjective synonymy of the type-species is given as far as necessary to establish its valid name. If a type-species is currently considered to be a junior synonym, its senior synonym is also cited in its original binomen with full original reference, and reference to the first author who formally synonymized the two species. The following new synonymies are introduced : Anacampsidae Bruand, 1850, syn. n. of Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854 ( see P- J 6i); Chrysoesthiidae Paclt, 1947, syn. n. of Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854; Timyridae Clarke, 1955, syn. n. of Lecithoceridae Le Marchand, 1947; Physoptilidae Meyrick, 1914, syn. n. of Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854; Chrysia Bruand, 1850, syn. n. of Chrysoesthia Htibner, [1825]; *Conquassata Gozmany, 1957, s y n - n - of Parasymmoca Rebel, 1903; Harpagus Stephens, 1834, nom. praeocc., syn. n. of Syncopacma Meyrick, 1925; Helina Guene'e, 1849, nom. praeocc., syn. n. of Mirificarma Gozmany, 1955; Klaussattleria Capu^e, 1968, syn. n. of Pseudotelphusa Janse, 1958; *Microgonia Popescu-Gorj & Capue, 1965, nom. praeocc., syn. n. of Apatema Walsingham, 1900; *Nastocerella Fletcher, 1940, syn. n. of Nastoceras Chretien, 1922; Neochrista Meyrick, 1923, syn. n. of Plocamosaris Meyrick, 1912; * Symmoletria Gozmany, 1963, syn. n. of Parasymmoca Rebel, 1903; Gelechia (Teleia) dorsivittella Zeller, 1873 (December), syn. n. of Eidothea vagatioella Chambers, 1873 (October) (Eidothea Chambers, 1873); Carpatolechia dumitrescui Capu^e, 1964, syn. n. of Tinea decor ella Haworth, 1812 (Carpatolechia Capuse, 1964) ; [Tinea} morizella Geyer, [1836], syn. n. of Oecophora moritzella Treitschke, 1835 (Cosmardia Povolny, 1965); Gelechia prorepta Meyrick, 1923, syn. n. of Gelechia fulmenella Busck, 1910 (Sriferia Hodges, 1966) ; Gelechia (Brachmia) pictella Zeller, 1839, syn. n. of Phalaena (Tinea) wilkella Linnaeus, 1758 (Argyritis Heinemann, 1870). The name Lecithocerinae, previously used for a subfamily of the Gelechiidae is here given family status : Lecithoceridae stat. n. The following previously synonymized genera are here recognized as valid : *Epidiopteryx Rebel, 1916, gen. rev.; Ficulea Walker, 1864, gen. rev. The following generic and specific names are recalled from synonymy for taxa previously known under other names : *Nastoceras Chretien, 1922, nom. rev.; * Parasymmoca Rebel, 1903, nom. rev.; Pseudotelphusa Janse, 1958, nom. rev.; Telphusa Chambers, 1872, nom. rev.; Gelechia fulmenella Busck, 1910, nom. rev. (Sriferia Hodges, 1966); Oecophora moritzella Treitschke, 1835, nom. rev. (Cosmardia Povolny, 1965); Eidothea vagatioella Chambers, 1873, nom. rev. (Eidothea Chambers, 1873). Transfers of genera to other families are recorded in the catalogue with a reference FAMILY- & GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 159 to the first author who placed a genus in another family. The following genera are here transferred to other families : *Achoria Meyrick, 1904, transferred from Gelechiidae to Lecithoceridae; *Alloclita Staudinger, 1859, transferred from Oecophoridae to Cosmopterigidae ; *Aproopta Turner, 1919, transferred from Glyphipterigidae to Stenomidae; Asapharcha Meyrick, 1920, transferred from Xyloryctidae to Gelechiidae; Bagdadia Amsel, 1949, transferred from Scythrididae to Gelechiidae; Baryzancla Turner, 1933, transferred from Oecophoridae to Gelechiidae; Brachyzancla Turner, 1947, transferred from Oecophoridae to Gelechiidae; *Chionella Amsel, 1935, transferred from Scythrididae to Symmocidae; *Chionellidea Amsel, 1940, transferred from Scythrididae to Symmocidae; *Dragmatucha Meyrick, 1908, transferred from Gelechiidae to Lecithoceridae; *Idiopteryx Walsingham, 1891, transferred from Gelechiidae to Lecithoceridae; *Isotypa Janse, 1954, transferred from Gelechiidae to Lecithoceridae; *Liozancla Turner, 1919, transferred from Cosmopterigidae to Metachandidae ; Physoptila Meyrick, 1914, transferred from Physoptilidae to Gelechiidae; *Scalideutis Meyrick, 1906, transferred from Cosmopterigidae to Metachandidae; * Sisyrodonta Meyrick, 1922, transferred from Gelechiidae to Lecithoceridae; * ' \Symmocites Kusnezov, 1941, transferred from Gelechiidae to Symmocidae; Thyrsomnestis Meyrick, 1929, transferred from Stenomidae to Gelechiidae; *Xanthocera Amsel, 1953, transferred from Gelechiidae to Lecithoceridae; * Xanthocerodes Amsel, 1955, transferred from Gelechiidae to Lecithoceridae. This catalogue is based on the author's personal card index of the Gelechiidae s. 1., which was begun in 1958. Various indexes in the British Museum (Natural History) have also been used (generic index of Lepidoptera; systematic index: family Gelechiidae; T. B. Fletcher's index of generic names of Microlepidoptera) . The literature up to 3ist December 1970 has been considered. All references have been checked personally by the author. To establish the correct date of publication all available evidence has been taken into consideration, e.g. original wrappers and distribution lists of journals, special publications on the works of certain authors, and the publications of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. In all instances the original journals were examined, because reprints sometimes differ in date of publication and pagination. In a few cases separates have been issued ahead of the journal (Rebel & Zerny, 1916). In such a case the separate has to be considered as the original publication. The printed date of publication in a book or journal is accepted as correct, unless there exists published evidence to the contrary. Meyrick's revision of the 'Gelechiadae' (Genera Insect. 184) is here dated 1925 from the original wrapper. Fletcher stated on two occasions (1929, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. Ser. 11 : viii; 1942, in Janse, Moths S. Afr. 4 : xxi) that he had ' . . . strong reason to believe that no copies were published before ist January 1926, . . . '. He therefore dated the work 1926, followed by some authors (e.g. Clarke, 1969), while others (e.g. Janse, 1949-63) adhered to 1925. As Fletcher did not present any evidence, his conclusion cannot be accepted. When the date of publication was found to be different from that generally accepted, or when there are discrepancies between the dates cited in important works (Fletcher, 1929, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. Ser. 11; Gaede, 1937, Lepid. Cat. 79; Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184; Neave, 1939-66, Nomencl. 160 K. SATTLER zool. 1-6), the method by which the correct date was established is explained. Abbreviations of titles of periodicals follow Brown & Stratton, 1963-5, World List of Scientific Periodicals (ed. 4) ; those not included in that work follow the List of Serial Publications in the British Museum (Natural History) Library (1968). The titles of works not listed in either publication are abbreviated according to the principles of the 4th edition of the World List; their full titles are recorded in the Bibliography at the end of this catalogue. Family-group and genus-group names are listed in separate sections. Gelechiidae, Holcopogonidae, Lecithoceridae, and Symmocidae are included in the same section. All names are arranged in alphabetical order ; homonyms, synonyms and unavailable names are cross-referenced. Junior homonyms, junior objective synonyms and unavailable names (nomina nuda, rejected names, and incorrect spellings) are in non-bold italics; unavailable names are marked with a double dagger ({). The alphabetical entries of all other generic names are in bold italics, as are the names of their type-species. Fossil genera are marked with a single dagger (f). All genus- group names which currently are not placed in the Gelechiidae s. str. are marked with an asterisk (*). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge gratefully the help of Dr J. D. Bradley, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London; Mr D. J. Carter, British Museum (Natural History), London; Mr I. F. B. Common, CSIRO, Canberra; Dr R. W. Hodges, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington ; and Mr P. E. S. Whalley, British Museum (Natural History), London. I am particularly grateful to my colleagues Dr I. W. B. Nye and Mr W. G. Tremewan, who both spent a considerable amount of time in helping me to sort out some of the worst problems. SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE FAMILY-GROUP NAMES The family-group names of the Gelechiidae, Holcopogonidae, Lecithoceridae, and Symmocidae are here arranged in a systematic order following Meyrick (1925, Genera Insect. 184). Meyrick's system has been slightly modified in order to accom- modate the families which have been separated in recent years. Meyrick did not use subfamily or tribe divisions but divided the Gelechiidae into nine genus-groups which are indicated in the right column. GELECHIOIDEA GELECHIIDAE ANACAMPSIDAE DICHOMERIDAE CHRYSOESTHIIDAE PHYSOPTILIDAE APATETRINAE i. group (Apatetris) ARISTOTELIINAE 2. group (Aristotelia) GELECHIINAE 3. group (Gelechia) GELECHIINI GNORIMOSCHEMINI FAMILY- & GENUS GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 161 STOMOPTERYGINAE 4. group (Anacampsis) ANACAMPSINAE 4. group (Anacampsis) CHELARIINAE 6. group (Chelaria) HYPATIMINAE 5. group (Protolechid) DICHOMERINAE 7. group (Dichomeris) BRACHMIINAE 8. group (Lecithocera) AUTOSTIGHINAE 9. group (Autosticha) LECITHOCERIDAE 8. group (Lecithocera) TIMYRIDAE SYMMOCIDAE 8. group (Lecithocera) HOLCOPOGONIDAE 8. group (Lecithocera) ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE OF THE FAMILY-GROUP NAMES ANACAMPSIDAE Bruand, 1850, M6m. Soc. Emul. Doubs (1)3(3) : 40. Type-genus: Anacampsis Curtis, 1827. Anacampsidae Bruand, 1850, is currently considered to be a senior subjective synonym of Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854, syn. n. ; however, it should be noted that the subfamilies Gelechiinae and Anacampsinae are currently considered to be distinct. From the time of its proposal the name Anacampsidae has apparently never been used for the family. To maintain stability an application should be made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to have Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854, placed on the Official List of Family - Group Names in Zoology and have the usage by Bruand, 1850, of Anacampsidae suppressed. The next usage of this family-group name is by Le Marchand, 1947, Revue fr. L6pidopt. 11 : 152, as Anacampsinae. ANACAMPSINAE Bruand, 1850, Mem. Soc. Emul. Doubs (i)3(3) : 40. Type-genus: Anacampsis Curtis, 1827. Originally proposed as a family name ; subsequently used as a subfamily name (Le Marchand, 1947, Revue fr. Lepidopt. 11 : 152). See also: Anacampsidae Bruand, 1850. APATETRINAE Le Marchand, 1947, Revue fr. Ldpidopt. 11 : 151. Type-genus: Apatetris Staudinger, 1879. ARISTOTELIINAE Heslop, 1938, Cat. Br. Lepid. : 78. Type-genus: Aristotelia Hiibner, [1825]. AUTOSTICHINAE Le Marchand, 1947, Revue fr. Ltpidopt. 11 : 153. Type-genus: Autosticha Meyrick, 1886. The name Autosticha Meyrick, 1886, was not originally included by Le Marchand although there can be little doubt that Autostichinae is based on that name. BRACHMIINAE Heslop, 1938, Cat. Br. Lepid. : 80. Type-genus: Brachmia Hiibner, [1825]. CHELARIINAE Heslop, 1938, Cat. Br. Lepid. : 80. Type-genus: Chelaria Haworth, 1828. Chelariinae Heslop, 1938, is a senior objective synonym of Hypatiminae Kloet & Hincks, 1945. Chelaria Haworth, 1828, is a junior objective synonym of Hypatima Hiibner, [1825]. CHRYSOESTHIIDAE Paclt, 1947, Cas. csl. Spol. ent. 44 : 99. Type-genus: Chrysoesthia Hiibner, [1825]. Originally proposed as a replacement name for Heliodinidae Heinemann, [1876], Schmett. Dtl. Schweiz (2)2(2) : 518. Paclt replaced Heliodinidae by Chrysoesthiidae because he erroneously considered Heliodines Stainton, 1854, Insecta Br., Lepid.: Tineina : 243, type- 162 K. SATTLER species: Phalaena (Tinea) roesella Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 541, by monotypy, to be a junior objective synonym of Chrysoesthia Hiibner, [1825]. The synonymy of Heliodines Stainton, 1854, with Chrysoesthia Hiibner, [1825], was based on an incorrect type-species of Chrysoesthia. The family-group name Chrysoesthiidae Paclt, 1947, follows its type-genus Chrvsoesthia Hiibner, [1825], and thus is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854. Syn. n. DICHOMERIDAE Hampson, 1918, Novit. zool. 25 : 386, 391 [key]. Type-genus: Dichomeris Hiibner, 1818. Dichomeridae Hampson, 1918, is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854 (Gaede, 1937, Lepid. Cat. 79 : 4), however, it should be noted that the subfamilies Gelechiinae and Dichomerinae are currently considered to be distinct. See also: Dichomerinae Hampson, 1918; JDichomerisinae Heslop, 1938. DICHOMERINAE Hampson, 1918, Novit. zool. 25 : 386, 391 [key]. Type-genus: Dichomeris Hiibner, 1818. Originally proposed as a family name; subsequently used as a subfamily name (Heslop, 1938, Cat. BY. Lepid. : 80 [as JDichomerisinae]). See also: Dichomeridae Hampson, 1918; JDichomerisinae Heslop, 1938. JDICHOMERISINAE Heslop, 1938, Cat. Br. Lepid. : 80. Incorrect formation of the subfamily name based on Dichomeris Hiibner, 1818. See also: Dichomeridae Hampson, 1918; Dichomerinae Hampson, 1918. JGELECHIADAE Meyrick, 1895, Handb. Br. Lepid. : 561, 562 [key], 568. Incorrect formation of the family name based on Gelechia Hiibner, [1825]. See also: Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854. JGELECHIANAE Walsingham, 1891, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1891 : 92. Incorrect formation of the subfamily name based on Gelechia Hiibner, [1825]. See also: Gelechiinae Stainton, 1854. JGELECHIDAE Stainton, 1854, List Specimens Br. Animals Colin Br. Mus. 16 : 52. Incorrect (original) formation of the family name based on Gelechia Hiibner, [1825]. See also: Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854. GELECHIIDAE Stainton, 1854, List Specimens Br. Animals Colin Br. Mus. 16 : 52. Type-genus: Gelechia Hiibner, [1825]. Originally proposed as JGelechidae, which is an incorrect formation of the family name based on Gelechia Hiibner, [1825]; subsequently emended to Gelechiidae (Butler, 1880, Ann. Mag nat. Hist. (5)5 : 394). Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854, is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Anacampsidae Bruand, 1850, syn. n.; however, it should be noted that the subfamilies Gelechiinae and Anacampsinae are currently considered to be distinct. From the time of its proposal the name Anacampsidae has apparently never been used for the family. To maintain stability an application should be made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to have Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854, placed on the Official List of Family - Group Names in Zoology and have the usage by Bruand, 1850, of Anacampsidae suppressed. See also: Chrysoesthiidae Paclt, 1947; Dichomeridae Hampson, 1918; JGelechiadae Meyrick, 1895; JGelechidae Stainton, 1854; Physoptilidae Meyrick, 1914. JGELECHIINA Borner, 1920, in Brohmer, Fauna Dtl. (ed. 2) : 345. Incorrect formation of the suprafamily name based on Gelechia Hiibner, [1825]. The suprafamily name has apparently never been used in its correct form Gelechioinea. GELECHIINAE Stainton, 1854, List Specimens Br. Animals Colin Br. Mus. 16 : 52. Type-genus: Gelechia Hiibner, [1825]. Originally proposed as a family name; subsequently used as a subfamily name but incorrectly formed JGelechianae (Walsingham, 1891, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1891 : 92); correctly emended to Gelechiinae (Spuler, 1898, in Reutti, Ubersicht Lepid.-Fauna Grossherzogtums Baden (ed. 2) : 241). FAMILY- & GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 163 GELECHIINI Stainton, 1854, List Specimens Br. Animals Colin Br. Mus. 16 : 52. Type-genus: Gelechia Hiibner, [1825]. Originally proposed as a family name; subsequently used as a tribe name (Handlirsch, 1924, in Schroder, Handb. Ent. 3: 884). GELECHIOIDEA Stainton, 1854, List Specimens Br. Animals Colin Br. Mus. 16 : 52. Type-genus: Gelechia Hiibner, [1825]. Originally proposed as a family name; subsequently used as a superfamily name (Mosher, 1916, Bull. III. St. Lab. nat. Hist. 12 : [ii], 98). JGNORIMOSCHEMIDI Agenjo, 1968, Graellsia 23 [Cat. ordenador Lepid. Espana] Gelechiidae :[i]. Incorrect subsequent formation of the tribe name based on Gnorimoschema Busck, 1900. See also: Gnorimoschemini Povolny, 1964. GNORIMOSCHEMINI Povolny, 1964, Cas. 6sl. Spol. ent. 61 : 332. Type-genus: Gnorimoschema Busck, 1900. See also: JGnorimoschemidi Agenjo, 1968. HOLCOPOGONIDAE Gozmany, 1967, Acta zool. hung. 13 : 271. Type-genus: Holcopogon Staudinger, 1879. HYPATIMINAE Kloet & Hincks, 1945, Check List Br. Insects : 129. Type-genus: Hypatima Hiibner, [1825]. Junior objective synonym of Chelariinae Heslop, 1938. Hypatima Hiibner, [1825], is a senior objective synonym of Chelaria Haworth, 1828. LECITHOCERIDAE Le Marchand, 1947, Revue fr. Lepidopt. 11 : 153. Type-genus: Lecithocera Herrich-Schaffer, 1853. Originally proposed as a subfamily name ; here used as a family name. Stat. n. See also: Timyridae Clarke, 1955. LECITHOCERINAE Le Marchand, 1947, Revue fr. Lepidopt. 11 : 153. Type-genus: Lecithocera Herrich-Schaffer, 1853. See also : Lecithoceridae Le Marchand, 1947. PHYSOPTILIDAE Meyrick, 1914, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 22 : 777. Type-genus: Physoptila Meyrick, 1914. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854. Syn. n. STOMOPTERYGINAE Heslop, 1938, Cat. Br. Lepid. : 80. Type-genus: Stomopteryx Heinemann, 1870. Originally proposed as JStomopteryxinae, which is an incorrect formation of the subfamily name based on Stomopteryx Heinemann, 1870; subsequently emended to Stomopteryginae (Kloet & Hincks, 1945, Check List Br. Insects : 129). JSTOMOPTERYXINAE Heslop, 1938, Cat. Br. Lepid. : 80. Incorrect (original) formation of the subfamily name based on Stomopteryx Heinemann, 1870. See also: Stomopteryginae Heslop, 1938. SYMMOCIDAE Gozmany, 1957, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., S.N. 8 : 326. Type-genus: Symmoca Hiibner, [1825]. Originally proposed as a subfamily name; subsequently used as a family name (Gozmany, 1963, Acta zool. hung. 9 : 67). SYMMOCINAE Gozmany, 1957, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., S.N. 8 : 326. Type-genus: Symmoca Hiibner, [1825]. Originally proposed as a subfamily name ; subsequently used as a family name (Gozmany, 1963, Acta zool. hung. 9 : 67). See also: Symmocidae Gozmany, 1957. 164 K. SATTLER TIMYRIDAE Clarke, 1955, Cat. Type Specimens Microlepid. Br. Mus. nat. Hist, descr. E Meyrick 1 : 21. Type-genus: Timyra Walker, 1864. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Lecithoceridae Le Marchand, 1947. Syn. n. When proposing the name Timyridae Clarke was unaware of the existence of the family-group name Lecithocerinae Le Marchand, 1947. The latter name is here raised to family level, Lecithoceridae Le Marchand, 1947, and takes precedence over Timyridae Clarke, 1955. ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS-GROUP NAMES *ABRACHMIA Amsel, 1968, Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. 191 : 17. Type-species: Abrachmia karachiella Amsel, 1968, ibid. 191 : 18, figs, by original designation and monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Hyperochtha Meyrick, 1925 (Sattler, 1970, Z. ArbGem. ost. Ent. 21 : 100). A. karachiella Amsel, 1968, is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Onebala justa Meyrick, 1910, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 20 : 458 (Sattler, 1970, ibid. 21 : 100). Originally described in the Gelechiidae; subsequently transferred to the Timyridae [= Lecithoceridae] (Sattler, 1970, ibid. 21 : 100). %ACAMPSIA Westwood, 1840, Introd. mod. Classif. Insects 2, Synopsis Genera Br. Insects : no. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Acompsia Hiibner, [1825]. ACANTHOPHILA Heinemann, 1870, Schmett. Dtl. Schweiz (2)2(i) : 320. Type-species: Gelechia alacella Zeller, 1839, Isis, Leipzig 1839 : 199, by monotypy. The type-species has been erroneously attributed to Duponchel, [1839], in Godart, Hist, nat. Lepid. Papillons Fr. 11 : 296, pi. 297, fig. 12, by several authors. According to Joannis, 1915, Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 84 : 70, Duponchel's description was published later than Zeller's. See also: %Acantophila Osthelder, 1951. %ACANTOPHILA Osthelder, 1951, Mitt, munch, ent. Ges. 41, Beilage (Schmett. Siidbayerns) : 151. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Acanthophila Heinemann, 1870. IACCOMPSIA Bruand, 1850, Mem. Soc. Emul. Doubs (1)8(3) : 42. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Acompsia Hiibner, [1825]. *ACHORIA Meyrick, 1904, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 29 : 257 [key], 405. Type-species: Achoria inopina Meyrick, 1904, ibid. 29 : 405, by monotypy. Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae]; here transferred to the Lecithoceridae (Common in litteris). ACOMPSIA Hiibner, [1825], Verz. bekannter Schmett. : 409. Type-species: [Phalaena] cinerella Clerck, 1759, Icon. Insect, variorum 1, pi. n, fig. 6, by subsequent designation: Duponchel, 1838, in Godart, Hist. nat. Lepid. Papillons Fr. 11 : 19. Correct date of publication ([1825]) taken from Opinion 150, Opin. Decl. int. Commn zool. Nom. 2 : 166 (1943). The type-species was included by Hiibner as 'A. cinerella Linn.' Incorrect type-species: Tinea tinctella Hiibner, 1796, Samml. eur. Schmett. 8 : 50, pi. 31, fig. 214, designated by Westwood, 1840, Introd. mod. Classif. Insects 2, Synopsis Genera Br. Insects : no. As there exists an earlier valid type-designation and asT. tinctella Hiibner, 1796, is not one of the originally included nominal species of Acompsia Hiibner, [1825], the type-designation by Westwood is invalid. See also: %Acampsia Westwood, 1840; %Accompsia Bruand, 1850; Brachycrossata Heine- mann, 1870; Cathegesis Walsingham, 1910; Oxypteryx Rebel, 1911. FAMILY- & GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 165 ACRAEOLOGA Meyrick, 1921, Ann. Transv. Mus. 8 : 66. Type-species: Acraeologa xerochroa Meyrick, 1921, ibid. 8 : 66, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Stomopteryx Heinemann, 1870 (Sattler, 1968, Dt. ent. Z., N. F. 15 : 123). ACRIBOLOGA Meyrick, 1923, Exot. Microlepidopt. 2 : 622. Type-species: Nothris malacodes Meyrick, 1910, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1910 : 451, by original designation. ACROPHILETIS Meyrick, 1932, Exot. Microlepidopt. 4 : 348. Type-species: Acrophiletis cosmocrossa Meyrick, 1932, ibid. 4 : 348, by monotypy. *ACROSYNTAXIS Gozmany, 1957, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., S. N. 8 : 334. Type-species: Syrnmoca angustipennis Rebel, 1927, Bull. Soc. ent. Egypte (19. Anne'e) 10 : 189, by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Gelechiidae : Symmocinae ; currently placed in the Symmocidae. ACUTITORNUS Janse, 1951, Moths S. Afr. 5 : 234. Type-species: Acutitornus munda Janse, 1951, ibid. 5 : 235, figs, by original designation and monotypy. ADELOMORPHA Snellen, 1885, Tijdschr. Ent. 28 : 31. Type-species: Adelomorpha ritsemae Snellen, 1885, ibid. 28 : 32, pi. 3, figs 1-3, by monotypy. ADELPHOTROPHA Gozmany, 1955, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., S. N. 6 : 310. Type-species: Gelechia senectella Zeller, 1839, I sis, Leipzig 1839 : 199, by original designation. Originally proposed as a subgenus of Bryotropha Heinemann, 1870. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Bryotropha Heinemann, 1870 (Sattler, 1971, Entomologist's Gaz. 22 : 107). ADOXOTRICHA Meyrick, 1938, Explor. Pare natn. Albert. Miss. G. F. de Witte 14 : 15. Type-species: Adoxotricha symbolistis Meyrick, 1938, ibid. 14 : 15, by monotypy. ADRASTEIA Chambers, 1872, Can. Ent. 4 : 149. Type-species: Adrasteia alexandriacella Chambers, 1872, ibid. 4 : 149, by subsequent designation: Walsingham, 1911, Biologia cent. -am., Zool., Lepid.-Heterocera 4 : 56. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Telphusa Chambers, 1872 (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 69). Adrasteia Chambers, 1872, has been used as the subjective replacement name for Telphusa Chambers, 1872, which erroneously has been considered to be a junior homonym of Thelphusa Latreille, 1828 (Sattler, 1960, Dt. ent. Z., N. F. 7 : 63, 64). See also: Adrastia Kirby, 1874. ADRASTIA Kirby, 1874, Zool. Rec. (1872) 9 : 379. Type-species: Adrasteia alexandriacella Chambers, 1872, Can. Ent. 4 : 149, by subsequent designation for Adrasteia Chambers, 1872: Walsingham, 1911, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid.-Heterocera 4 : 56. Unjustified emendation of Adrasteia Chambers, 1872. Not recorded by Neave, 1939-66, Nomencl. zool. 1-6. AD ULLAMITIS Meyrick, 1932, Exot. Microlepidopt. 4 : 198. Type-species: Adullamitis emancipata Meyrick, 1932, ibid. 4 : 198, by monotypy. See also: %Adullanitis Gaede, 1937. lADULLANITIS Gaede, 1937, Lepid. Cat. 79 : 347. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Adullamitis Meyrick, 1932. AEOLOTROCHA Meyrick, 1921, Ann. Transv. Mus. 8 : 78. Type-species: Aeolotrocha generosa Meyrick, 1921, ibid. 8 : 78, by monotypy. 166 K. SATTLER *AEROTYPIA Walsingham, 1911, Biologia cent-am., Zoo/., Lepid.-Heterocera 4 : 82. Type-species: Aerotypia pleurotella Walsingham, 1911, ibid. 4 : 82, fig. 19, pi. 3, fig. 3. by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae] ; subsequently transferred to the Cryptophasidae [= Xyloryctidae] (Fletcher, 1929, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. Ser. 11 : 7). ^AFROSYMMOCA Gozmany, 1966, Acta zool. hung. 12 : 74. Type-species: A/rosymmoca seydeli Gozmany, 1966, ibid. 12 : 74, fig. 2, by original designation. Originally described and currently placed in the Symmocidae. ^AGANIPPE Chambers, 1880, /. Cincinn. Soc. nat. Hist. 2 : 198 [legend to fig. 21]. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Agnippe Chambers, 1872. AGATHACTIS Meyrick, 1929, Exot. Microlepidopt. 3 : 501. Type-species: Agathactis toxocosma Meyrick, 1929, ibid. 3 : 501, by monotypy. AGELIARCHIS Meyrick, 1923, Exot. Microlepidopt. 2 : 622. Type-species: Ageliarchis rhizogramma Meyrick, 1923, ibid. 2 : 623, by monotypy. AGNIPPE Chambers, 1872, Can. Ent. 4 : 194. Type-species: Agnippe biscolorella Chambers, 1872, ibid. 4 : 195, by subsequent designation: Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 54. The type-species was cited by Meyrick as 'A. bicolorella, Chamb.'. A. bicolorella Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 54, is an unjustified emendation of A. biscolorella Chambers, 1872. See also: % Aganippe Chambers, 1880. AGONOCHAETIA Povolny, 1965, Acta ent. bohemoslovaca 62 : 487. Type-species: Agonochaetia incredibilis Povolny, 1965, ibid. 62 : 487, fig. 10, by original designation and monotypy. See also: Sautereopsis Povolny, 1965. AGRIASTIS Meyrick, 1914, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1914 : 251. Type-species: Agriast is peloptila Meyrick, 1914, ibid. 1914 : 251, by original designation. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Anacampsis Curtis, 1827 (Busck, 1919, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 21 : 96). See also: %Agriastsi Busck, 1919. IAGRIASTSI Busck, 1919, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 21 : 95. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Agnastis Meyrick, 1914. \AGROLAMPROTES Popescu-Gorj & Nemes, 1965, Trav. Mus. Hist. nat. 'Grigore Antipa' 5 : 157. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Argolamprotes Benander, 1945. *ALCIPHANES Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 12 [key], 207. Type-species: Tingentera molybdantha Meyrick, 1908, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 18 : 454, by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae]; subsequently transferred. to the Timyridae [= Lecithoceridae] (Clarke, 1955, Cat. Type Specimens Microlepid. Br. Mus. nat. Hist, descr. E. Meyrick 1 : 20). *ALLOCLITA Staudinger, 1859, Stettin, ent. Ztg 20 : 247. Type-species: Alloclita recisella Staudinger, 1859, ibid. 20 : 247, by monotypy. Originally not placed in a family; subsequently included in the Gelechi[i]dae (Wocke, 1861, in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. Lepid. Eur. : 117); Gelechiidae: Gelechiinae (Rebel, 1901, in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearctischen Faunengebietes 2 : 151); Hyponomeutidae [= Yponomeutidae] (Walsingham, 1905, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 41 : 126); Oecophoridae (Meyrick, 1911, Ann. Transv. Mus. 3 : 72); here transferred to the Cosmopterigidae. ALLOCOTA Meyrick, 1904, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 29 : 258 [key], 419 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Allocota simulacrella Meyrick, 1904, ibid. 29 : 420, by monotypy. FAMILY- & GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 167 Allocota Meyrick, 1904, is a junior homonym of Allocota Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera) ; Allocotaniana Strand, 1913, was proposed as the objective replacement name. Junior subjective synonym of Chelaria Haworth, 1828 (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 155); currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Hypatima Hiibner, [1825] (Fletcher, 1929, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. Ser. 11 : 10, 113). ALLOCOTANIANA Strand, 1913, Arch. Naturgesch. 79(A 2) : 43 (objective replacement name for Allocota Meyrick, 1904, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Allocota simulacrella Meyrick, 1904, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 29 : 420, by monotypy of Allocota Meyrick, 1904. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Hypatima Hiibner, [1825] (Fletcher, 1929, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. Ser. 11 : 10, 113, as Allocota, Meyrick, 1904). ALLOPHLEBIA Janse, 1960, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 197. Type-species: Allophlebia hemizancla Janse, 1960, ibid. 6 : 198, figs, by original designa- tion and monotypy. ALLOTELPHUSA Janse, 1958, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 96. Type-species: Telphusa lathridia Meyrick, 1909, Ann. Transv. Mus. 2 : n, pi. 4, figs 5, 6, by original designation and monotypy. ALSODRYAS Meyrick, 1914, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1914 : 250. Type-species: Alsodryas lactaria Meyrick, 1914, ibid. 1914 : 250, by monotypy. ALTENIA Sattler, 1960, Dt. ent. Z., N. F. 7 : 16 and 17 [keys], 58. Type-species: Gelechia perspersella Wocke, 1862, in Wocke & Staudinger, Stettin, ent. Ztg 23 : 236, by original designation and monotypy. AMBLOMA Walsingham, 1908, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1907 : 946. Type-species: Ambloma brachyptera Walsingham, 1908, ibid. 1907 : 947, pi. 51, fig. 18, by original designation and monotypy. Correct date of publication (1908, June 4th) taken from 'Notice' on the back cover of the Proceedings for 1908 (part i). AMBLYPALPIS Ragonot, 1886, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1885 : 209. Type-species: Amblypalpis olivierella Ragonot, 1886, ibid. 1885 : 209, by monotypy. Correct date of publication (1886, April 28th) taken from original wrapper. AMBLYPHYLLA Janse, 1960, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 199. Type-species: Amblyphylla lophozancla Janse, 1960, ibid. 6 : 200, figs, by original designation and monotypy. AMPHIGENES Meyrick, 1921, Exot. Microlepidopt. 2 : 436. Type-species: Amphigenes tartarea Meyrick, 1921, ibid. 2 : 437, by monotypy. *AMSELINA Gozmany, 1957, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., S. N. 8 : 337. Type-species: Amselina olympi Gozmany, 1957, ^id. 8 : 337, fig. 7 H, by original designation. Originally described in the Gelechiidae: Symmocinae; currently placed in the Symmocidae. ANACAMPSIS Curtis, 1827, BY. Ent. 4, no. 189. Type-species: [Phalaena] populella Clerck, 1759, Icon. Insect, rariorum 1, pi. n, fig. 5, by original designation. The type-species was cited by Curtis as 'Tinea populella Linn.' See also: Agriastis Meyrick, 1914; %Anacompsis Desmarest, (1857); Aproaerema Durrant, 1897; Compsolechia Meyrick, 1918; Tachyptilia Heinemann, 1870. IANACOMPSIS Desmarest, (1857), in Chenu, Encycl. Hist, nat., Papillons nocturnes : 269. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Anacampsis Curtis, 1827. ANANARSIA Amsel, 1959, Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. 28 : 32. Type-species: Anarsia lineatella Zeller, 1839, I sis, Leipzig 1839 : 190, by original designation. 168 K. SATTLER Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Anarsia Zeller. 1839 (Amsel, 1967, Beitr. naturk. Forsch. SudwDtl. 26(3) : 25). ANAPATETR1S Janse, 1951, Moths S. Afr. 5 : 233. Type-species: Epiphthora crystallista Meyrick, 1911, Ann. Transv. Mus. 2 : 229, by original designation and monotypy. ANAPHAULA Walsingham, 1904, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 40 : 268. Type-species: Gelechia gaditella Staudinger, 1859, Stettin, ent. Ztg 20 : 243, by original designation and monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Aristotelia Hiibner, [1825] (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 41); subgenus of Aristotelia Hubner, [1825] (Gaede, 1937, Lepid. Cat. 79 : 44). Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Apatetris Staudinger, 1879. Agenjo, 1968, Graellsia 23 [Cat. ordenador Lepid. Espafia] Gelechiidae : [i], included G. gaditella Staudinger, 1859, in Apatetris Staudinger, 1879, thereby automatically synonymizing Anaphaula Walsingham, 1904 with Apatetris Staudinger, 1879. ANAPTILORA Meyrick, 1904, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 29 : 257 [key], 390. Type-species: Anaptilora isocosma Meyrick, 1904, ibid. 29 : 390, by original designation. ANARSIA Zeller, 1839, Isis, Leipzig 1839 : 190. Type-species: Tinea spartiella Schrank, 1802, Fauna Boica 2(2,} : 104, by subsequent designation: Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 153. See also: Ananarsia Amsel, 1959. ANASPHALTIS Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 18 [key], 107. Type-species: Ypsolophus renigerellus Zeller, 1839, Isis, Leipzig 1839 : 189, by original designation and monotypy. ANASTOMOPTERYX Janse, 1951, Moths S. Afr. 5 : 269. Type-species: Anastotnopteryx angulata Janse, 1951, ibid. 5 : 270, figs, by original designation and monotypy. ANASTREBLOTIS Meyrick, 1927, Insects Samoa 3 : 77. Type-species: Anastreblotis calycopa Meyrick, 1927, ibid. 3 : 77, by monotypy. ANATHYRSOTIS Meyrick, 1939, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 89 : 55. Type-species: Anathyrsotis ceriochranta Meyrick, 1939, ibid. 89 : 55, by original designation and monotypy. *ANAXYRINA Meyrick, 1918, Exot. Microlepidopt. 2 : 98. Type-species: Anaxyrina cyanopa Meyrick, 1918, ibid. 2 : 99, by monotypy. Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae]; subsequently transferred to the Timyridae [= Lecithoceridae] (Clarke, 1955, Cat. Type Specimens Microlepid. Br. Mus. nat. Hist, descr. E. Meyrick 1 : 20). *ANDUSIA Walker, 1866, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 35 : 1836. Type-species: Andusia alternella Walker, 1866, ibid. 35 : 1836, by monotypy. Originally described in the Gelechi[i]dae; currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Lecithocera Herrich-Schaffer, 1853 (Gaede, 1937, Lepid. Cat. 79 : 516), which automatically places Andusia Walker, 1866, in the Lecithoceridae. ANGUSTIPHYLLA Janse, 1960, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 193. Type-species: Angustiphylla hylotropha Janse, 1960, ibid. 6 : 194, figs, by original designation and monotypy. ANISOPLACA Meyrick, 1886, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 18 : 162 [key], 171. Type-species: Anisoplaca ptyoptera Meyrick, 1886, ibid. 18 : 171, by monotypy. $ANOECISIS Walsingham, 1904, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 40 : 215 (nomen nudum). Published without description or indication and associated species, together with %Cecido- phaga Walsingham, 1904, (nomen nudum), %Hypocecis Walsingham, 1904, (nomen nudum), and %Proactica Walsingham, 1904, (nomen nudum), of which Cecidophaga and Proactica subsequently were made nomenclaturally available. FAMILY- & GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 169 ANOMOXENA Meyrick, 1917, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1917 : 28. Type-species : Anomoxena spinigera Meyrick, 1917, ibid. 1917 : 29, by original designation. \ANORTHODISCA Gaede, 1937, Lepid. Cat. 79 : 442 [under punctipennella']. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Anorthosia Clemens, 1860. ANORTHOSIA Clemens, 1860, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 1860 : 161. Type-species: Anorthosia punctipennella Clemens, 1860, ibid. 1860 : 161, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Dichomeris Hiibner, 1818 (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 174). See also: %Anorthodisca Gaede, 1937; Carna Walker, 1864; Sagaritis Chambers, 1872. ANTERETHISTA Meyrick, 1914 (October 8th), Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1914 : 237. Type-species: Anterethista heteractis Meyrick, 1914, ibid. 1914 : 237, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Beltheca Busck, 1914 (April 3oth) (Meyrick, 1926, Exot. Microlepidopt. 3 : 2jo) 1 . See also: %Antherethista Gaede, 1937. %ANTHERETHISTA Gaede, 1937, Lepid. Cat. 79 : 340 [under phosphoropa] . Incorrect subsequent spelling of Anterethista Meyrick, 1914. ANTHINORA Meyrick, 1914, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1914 : 255. Type-species: Anthinora xanthophanes Meyrick, 1914, ibid. 1914 : 256, by monotypy. ANTHISTARCHA Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 18 [key], 67. Type-species: Gelechia geniatella Busck, 1914, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 47 : 13, by original designation and monotypy. See also: %Antistarcha Lima, 1945. *ANTIOCHTHA Meyrick, 1905, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 16 : 598. Type-species: Antiochtha balbidota Meyrick, 1905, ibid. 16 : 598, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Gasmara Walker, 1864 (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 229), and therefore available as the subjective replacement name for Gasmara Walker, 1864, nom. praeocc. Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae] ; subsequently transferred to the Timyridae [= Lecithoceridae] (Clarke, 1955, Cat. Type Specimens Microlepid. Br. Mus. nat. Hist, descr. E. Meyrick 1 : 20). %ANTISTARCHA Lima, 1945, Insetos Brasil 5 : 273. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Anthistarcha Meyrick, 1925. *APATEMA Walsingham, 1900, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 36 : 219. Type-species: Apatema mediopallidutn Walsingham, 1900, ibid. 36 : 220, by original designation and monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Oegoconia Stainton, 1854 (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 200). Currently considered to be a valid genus (Amsel, 1940, Veroff. dt. Kolon. u. Ubersee-Mus. Bremen 3 : 51). A. mediopallidum Walsingham, 1900, is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Gelechia fasciata Stainton, 1859, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (3)3 : 213 (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 200). Originally not placed in a family but associated with genera of Gelechiidae; subsequently transferred to the Symmocidae (Kasy, 1966, in Gozmany, Z. wien. ent. Ges. (51. Jg) 77 : 71). See also: Microgonia Popescu-Gorj & Capuse, 1965. APATETRIS Staudinger, 1879, Horae Soc. ent. ross. 15 : 316. Type-species: Apatetris mirabella Staudinger, 1879, ibid. 15 : 317, by monotypy. Correct date of publication (1879, November ist) taken from 'Repartition des livraisons' issued with the 'Tables des matieres' of volume 15. 1 A. heteractis Meyrick, 1914 (October 8th), is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Beltheca picolella Busck, 1914 (April 3oth), the type-species of Beltheca Busck, 1914 (Meyrick, 1926, Exot. Microlepidopt. 3 : 270). 170 K. SATTLER See also: Anaphaula Walsingham, 1904; Calyptrotis Meyrick, 1891; Catatinagma Rebel, 1903; Cecidophaga Walsingham, 1911; Dactylota Snellen, 1876; Dactylotula Cockerell, 1888; Didactylota Walsingham, 1892; Epiphthora Meyrick, 1888; Proactica Walsingham, 1904; Stenopherna Lower, 1901. APETHISTIS Meyrick, 1908, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 18 : 459. Type-species: Apethistis metoeca Meyrick, 1908, ibid. 18 : 460, by original designation. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Brachmia Hiibner, [1825] (Meyrick, 1911, /. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 20 : 708). APHANAULA Meyrick, 1895, Handb. Br. Lepid. : 579. Type-species: [Phalaena] leucatella Clerck, 1759, Icon. Insect, rariorum 1, pi. n, fig. 3 [as %leucattella, incorrect original spelling] ; 1864, ibid. 2, Register : [2], by subsequent designation : Walsmgham, 1910, Biologia cent. -am., Zoo/., Lepid. -Heterocera 4 : 44. The type-species was included by Meyrick, as 'A . leucatella, L.' and cited by Walsingham as 'Phalaena Tinea leucatella Cl., L.'. Clerck, on pi. n, spelt the name of the type-species %'leucattella' , which he altered to 'leucatella' in a later part of the same work. This latter spelling has been generally used and is here accepted as a justified emendation. Junior objective synonym of Telea Stephens, 1834, nom. praeocc., for which it may be used as the objective replacement name. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Recurvaria Haworth, 1828 (Rebel, 1901, in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearctischen Faunengebietes 2 : 155). APHANOSTOLA Meyrick, 1931, Exot. Microlepidopt. 4 : 56. Type-species: Aphanostola atripalpis Meyrick, 1931, ibid. 4 : 57, by original designation. APHNOGENES Meyrick, 1921, Ann. Transv. Mus. 8 : 88. Type-species: Aphnogenes zonaea Meyrick, 1921, ibid. 8 : 88, by monotypy. *APILETRIA Lederer, 1855, Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. Wien 5 : 231. Type-species: Apiletria luella Lederer, 1855, ibid. 5 : 231, pi. 4, fig. 13, by monotypy. Originally described in the 'Tineina'; subsequently included in the Gelechi[i]dae (Wocke, 1861, in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. Lepid. Eur. : in); Gelechiidae: Oecophorinae [= Oecophoridae] (Rebel, 1901, in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearctischen Faunengebietes 2 : 166); Gelechiidae: Symmocinae [ Symmocidae] (Gozmany, 1957, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., S.N. 8 : 343); currently placed in the Symmocidae. See also: Aretascetis Meyrick, 1936; Xystoceros Meyrick, 1914. APOCRITICA Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 7 [key], 64. Type-species: Chaliniastis chromatica Meyrick, 1911, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 14 : 272, by original designation and monotypy. APODIA Heinemann, 1870, Schmett. Dtl. Schweiz (2)2(1) : 286. Type-species: Lita bifractella Duponchel, 1842, in Godart, Hist. nat. Lepid. Papillons Fr., Suppl. 4 : 292, pi. 74, fig. 13, by monotypy. According to Walsingham, 1897, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1897 : 63, A podia Heinemann, 1870, is preoccupied but this earlier usage of the name has not been found. Junior subjective synonym of Aristotelia Hiibner, [1825] (Walsingham, 1907, Fauna hawaii. 1(5) :478); subgenusof Aristotelia Hiibner, [1825] (Gaede, 1937, Lepid. Cat. 79 : 43); currently considered to be a valid genus. The type-species was included by Heinemann as 'bifractella HS.' and has been erroneously attributed to Douglas, 1850, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond., N.S. 1 : 66, by several authors. %APONOEA Walsingham, 1904, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 40 : 216 (nomen nudum). Published without description or indication and associated species. Subsequently made nomenclaturally available by Walsingham, 1905, ibid. 41 : 125. APONOEA Walsingham, 1905, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 41 : 125. Type-species: Aponoea obtusipalpis Walsingham, 1905, ibid. 41 : 125, by original designation and monotypy. See also: J Aponoea Walsingham, 1904. FAMILY- & GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 171 APOPIRA Walsingham, 1911, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid.-Heterocera 4 : 73. Type-species : Gelechiafalcatella Walker, 1 864, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colin Br. Mus. 29 : 625, by original designation and monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Commatica Meyrick, 1909 (Meyrick, 1914, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1914 : 238). %APOSOESTA Turner, 1924, Ark. Zool. 16(3) : 6. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Aprosoesta Turner, 1919. APO TACTIS Meyrick, 1918, Ann. Transv. Mus. 6 : 52. Type-species: Apotactis drimylota Meyrick, 1918, ibid. 6 : 52, by monotypy. APOTHETOECA Meyrick, 1922, Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez & Easter Is. 3 : 268. Type-species: Apothetoeca synaphrista Meyrick, 1922, ibid. 3 : 269, by monotypy. APOTISTATUS Walsingham, 1904, Entomologist's man. Mag. 40 : 216 [nomen nudum], 271. Type-species: Apotistatus leucostictus Walsingham, 1904, ibid. 46:271, by original designation and monotypy. On p. 216 (1904, September) without description or indication and associated species; made nomenclaturally available on p. 271 (1904, December). APROAEREMA Durrant, 1897, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 33 : 221. Type-species: [Tinea] anthyllidella Htibner, [1813], Samml. eur. Schmett. 8, pi. 48, fig. 330, by original designation. Senior objective synonym of Schuetzeia Spuler, 1910. Junior subjective synonym of Anacampsis Curtis, 1827 (Rebel, 1901, in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearctischen Faunengebietes 2 : 153). Rebel's concept of the genus Anacampsis Curtis, 1827, is erroneous because none of the species he included are congeneric with the type-species [Phalaena] populella Clerck, 1759. Junior subjective synonym of Stomopteryx Heinemann, 1870 (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : in); currently considered to be a valid genus (Hering, 1952, Opusc. ent. 17 : 201). See also: Schuetzeia Spuler, 1910. *APROMINTA Gozmany, 1957, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., S.N. 8 : 332. Type-species: Oecophora cryptogamarum Milliere, 1872, Petites Nouv. ent. 4 : 172, by original designation. Originally described in the Gelechiidae: Symmocinae; currently placed in the Symmocidae. See also: Parthenoptera Gozmany, 1957. *APROOPTA Turner, 1919, Proc. R. Soc. Qd 31 : 171. Type-species: Aproopta melanchlaena Turner, 1919, ibid. 31 : 172, by monotypy. Correct date of publication (1919, December 3oth) taken from original wrapper. Originally described in the Gelechianae [ Gelechiidae], subsequently included in the Glyphipterygidae [= Glyphipterigidae] (Fletcher, 1929, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. Ser. 11 : 20); here transferred to the Stenomidae (Common in litteris). *APROSOESTA Turner, 1919, Proc. R. Soc. Qd 31 : 151. Type-species: Aprosoest a pancala Turner, 1919, ibid. 31 : 151, by monotypy. Correct date of publication (1919, December 3oth) taken from original wrapper. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Crocanthes Meyrick, 1886 (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 231), which automatically places Aprosoesta Turner, 1919 in the Lecithoceridae. See also: \Aposoesta Turner, 1924. ARAEOPHALLA Janse, 1960, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 205. Type-species: Araeophalla barbertonensis Janse, 1960, ibid. 6 : 206, figs, by original designation and monotypy. ARAEOPHYLLA Janse, 1954, Moths S. Afr. 5 : 349. Type-species: Lecithocera spiladias Meyrick, 1921, Ann. Transv. Mus. 8 : 88, by original designation and monotypy. 172 K. SATTLER ARAEOVALVA Janse, 1960, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 208 (objective replacement name for Stenovalva Janse, 1958, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Gelechia albiflora Meyrick, 1920, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 17 : 283, by original designation for and monotypy of Stenovalva Janse, 1958. *%ARAGONIA Agenjo, 1968, Graellsia 23 [Cat. ordenador Lepid. Espafia] Gelechiidae : [9], Incorrect subsequent spelling of Arragonia Amsel, 1942 (Holcopogonidae). %ARATROGNATHOSIA Gozmany, 1968, Folia ent. hung., S.N. 21 : 261 (nomen nudum). %Aratrognathosia fails to satisfy the conditions of the Int. Code zool. Nom., Article 13 (a), and therefore is a nomen nudum. The name was published in association with vilella Zeller. Gelechia vilella Zeller, 1847, is the type-species of Platyedra Meyrick, 1895, and a junior subjective synonym of Recurvaria subcinerea Haworth, 1828. ARCHIMETZNERIA Amsel, 1936, Veroff. At. Kolon. u. Ubersee-Mus. Bremen 1 : 355. Type-species: Archimetzneria santolinella Amsel, 1936, ibid. 1 : 355, figs, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Metzneria Zeller, 1839 (Sattler, 1971, Entomologist's Gaz. 22 : 103). ARDOZYGA Lower, 1902, Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 26 : 244. Type-species : Ardozyga tetralychna Lower, 1902, ibid. 26 : 244, by subsequent designation: Meyrick, 1922, Genera Insect. 180 : 41. Originally described in the Oecophoridae. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Protolechia Meyrick, 1903 (Turner, 1933, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 58 : 83), which automatically places Ardozyga Lower, 1902, in the Gelechiidae. AREGHA Chretien, 1915, Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 84 : 333. Type-species: Aregha abhaustella Chretien, 1915, ibid. 84 : 334, fig. 6, by monotypy. *ARETASCETIS Meyrick, 1936, Exot. Microlepidopt. 5 : 47. Type-species: Aretascetis endopercna Meyrick, 1936, ibid. 5 : 47, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Apiletria Lederer, 1855, (Amsel, 1940, Veroff. dt. Kolon. u. Ubersee-Mus. Bremen 3 : 52). Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae]; subsequently included in the Oecophoridae (Amsel, 1949, Bull. Soc. Fouad I. Ent. 33 : 320) ; currently placed in the Sym- mocidae (Gozmany, 1965, Acta zool. hung. 11 : 106). ARGOLAMPROTES Benander, 1945, Ent. Tidskr. 66 : 126, 128 [key], 135. Type-species: Tinea micella [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775, Ankundung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wiener gegend : 140, by monotypy. See also: %Agrolamprotes Popescu-Gorj & Neme, 1965. ARGOPHARA Janse, 1963, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 247, 268 [key]. Type-species: Argophara epaxia Janse, 1963, ibid. 6 : 248, figs, by original designation and monotypy. ARGYRITIS Heinemann, 1870, Schmett. Dtl. Schweiz (2)2(i) : 283 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species : Gelechia (Brachmia) pictella Zeller, 1839, 1 sis, Leipzig 1839 : 202, by subsequent designation: Fletcher, 1929, Mem. Dep. Agric. India, Ent. Ser. 11 : 21. Argyritis Heinemann, 1870, is a junior homonym of Argyritis Hiibner, [1821] (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae). Junior subjective synonym of Ergatis Heinemann, 1870 (Snellen, 1882, Vlinders Nederl., Microlepid. :68i); Aristotelia Hiibner, [1825] (Walsingham, 1907, Fauna hawaii. 1(5) : 478); Xystophora Wocke, [1876] (Gozmany, 1958, Fauna Hung. 40 : 258). Heslop, 1961, Entomologist's Gaz. 12 : 205, included Tinea atrella [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775, the type-species of Lamprotes Heinemann, 1870, in Argyritis Heinemann, 1870, thereby auto- matically synonymizing both genera. Eulamprotes Bradley, 1971, proposed as the objective replacement name for Lamprotes Heinemann, 1870, nom. praeocc., is here used as the subjective replacement name for Argyritis Heinemann, 1870, nom. praeocc. G. pictella Zeller, 1839, is here considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Phalaena (Tinea) wilkella Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1 : 541, syn. n. ARGYROLACIA Keifer, 1936, Man. Bull. Calif. Dep. Agric. 25 : 243. FAMILY- & GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 173 Type-species: Argyrolacia bifida Keifer, 1936, ibid. 25 : 243, pi. 4, figs i a-f, by original designation and monotypy. ARISTOTELIA Hiibner, [1825], Verz. bekannter Schmett. : 424. Type-species: [Tinea] decurtella Hiibner, [1813], Samml. eur. Schmett. 8, pi. 45, fig. 311, by monotypy. Correct date of publication ([1825]) taken from Opinion 150, Opin. Decl. int. Commn zool. Nom. 2 : 166 (1943). See also: Anaphaula Walsingham, 1904; Apodia Heinemann, 1870; Argyritis Heinemann, 1870; Chrysoesthia Hiibner, [1825]; Chrysopora Clemens, 1860; Doryphora Heinemann, 1870; Doryphorella Cockerell, 1888; Enchrysa Zeller, 1873; Ergatis Heinemann, 1870; Eucatoptus Walsingham, 1897; Evagora Clemens, 1860; Isochasta Meyrick, 1886; Lamprotes Heinemann, 1870; Microsetia Stephens, 1829; Monochroa Heinemann, 1870; Nannodia Heinemann, 1870; Nomia Clemens, 1860; Parapodia Joannis, 1912; Ptocheuusa Heinemann, 1870; Syneunetis Wallengren, 1881; Xystophora Wocke, [1876]. ARLA Clarke, 1942, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 92 : 269. Type-species: Aria tenuicornis Clarke, 1942, ibid. 92 : 269, figs, by original designation and monotypy. AROGA Busck, 1914, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 47 : 13. Type-species: Gelechia paraplutella Busck, 1910, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 11 : 181, by original designation and monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Gelechia Hiibner, [1825] (Gaede, 1937, Lepid. Cat. 79 : 144). Currently considered to be a valid genus (Busck, 1939, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 86 : 578). See also: %Avuga Janse, 1958. AROGALEA Walsingham, 1910, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid. -Heterocera 4 : 48. Type-species: Gelechia cristifasciella Chambers, 1878, Bull. U.S. geol. geogr. Surv. Territ. 4 : 87, by original designation. AROTRIA Meyrick, 1904, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 29 : 258 [key], 387. Type-species: Arotria iophaea Meyrick, 1904, ibid. 29 : 387, by monotypy. AROTROMIMA Meyrick, 1929, Exot. Microlepidopt. 3 : 532. Type-species: Arotromima politi ca Meyrick, 1929, ibid. 3 : 532, by monotypy. *ARRAGONIA Amsel, 1942, Veroff. dt. Kolon. u. Ubersee-Mus. Bremen 3 : 229. Type-species: Holcopogon punctivittellus Zerny, 1927, 05, Madr. 3 : 477, by original designation. Originally described in the Scythrididae ; subsequently transferred to the Holcopogonidae (Gozmany, 1967, Acta zool. hung. 13 : 273). See also: %Aragonia Agenjo, 1968. IARUGA Janse, 1958, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 69. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Aroga Busck, 1914. %ASAPHARCA Clarke, 1955, Cat. Type Specimens Microlepid. Br. Mus. nat. Hist, descr. E. Meyrick 1 : 18, 19. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Asapharcha Meyrick, 1920. ASAPHARCHA Meyrick, 1920, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 17 : 292. Type-species: Asapharcha strigifera Meyrick, 1920, ibid. 17 : 292, by monotypy. Originally described in the Xyloryctidae ; here transferred to the Gelechiidae. See also: %Asapharca Clarke, 1955. * AS 'ARISTA Meyrick, 1935, Exot. Microlepidopt. 4 : 591. Type-species: Asarista homalodoxa Meyrick, 1935, ibid. 4 : 591, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Symmoca Hiibner, [1825] (Gozmany, 1957, Annls hist. -nat. Mus. natn. hung., S.N. 8 : 326, 327). A. homalodoxa Meyrick, 1935, is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Ceuthomadarus rifellus Zerny, 1932, Z. ost. EntVer. 17 : 42 (Gozmany, 1961, Acta zool. hung. 7 : 108). Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae]; subsequently included in the 174 K - SATTLER Gelechiidae: Symmocinae [= Symmocidae] (Gozmany, 1957, -Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., S.N. 8 : 326, 327). *ASBOLISTIS Meyrick, 1936, Exot. Microlepidopt. 5 : 48. Type-species: Asbolistis chthoniopa Meyrick, 1936, ibid. 5 : 49, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Ceuthomadarus Mann, 1864 (Gozmany, 1961, Acta zool. hung. 7 : 108). Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae]; subsequently transferred to the Timyridae [= Lecithoceridae] (Gozmany, 1961, ibid. 7 : 108). See also: Exorgana Gozmany, 1957. *ASMENISTIS Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 12 [key], 241. Type-species: Lecithocera cucullata Meyrick, 1914, Exot. Microlepidopt. 1 : 199, by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae]; subsequently transferred to the Timyridae [= Lecithoceridae] (Clarke, 1965, Cat. Type Specimens Microlepid. Br. Mus. nat. Hist, descr. E. Meyrick 5 : 7). ASPASIODES Janse, 1958, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 35 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Gelechia hutchinsonella Walsingham, 1891, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1891 : 93, pi. 4, fig. 30, by original designation and monotypy. Aspasiodes Janse, 1958, is a junior homonym of Aspasiodes Turner, 1944 (Lepidoptera : Oecophoridae) . No replacement name is currently available. ATASTHALISTIS Meyrick, 1886, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1886 : 279. Type-species: Atasthalistis pyrocosma Meyrick, 1886, ibid. 1886 : 280, by subsequent designation: Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 136. See also: Croesopola Meyrick, 1904. ATHRINACIA Walsingham, 1911, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid.-Heterocera 4 : 104. Type-species: Athrinacia xanthographa Walsingham, 1911, ibid. 4 : 105, fig. 21, pi. 3, fig. 27, by original designation. *ATHYMORIS Meyrick, 1935, Exot. Microlepidopt. 4 : 564. Type-species: Athymoris tnartialis Meyrick, 1935, ibid. 4 : 564, by monotypy. Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae]; subsequently transferred to the Timyridae [ Lecithoceridae] (Clarke, 1955, Cat. Type Specimens Microlepid. Br. Mus. nat. Hist, descr. E. Meyrick 1 : 20). ATOPONEURA Busck, 1914, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 47 : 4 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Atoponeura violacea Busck, 1914, ibid. 47 : 4, by original designation and monotypy. Atoponeura Busck, 1914, is a junior homonym of Atoponeura Szepligeti, 1905 (Hymenoptera) ; currently considered to be a senior subjective synonym of Eunomarcha Meyrick, 1923 (Meyrick, 1926, Exot. Microlepidopt. 3 : 270), which is here used as the subjective replacement name for Atoponeura Busck, 1914, nom. praeocc. A. violacea Busck, 1914, is currently considered to be a senior subjective synonym of Eunomarcha glycinopis Meyrick, 1923, the type-species of Eunomarcha Meyrick, 1923 (Meyrick, 1926, Exot. Microlepidopt. 3 : 270). *ATREMAEA Staudinger, 1871, Berl. ent. Z. 14 : 317. Type-species: Atremaea lonchoptera Staudinger, 1871, ibid. 14 : 317, 318, by monotypy. Correct date of publication (1871, January, begin.) taken from distribution list, ibid. 14 : iii, footnote. Originally not placed in a family; subsequently included in the Gelechi[i]dae (Wocke, 1871, in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. Lepid. eur. Faunengebiets : 303) ; currently placed in the Xyloryctidae (Lhomme, [1949], Cat. Lepid. Fr. Belg. 2 : 784). *ATRICHOZANCLA Janse, 1954, Moths S. Afr. 5 : 368. Type-species: Eridachtha phaeocrossis Meyrick, 1937, Exot. Microlepidopt. 5 : 96, by original designation. Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae]; subsequently transferred to the Timyridae [= Lecithoceridae] (Gozmany, 1957, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., S.N. 8 : 345). FAMILY- & GENUS-GROUP NAMES OF GELECHIIDAE, &c 175 AULACOMIMA Meyrick, 1904, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 29 : 256 [key], 395. Type-species: Aulacomitna trinervis Meyrick, 1904, ibid. 29 : 395, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Brachmia Hiibner, [1825] (Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 248). AULIDIOTIS Meyrick, 1925, Genera Insect. 184 : 6 [key], 182. Type-species: Ceratophora phoxopterella Snellen, 1903, Tijdschr. Ent. 46 : 41, pi. 4, figs ii, 12, by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae] ; subsequently included in the Timyridae [= Lecithoceridae] (Clarke, 1955, Cat. Type Specimens Microlepid. BY. Mus. nat. Hist, descr. E. Meyrick 1 : 20) ; currently placed in the Gelechiidae (Clarke, 1969, ibid. 6 : 321) . A UTODECTIS Meyrick, 1937, Exot. Microlepidopt. 5 : 90. Type-species: Autodectis atelarga Meyrick, 1937, ibid. 5 : go, by monotypy. A UTOMOLA Meyrick, 1883, Entomologist's man. Mag. 20 : 34 (nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Automola pelodes Meyrick, 1883, ibid. 20 : 34, by monotypy. Automola Meyrick, 1883, is a junior homonym of Automola Loew, 1873 (Diptera) ; Autosticha Meyrick, 1886, was proposed as the objective replacement name. AUTONEDA Busck, [1903], in Dyar, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 52 : 496 (objective replacement name for Neda Chambers, 1874, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Neda plutella Chambers, 1874, Can. Ent. 6 : 244, by monotypy of Neda Chambers, 1874. Correct date of publicatoin (1903, January i3th) taken from Clarke, 1950, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 52 : 308. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Megacraspedus Zeller, 1839 (Walsingham, 1909, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid.-Heterocera 4 : 21). AUTOSTICHA Meyrick, 1886, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1886 : 281 (objective replacement name for Automola Meyrick, 1883, nom. praeocc.). Type-species: Automata pelodes Meyrick, 1883, Entomologist's mon. Mag. 20 : 34, by monotypy of Automola Meyrick, 1883. See also: Epicharma Walsingham, 1897; Epicoenia Meyrick, 1906; Prosomura Turner, 1919- AXYROSTOLA Meyrick, 1923, Exot. Microlepidopt. 3 : 29. Type-species : Axyrostola acherusia Meyrick, 1923, ibid. 3 : 29, by monotypy. BACTROLOPHA Lower, 1901, Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 25 : 79. Type-species: Bactrolopha orthodesma Lower, 1901, ibid. 25 : 79, by monotypy. Currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Dorycnopa Lower, 1901 (Meyrick, 1904, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 29 : 269). BACTROPALTIS Meyrick, 1939, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 89 : 56. Type-species: Bactropaltis lithosema Meyrick, 1939, ibid. 89 : 56, by original designation and monotypy. BAGDADIA Amsel, 1949, Bull. Soc. Fouad I. Ent. 33 : 321. Type-species: Bagdadia irakella Amsel, 1949, ibid. 33 : 322, figs, by original designation and monotypy. Originally described in the Scythri[d]idae; here transferred to the Gelechiidae. BARTICEJA Povolny, 1967, Acta ent. Mus. natn. Pragae 37 : 104. Type-species: Phthorimaea epitricha Meyrick, 1917, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1917 : 47, by monotypy. BARYZANCLA Turner, 1933, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 58 : 80. Type-species: Baryzancla dysclyta Turner, 1933, ibid. 58 : 81, by original designation. Originally described in the Oecophoridae; here transferred to the Gelechiidae (Common in litteris) . BATENIA Chretien, 1908, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1908 : 57. Type-species: Batenia fasciella Chretien, 1908, ibid. 1908 : 58, by monotypy. 176 K. SATTLER BATTARISTIS Meyrick, 1914, Trans, ent. Soc. Lond. 1914 : 245. Type-species: Battaristis ichnota Meyrick, 1914, ibid. 1914 : 247, by original designation. See also: Duvita Busck, 1916. BEGOE Chambers, 1872, Can. Ent. 4 : 209. Type-species: Begoe costolutella Chambers, 1872, ibid. 4 : 209, by monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Trichotaphe Clemens, 1860 (Busck, [1903], in Dyar, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 52 : 505) ; currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Dichomeris Hiibner, 1818 (Walsingham, 1911, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid.-Heterocera 4 : 87). B. costolutella Chambers, 1872, is currently considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Trichotaphe setosella Clemens, 1860, the type-species of Trichotaphe Clemens, 1860 (Busck, [1903], in Dyar, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 52 : 506). BELOVALVA Janse, 1963, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 252, 280 [key]. Type-species: Belovalva nigripuncta Janse, 1963, ibid. 6 : 253, figs, by original designation and monotypy. BELTHECA Busck, 1914 (April 3oth), Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 47 : 4. Type-species: Beltheca picolella Busck, 1914, ibid. 47 : 5, by original designation and monotypy. See also: Anterethista Meyrick, 1914 (October 8th). BESCIVA Busck, 1914, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 47 : 5. Type-species: Besciva longitudinella Busck, 1914, ibid. 47 : 6, by original designation and monotypy. BILOBA Janse, 1954, Moths S. Afr. 5 : 301 (nom. praeocc.). Type -species : Gelechia (Brachmia) subsecivella Zeller, 1852, Lepid. Microptera quae J. A. Wahlberg in Caffrorum Terra collegit : 113, by original designation. Biloba Janse, 1954, * s a junior homonym of Biloba Stach, 1951 [1949, nomen nudum] (Collembola) . No replacement name is currently available. BLASTOVALVA Janse, 1960, Moths S. Afr. 6 : 178. Type-species: Thiotricha paltobola Meyrick, 1921, Ann. Transv. Mus. 8 : 75, by original designation. %BRACHIACMA Common, 1970, Insects Aust. : 825. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Brachyacma Meyrick, 1886. IBRACHICROSSATA Hartmann, 1880, Mitt, munch, ent. Ver. 4 : 25. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Brachycrossata Heinemann, 1870. BRACHMIA Hiibner, [1825], Verz. bekannter Schmett. : 419. Type-species: Tinea dimidiella [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775, Ankiindung syst. Werkes Schmett. Wienergegend : 141, by subsequent designation: Walsingham, 1911, Biologia cent.-am., Zool., Lepid.-Heterocera 4 : 84. Correct date of publication ([1825]) taken from Opinion 150, Opin. Decl. int. Commn zool. Nom. 2 : 166 (1943). Originally described in the 'Elasmiae' ; subsequently included in the Gelechiadae [= Gelechiidae] (Meyrick, 1895, Handb. Br. Lepid. : 605); Gelechiidae: Lecithocerinae (Le Marchand, 1947,